2022届江西省南昌市八一中学高三上学期入学摸底考试英语试题（解析版）听力.docx

2022届江西省南昌市八一中学高三上学期入学摸底考试英语试题本卷须知：1 .答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考试号写在答题卡相应的位置。2 .全部答案在答题卡上完成，用2B铅笔涂满涂黑，答在试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将答题卡上交。第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷 上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，总分值7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最正确选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.£ 19. 15.B.£9. 18.C. £9. 15.答案是C。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Who will complete the slides?A. Tom.B. Susan.C. Mike.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: Tom, could you help me finish these slides for the presentation? Mike called in sick.M: Sure. Susan. If you send them today. I can have them ready by tomorrow.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the woman doing?A. Doing some makeup.B. Making a film.C. Enjoying a video.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Hey, Kate. What are you watching?W: Fm watching a makeup video from my favorite film star, Amy.M: I ve heard about her. She's super popular.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers likely to do?A. Fix the screen.B. Have an online meeting.C. Make a partyinvitation.【29题详解】推理判断题 o 根据第四段中“Of course, today, climate change is speeding up, and trees can* keep pace. Take California: it's getting hotter and dryer and scientists estimate that before too long, Sequoia National Park may not be able to keep giant sequoias （巨杉）.当然，今天，气候变化 正在加速，树木无法跟上。以加利福尼亚州为例：天气变得越来越热，越来越枯燥，科学家 估计，不久之后，红杉国家公园的红杉就会消失）由此可知，作者之所以提到红杉国家公 园，是为了说明树木无法适应气候变化。应选B。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段中“They worried, and I think at some point we will lose these ancient trees and we will have to think about what we do with the places, and do we plant new groves where they are easy to grow?他们担忧，我认为在某个时候，我们会失去这些古老的树木，我们将 不得不考虑如何处理这些地方，我们是否要在它们容易生长的地方种植新的树木？）可知, 这就是所谓的“协助迁移一一人类在其他更容易繁衍生息的地方植树。由此可知第六段 划线词的意思是“生长得更好。应选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。整篇文章都在介绍森林的迁移，尤其根据第二段"In his new book The Journeys of Trees, science writer Zach St. George explores an extremely slow migration, as forests creep inch by inch to more pleasant pl aces.在他的新书？树木的旅程？中，随着森林一寸一寸地向更宜人 的地方蔓延，科学作家扎克圣乔治探索了一种极其缓慢的迁移）由此可知，圣圣乔治对 帮助树木逃生持“客观的态度。并没有支持，反对或者疑心的态度。应选C。DWhen you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than walking down asidewalk-because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. It turns out that the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads.“The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation in the pavement-and it makes it such that it's continuously driving up a very shallow hill,“ said Jeremy Gregory, a scientist at M. I. T.He modeled with his teammates how much energy could be saved-and greenhouse gases avoided-by simply hardening the nation*s roads and highways.And they found that hardening 10 percent of the nation's roads every year could prevent emissions equal to 440 megatons of carbon dioxide over the next 5 decades-that amount is equal to how much CO, you'd spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground or by growing 7 billion trees for a decade. It reduces 0.5% of projected transportation emissions over that time period.As for how to harden roads, Gregory says you could combine small amounts of certain fiber with high technology into paving materials. Or you could pave with specially-made concrete, which is harder than ordinary construction materials.This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual barriers. “Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation department, you're talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people-as opposed to changing the way we design and preserve our