专题08情态动词和虚拟语气-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通+题型突破（新高考专用）（含答案解析）.docx

专题08情态动词和虚拟语气【方法提炼】针对情态动词，高考主要考查的是can,should,must,may,could等常用情态动词的用法，其中情 态动词表推测的用法是考查的重点。而针对虚拟语气的考查，主要涉及虚拟语气在条件状语 从句、名词性从句中的用法，其中虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用是考查的重点。1. （2020 浙江 1 月，64） However, greater attention should （place） on longevity（长寿）.【答案】be placed【解析】结合句意可知，此处attention与place是动宾关系,故此处应用被动语态。又因空前 是情态动词should,故填be placedo（2020 江苏,28） If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I（be）where I am.答案wouldn,t/couldn9t/shouldn9t/mightn91 be【解析】句意:如果我没有面对过那么多的障碍，我就不会是今天的我了。根据语境可知，该句 为错综时间条件句，从句是对过去情况的假设，主句是对现在情况的假设，故填 wouldn't/couldn't/shouldn't/mightn't be。2. （2019 江苏,31） What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we（have）a good time together.【答案】would/could/should/might have had【解析】句意:多遗憾啊!你错过了这次游览，否则，我们会在一起玩得很开心的。根据关键词 missed及or可知，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语应用"would/could/should/might have done”形式。3. （2018 W匕京，13） They might have found a better hotel if they （drive）a few more kilometers.【答案】had driven【解析】句意:如果再开几千米，他们可能会找到一家更好的旅馆。根据语境可知，此处表示与 过去事实相反的假设，从句应该用过去完成时。4. （2018 江苏,27） There is a good social life in the village, and I wish 1 （have）a second chance to become more involved.【答案】hadThe story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter 2 was struggling with his small business. His wife died 3 (short) after his fourth son was born. He had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wooden toys.but they didn't sell well. He thought his toys needed a name,and he chose 4 name "Lego”.Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop 5 (burn) to the ground. Soon,he started to make a few plastic toys. He got the idea of creating a "system" of toys that would build up kids' 6 (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop 7 (make) wooden toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to build more and more kinds of 8 (model). Each one had to be of the 9 (high) quality, which can be reflected in Lego's motto "Only the best is good enough. nThanks to his perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if he 10 (give) up when times were hard.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了丹麦的木匠Ole Christiansen创造乐高玩具的经过。l.but考查连词。句意：像许多其他伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是关于一个伟大的想 法的,而且是关于大量的努力和毅力的。not onlybut(also)意为”不仅而且"，故填but。 2.who/that考查定语从句。句意:奥尔克里斯琴森是个木匠，他的小生意做得很艰难。此处 为定语从句,先行词carpenter指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/thato3.shortly考查副词。句意:他的妻子在他的第四个儿子出生后不久就去世了。shortly after 表示“不久之后”，故填副词shortly 0.the考查冠词。句意:他觉得他的玩具需要一个名字,于是他选择了“乐高”这个名字。name 为可数名词,此处表示特指，故用定冠词theo.was burned(burnt)考查动词的时态和语态。句意:不幸的是,几年后，他的作坊被彻底焚毁了。 根据several years later可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时,且主语workshop与 burn之间构成被动关系，故填was burned(burnt)o1.1 magination(s)考查名词。句意:他有了一个想法，即创造一个玩具“系统”，它可以增强孩子 的想象力和创造力。空处和creativity并列，故填名词,imagination作"想象力”讲时，既可作可数 名词，也可作不可数名词，故填imagination(s)o.making考查固定搭配。句意:他决定停止制作木制玩具，只专注于做有关联的塑料玩具。 根据语境可知，此处应用stop doing sth.来表示“停止正在做的事二故填makingo.models考查名词的数。句意:然后他开始建立越来越多种类的模型。model为可数名词, 根据空前的more and more kinds of可知,应填名词的复数形式modelso.highest考查形容词最高级。句意:每一个都必须是最优质的，这可以体现在乐高的格言”只 有最好的才足够好”里。根据句意以及空前的the可知应填形容词最高级highesto7 .had given考查虚拟语气。句意:但如果他在困难时期放弃了，这一切在当时都不会存在。 此处表示与过去事实相反的情况。if引导的条件状语从句应用过去完成时，对应的主句谓语 应为"would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。