pavements. That's just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies/' And when it comes to improving our streets and highways-those agencies are where you might say the rubber meets the road.32. How does the author develop Paragraph 3?A. By giving examples.C. By listing figuresB. By making classification.D. By analyzing causes.33. What does Gregory suggest for hardening roads?A. Mixing fiber with special concrete.B.C. Creating hi-tech computer models.34. What is an advantage of the road-hardening system?A. It reduces construction costs.C. It regulates driver behavior.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Walking Down Beaches or Sidewalks?C. How to Cut Down Carbon Emissions【答案】32.C33. B 34. D 35. BChanging regular paving materials.Using ordinary building materials.B. It profits transportation agencies.D. It avoids involving too many people.B. Hardening Roads Helps Save Energy.D. A System of Hardening Roads.D.【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了对道路进行硬化可以减少二氧化碳的排放，更节 省能源。介绍了这种措施的优势和操作方式。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 “And they found that hardening 10 percent of the nation's roads every year could prevent emissions equal to 440 megatons of carbon dioxide over the next 5 decades-that amount is equal to how much CO, you'd spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground or by growing 7 billion trees for a decade. It reduces 0.5% of projected transportation emissions over that time period4他们发现，每年对全国10%的道路进行硬化，可 以在未来50年内防止相当于440兆吨二氧化碳的排放一一这个数量相当于你将10亿桶石油 留在地下或在十年内种植70亿棵树，就可以使地球免受多少二氧化碳。它减少了该时间段 内预计交通排放的0.5%）可推知，作者通过列数字展开第三段。应选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中 “Or you could pave with specially-made concrete, which is harder than ordinary construction materials.（或者你可以用比普通建筑材料更硬的特制混凝土铺路） 可知，Gregory建议硬化道路更换常规铺装材料。应选B。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中 “This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual barriers. "Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation department, you're talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people-as opposed to changing the way we design and preserve our pavements. Thats just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies.（这一系统也可能是一种减少碳排放的方法，而不存在一些常见的 障碍。“通常，当涉及到交通部门的减排时,，你谈论的是改变与车辆和司机行为相关的政策, 这涉及到数百万人，而不是改变我们的设计和保护人行道的方式。这只是成千上万在运输机 构工作的人的要求。）可知，道路硬化系统的优点是可以防止涉及太多的人。应选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中 “He modeled with his teammates how much energy could be saved-and greenhouse gases avoided-by simply hardening the nation's roads and highways.（他和 他的队友们一起模仿，仅仅通过加固国家的公路和高速公路，就可以节省多少能源，并防止 温室气体的排放）结合文章主要说明了对道路进行硬化可以减少二氧化碳的排放，更节省 能源。介绍了这种措施的优势和操作方式。可知，B选项“硬化道路有助于节约能源最符 合文章标题。应选B。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。When you're giving a speech, there isn*t a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual Audiences, large or small, have different requirements when receiving and digesting information 36.The first action-point is adapting your speech based on your audience size. Larger audiences often have little audience participation, so you need to ensure that your speech fills the time.37, so your tone and body language is more important than ever. For smaller audiences, theyoften have more opportunity to be conversational. This means you'll need to prepare enough material to fill the time if needed but allow for questions or comments throughout.38. People learn and take in information in many different ways. As a general rule,there are 4different ways; visual, auditory （听觉的）,reading and writing and kinaesthetic （动 觉的）.Including each learning style in your speech will help to attract more audiences. 39;use sound effects for auditory learners; give reading and writing learners something that they can add notes on; design interactive parts for kinaesthetic leaners. They all assist in connecting with different audiences.No matter how much you adapt your content for your listeners, you may find yourself losing audience attention during your speech. 40. Take the time to observe and judge what they areenjoying and connecting with and what they are not. Adjust your approach to catch their attention again while being mindful not to go off subject and risk not conveying your message.A. They may yawn or be on their phone.B. Offer visual learners slides and images.C. It's also much harder to attain larger audiences1 attention.D. Make sure whether your audiences are experts or beginners.E. A speech may also need to be presented to different groups.F. So speakers have to adapt to ensure they connect with their listeners.G. The second barrier to overcome is that you have different types of audiences.【答案】36.F37. C 38. G 39. B 40. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了演讲者吸引住听众注意力的方法和本卷须知。【36题详解】根据前文 “When you're giving a speech, there isn't a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual Audiences, large or small, have different requirements when receiving and digesting information .（当你做演讲的时候，并没有一种一站式的方法来解决每个人的问题。 观众，无论大小，在接受和消化信息的时候都有不同的要求。）"且空格处位于第一段的结 尾处，是引出本文的主旨演讲者要适应观众并进行调整。F选项"So speakers have to adapt to ensure they connect with their listeners.（因此发言者必须适应以确保他们与他们的听众联 系。）符合题意，应选F。【37题详解】根据后文“so your tone and body language is more important than ever.（所以你的语气和肢体 语言比以往任何时候都重要。）可知，空格处是讲听众多的时候参与时机变少就很难吸引 观众注意力。C 选项"It's also much harder to attain larger audiences1 attention.也更难获得更 多观众的关注。）符合题意，应选C。【38题详解】根据第二段 “The first action-point is adapting your speech based on your audience size.1第个 行动点是根据你的听众规模调整你的演讲。可知，本段应讲述另一个演讲者需要注意的 点 o G 选项 “The second barrier to overcome is that you have different types of audiences. 1 第二 个需要克服的障碍是你有不同类型的观众。）符合题意，应选G。【39题详解】根据前文“As a general rule, there are 4different ways; visual, auditory （听觉的），reading and writing and kinaesthetic （动觉的）.（一般来说,有4种不同的方法:视觉、听觉、读写和动 觉。）可知，后面依次介绍，空格处应该描写在视觉上所采取的措施。B选项“Offer visual learners slides and images.为视觉学习者提供幻灯片和图像。）符合题意，应选B。【40题详解】根据前文 “No matter how much you adapt your content for your listeners, you may find yourself losing audience attention during your speech.无论你如何调整你的演讲内容来迎合听众，你 都可能会发现自己在演讲过程中失去了听众的注意力。）可知，下文可讲失去听众注意力 的表现。A选项“They may yawn or be on their phone.（他们可能在打哈欠或打符合题意，应选A。第三局部语言知识运用（共两节，总分值45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，总分值30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最正确选项。When we feel failure, we learn to figure it out. In the process, we learn; we 41; webecome more understanding. But without that 42 failure, this beautiful chain reaction doesn't even have a chance to begin.The other day, I was 43 six kids at my house, and while my oldest son was playing with the other kids he started acting 44 and aggressive. 45,1 tried to stop it. I correctedhim, sent him to timeout and separated him from the 46.1 even punished him. 47was working. Until, 48, one of the other kids said. “We don't want to 49 youanymore. And the rest agreed.My son kept trying to 50 the group. He walked to the other side of the circle to see if another 51 would let him in. He said please. He went to his room to find some toys to52 everyone. But it was too 53. He was refused. My first instinct （直觉）was toask the other kids to 54 him. But then, I realized that if I did that, I'd be 55 my son of the greatest lesson that the painful exclusion （排斥）resulted from his bad behavior.And so, the next time you want to 56 your child from skinned knees or a bruised ego （自尊受伤害）or 57 the bus, you might be cheating them out of the greatest 58 they could ever have: the power of knowing that there are natural 59 for their actions, and that they are finally 60 for the choices they