故填 had giveno【解析】根据"There is a good social life in the village”可知,时间的着眼点是现在，因此wish后 的从句是对现在情况的假设，应用一般过去时。6. （2018 江苏,24） It's strange that he have taken the books without the owner's permission.【答案】should【解析】句意:很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的许可就拿走了那些书。should“竟然”，符合句意。7. （2017 1 匕京,21） Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.【答案】can【解析】句意:Samuel是我们班个子最高的男孩,他能轻易够着书架顶层的书。根据句意可知, 空处表能力，故用can。8. （2016 1 匕京,31 ）1 love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 【答案】needn't【解析】句意:我喜欢周末，因为在星期六和星期日我不需要早起。根据语境可知，此处表示“ 不需要，不必"，故用needn't。9. （2016 天津,15） I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I （injure）.答案 would/could/should/might have been injured【解析】根据”1 was wearing a seatbelt"和“ If I hadn't been wearing one"可判断出,此处表示与过 去事实相反的假设,从句用了过去完成时，主句谓语应用"would/could/should/might have done*1 形式,又主语 I 与 injure 之间是动宾关系，故填 would/could/should/might have been injuredo lO.If we（book） a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in the long queue.【答案】had booked【解析】句意:如果我们早点儿预订桌子，我们就不会站在这里排长队了。本句为错综时间条 件句，根据句意可知从句是对过去发生情况的虚拟，故从句的谓语动词形式应为“ had+过去分 词”。11 .It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,bring me food.【答案】should句意:让我难过的是，他们自己那么贫穷，竟然还给我带来食物。本题考查 情态动词。情态动词should可以表示说话人惊讶的语气，意为“竟然”。12.1 thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.【答案】can't句意:我无论怎样感谢你都不为过。cant与enough,too much等连用表示“再也不为过”。13.1 have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.【答案】needn't【解析】句意:在进入这所新学校之前，我本没有必要担心，因为这里的同学对我很友好。根据 语境可知，此处表示“过去对某事担心过，但现在看来这种担心没有必要"，用needn have done 形式，故填needn't。14.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they (come) to our help.答案would/could/should/might have come【解析】句意:我们在做调查的那几个月，他们在国外，否则他们会来给我们帮忙的。由语境及 关键词or可知，此处考查虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。1.1 lt is required by law that a driving test(take)before a man gets a license.【答案】(should) be taken【解析】句意:法律规定，一个人在获得驾照之前要先参加驾照考试。It is required that句型 中,that从句的谓语动词用"should+动词原形”,should可以省略;又因为a driving test与take之 间是被动关系，故用被动语态。16 .You park here! Ifs an emergency exit.【答案】mustn't【解析】句意:你禁止在这里停车!这是紧急出口。mustn't表示"禁止、.How I wish I (begin) to learn French when I was ten.【答案】had begun【解析】由when I was ten可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用“had+过去分词”形式。17 .Traffic safety is related to thousands of households. We stress the importance of itenough.【答案】can't【解析】句意:交通安全关系到千家万户，我们再怎么强调它的重要性都不为过。cani.enough 表示"再都不为过”。19.1 should (go)to my cousin*s birthday party last night,but I was not available.【答案】have gone句意:我昨天晚上本应该去我表兄的生日聚会，但是我没有空。这里表示本应该做而没做的事，故答案是have goneo2O.If the new safety system had been(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.【答案】had been put句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用，这起事故就不会发生了。本题 考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知语境是对过去发 生的事进行虚拟，因此if引导的从句谓语部分应为had doneo再结合语境，可知用被动语态。21.一Do you have Betty's phone number?一Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn't (be) able to reach her yester-day.【答案】have been句意:你有Betty的电话号码吗?有，否则，昨天我就不能联系到 她了。设空处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟，应该用would have done结构,此处要用否定形式。1.1 1 was wearing a seat belt then; if I hadn*t been wearing one, I would have been (injure).【答案】have been injured句意:我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话，我可能就 受伤了。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其谓语形式为would have done。 主语I与injure为被动关系，故需用被动语态,故答案have been injuredo.Harry is feeling uncomfortable and he have drunk too much at the party last night.【答案】must句意:Harry感觉不舒服，他肯定在昨晚的聚会上喝多了。根据语境可知，此 处是对过去发生事情的肯定推测，故空格处填musto.一Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.一Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.【答案】should句意:对不起，妈妈!这次的求职面试我又失败了。哦，真是太糟糕 了。你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done表示本该做某事，而实际上并未做，符合题意, 故空格处填shouldo.1 still remember my happy childhood when my mother(will) take me to Disneyland at weekends.【答案】would【解析】句意：我仍然记得我快乐的童年，那时候我妈妈总是在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。 would"总是"，表不过去的习惯。1. .It is high time that we(devote)ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.【答案】devoted/should devote【解析】在"It is high time that.”句型中，从句谓语应用过去式或"should+动词原形”。2. .One of our rules is that every student wear school uniforms while at school.【答案】shall【解析】句意:我们的其中一项规定就是每个学生在校期间必须穿校服。shall用于第三人称 的陈述句中用来介绍条约、法令等文件中的规定。28. （2021 四川成都摸底测试，64） The term risk means that the result can （know）.【答案】be known【解析】空前是情态动词,空处应用动词原形;此处表示“结果尚不可知”，应用被动语态，故填 be known o（2021 广东深圳外国语学校考试,15）The doctor insisted that I a high fever and that I a rest for a few days.（have）【答案】had; have【解析】句意:医生坚持说我发高烧了，并坚持要求我休息几天。insist表示“坚持说”时,其后的 宾语从句用陈述语气，且根据insisted可知，应用一般过去时，故第一空填had;insist表示”坚持要 求”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“（should+）动词原形"，故第二空填have。29. （2021 黑龙江哈尔滨九中考试was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I （do）it?【答案】had done【解析】根据语境可知,as if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故填had doneo（2021 天津和平区期中,30） You rang me up at about 10:00 last night, didn't you?-No.I didn't phone you. It （be） someone else.【答案】must have been【解析】句意:你昨晚10点左右给我打电话了，不是吗?不,我没有给你打电话。一定 是别人。根据空前的“I didn't phone you”及句意可知，此处表示对过去的情况有很大把握的肯 定推测，故应用must have been。30. （2021 天津八校期中联考,24） We didn't sleep well last night because of the test. But it turned out to be easy so we have been worried about it.【答案】needn't【解析】根据"it turned out to be easy”可知，测试很容易，我们本没有必要担心。needn't have done表示"本不必做某事（而实际上做了）”，故填needn't。31. （ 2020 江苏扬州高三期中调研,27 ）1 （abandon）my dream of becoming a pianist, but for the encouragement from that music teacher.【答案】 might have abandoned【解析】句意:要不是来自那位音乐老师的鼓励，我可能就放弃成为钢琴家的梦想了。此处表 达的是与过去事实相反的假设,所以应用，might have+过去分词”。32. （2020 黑龙江大庆铁人中学期中）Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam （be） at the age of six months.【答案】（should） be【解析】句意:眼科医生建议孩子应在六个月大时进行第一次眼睛检查。recommend表示“建 议”时淇后的宾语从句的谓语要用”（should+）动词原形"，故填（should） be。33. （2020 江苏无锡期中,32） How impressive China's 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!Definitely. If only I （be）on the scene!【答案】had been【解析】句意:国庆70周年阅兵式真是令人印象深亥U!当然，要是我在现场就好了!根 据句意可知，此处表达的是与过去事实相反的假设，故填had beeno（2019 江苏天一中学调研,23） Did you go to the party last night?一Yes, but rd rather I （go） there. It was so boring.【答案】hadn't gone【解析】句意:昨晚你去参加聚会了吗?是的，但我宁愿我没有去那里，太无聊了。 would rather后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气;根据句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，因 此从句的谓语应用"had done”形式。34. （2019 北京海淀区期中,32） Kelly failed Mr. Brown's literature course. She have handed in the report earlier.【答案】should【解析】句意:Kelly没有通过布朗先生的文学课，她本应该早点提交报告的。should have done sth.”本应该做某事（而实际上未做）”符合语境。35. （2020 天津,1） Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.【答案】can【解析】此处表示许可。本句是说,只要我们保持房子干净整洁,Jim就允许我们待在他的房 子里。