make.41.A.growB.regretC.enjoyD.risk42.A.hugeB.initialC.completeD.instant43.A.trainingB.raisingC.watchingD.directing44. A. rudeB.nervousC.ignorantD.confident45. A. Of courseB.In generalC.In a wordD. Out ofcuriosity46. A. familyB.groupC.classD.audience47. A. EverythingB.NothingC.EverybodyD. Nobody48. A. graduallyB.immediatelyC.casuallyD.eventually49. A. attend toB.rely onC.play withD. careabout50. A. rejoinB.observeC.rebuildD. offend51. A. playerB.workerC.parentD. kid52. A. oweB.makeC.offerD. buy53. A. difficultB.lateC.expensiveD. realistic54. A. helpB.noticeC.comfortD. include55. A. remindingB.curingC.sparingD. warning56. A. hideB.discourageC.distinguishD. save57. A. catchingB.missingC.takingD. stopping58. A. criterionB.challengeC.educationD.comment59. A. decisionsB.explanationsC.differencesD.consequences60. A. responsibleB.eagerC.sorryD. grateful【答案】41. A 42. B43. C 44. A45. A46. B 47. B48. D 49. C50. A 51. D 52. C53. B 54. D55. C56. D 57. B58. C 59.D 60. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者观察儿子的不当行为导致小伙伴不和他一起 玩这件事，领悟到在教育孩子的过程中，应该让他们知道自己的行为会有自然的后果，知道 自己最终要为自己的选择负责。41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，我们学习；我们成长；我们变得更加善解人意。A. grow 生长；B. regret 懊悔；C. enjoy 享受，喜欢；D. risk 冒险。根据 "In the process, we learn" 可知，我们在学习的过程中不断成长。应选A。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果没有最初的失败，这个美丽的连锁反响甚至没有时机开 始。A. huge巨大的；B. initial最初的，原始的；C plete完全的；D. instant立刻的。根 据“When we feel failure, we learn to figure it out.可知，如果没有最初的失败，就没有成长 的过程。应选B。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我在家照看六个孩子，当我的大儿子和其他孩子玩的时 候，他开始表现得粗鲁和有攻击性。A. training训练；B. raising提升，增加；C.watching观 看；D. directing 指导。根据 “while my oldest son was playing with the other kids he started acting4 and aggressive/7可知，作者描写自己在家里看到的事情。应选C。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rude粗鲁的;B. nervous紧张的；C.ignorant无知的； D. confident自信的。空处和“aggressive”并列，表示不适宜的行为，应用“粗鲁的。应 选Ao45题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：当然，我试图阻止它。A.Of course当然；B. In general一般来说;C. In a word 总而言之;D. Out of curiosity 出于好奇心。根据 while my oldest son was playing with the other kids he started acting 4 and aggressive/7可知，看到大儿子和其他孩子玩 的时候开始表现得粗鲁和有攻击性，作者当然要阻止。应选A。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我纠正了他错误行为，让他暂停，并把他和团队分开。A. family 家庭;B.group 小组；C.class 班级;D. audience 观众。"My son kept trying to 10 the group,“可知，此处是信息词group的词汇复现。应选B。【47题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：没有起作用。A. Everything 一切;B.Nothing没有什么；C. Everybody 每个人；D. Nobody 没有人。根据"Until, 8、one of the other kids said. “We don*t want to9 you anymore.z， And the rest agreed/7可知，作者试图阻止，但是不起作用。应选B。 【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到最后，另一个孩子说。“我们不想再和你玩了。其余的人 都同意了。A. gradually 逐渐地;B. immediately 立亥!J,马上；C. casually 随意地;D. eventually 最终。最后，另一个孩子表示不再愿意和作者的儿子玩了。应选D。【49题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. attend to照顾；B. rely on依靠；C. play with和一起玩；D. care about 关心。根据 “ while my oldest son was playing with the other kids he started acting4 and aggressive/可知，由于玩的过程中儿子的行为不当，其他孩子不愿意和他玩了。 应选C。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我儿子一直想重新参加那个团体。A. rejoin重新参加；B. observe 观察;C. rebuild 重建;D. offend 冒犯。根据 "He walked to the other side of the circle to see if another 11 would let him in.,z可知，儿子一直想重新参加那个团体。应选A。51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他走到圆圈的另一边，看另一个孩子会不会让他进去。A. player 运发动；B. worker 工人；C. parent 父母；D. kid 小孩。*艮据 "Until, 8、one of the otherkids said.“可知，此处是信息词kid的词汇复现。应选D。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回到自己的房间去找一些玩具送给大家。A.owe欠；B. make 制作；Coffer 提供；D.buy 买。根据 “He went to his room to find some toys"可知，他想找 到一些玩具送给大家。应选C。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但为时已晚。A. difficult困难的；B.late迟的；C.expensive昂 贵的;D. realistic现实的。根据“He was refused.”可知,尽管儿子示好了,但为时已晚。应 选B。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的第一反响是让其他孩子把他也包