36. （ 2019 天津，14 ） The workers were not better organized, otherwise they （accomplish）the task in half the time.【答案】 would have accomplished【解析】句意:工人们没有被更好地组织起来,否则的话他们用一半时间就完成任务了。此处 考查虚拟语气,otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实，因此后半部分表示对过去情况的假设, 应用"would have done"。37. （2018 4匕京，12） In today's information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.【答案】can【解析】句意:在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失会给公司带来严重的问题。根据语境可知，此处 应用can表示"可能，会，（2018 天津,10） I can't find my purse. I （leave）it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.【答案】could/might have left【解析】根据句意及时间状语yesterday可判断，此处表示对过去情况的推测;根据下文“我不 肯定"可知，应用”情态动词could/might+have done”结构。38. （2018 天津,15） If we （catch） the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.【答案】had caught【解析】根据句意可知，此处是一个虚拟条件句，条件从句中有时间状语yesterday,因此从句表 示与过去事实相反的假设,故应用过去完成时。39. （2017 天津,15） Do you have Betty's phone number?一Yes. Otherwise, I （be） able to reach her yesterday.【答案】wouldn't have been【解析】句意:你有Betty的电话号码吗?是的,不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。根 据句中的时间状语yesterday和副词Otherwise判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，此时谓 语用"could/might/would/should+have done”形式。40. （2017 天津,2） My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.【答案】needn't【解析】句意:我的房间乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫，我可以明天上午打扫。 根据"1 can do it in the morning”及句意可知，空处表示“没有必要”。41. （2016 天津,5） It was really annoying; I get access to the data bank you had recommended.【答案】couldn't【解析】句意:这真让人恼火，我无法使用你推荐的那个数据库。根据句意及前文中的“was” 可知应填couldnt表 示“不能够”。42. （2016 北京,34） Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you （tell）me, I could have helped.【答案】had told【解析】句意:你上个星期为什么不告诉我你的问题呢?如果你告诉我了，我就能帮你了。根据 句意及空后的"could have helped”判断，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故应用过去完成时。43. （2020全国III） （你可以给我们一些建议吗）on how to improve it?44. （2019 全国 II ） So significant is the game that it is required that（每个人都 要准时到场）.45. （2019北京）I suggest that（你从北京开始），and（我带 你四处转转）.46. （2019 北京）You（可以乘高铁）to both cities.47. （2019 浙江）Additionally, without your help, I（不能成为英语尖子生）and （不能赢得英语演讲比赛）.【答案】Could you give us some advice.everyone（should）present themselves punctuallyyou（should）begin from Beijing; I'll show you around48. can take high-speed trainswould not have been a top student in English; would not have won the English Speech Contest【能力提升】A专项语篇型填空（情态动词和虚拟语气）Rain or shine, Tom is always the first to arrive at the office. His home 1 be very near the office, or he 2 be always in time for work. How I wish that I 3 (live)close to work, so that I 4 not get up so early every day. Yesterday, for example, I would 5 (arrive) in time for work as usual if I hadn't been caught in a traffic jam. The boss was so angry with me that he demanded I 6 arrive at work early enough later on, saying that should I be caught being late again, he 7 (punish)me.I 8 stop doing everything and go to bed now. Anyhow, it's time that I 9 (go) to sleep, and I hope I 10 arrive at work on time tomorrow. It will be bad to be caught arriving late again.【解析】作者上班有时会迟到，而他的同事汤姆从来不迟到，因此，作者认为汤姆肯定住得离公 司很近。l.must这里用must表示非常有把握的肯定推测，即”他的家离办公室肯定很近”。2.can根据句意可知，这里用can比表示非常有把握的否定推测。3.1ived分析句子结构可知,本空在句中作wish后面宾语从句的谓语，此处表示与现在事实相 反的假设,从句谓语应用一般过去时。4 .need语境表示”这样我就没必要每天起那么早了，用need not表示”没必要(做某事)”。 5.have arrived此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句谓语应用"would have done”形式。5 .should这里使用了 "demand that+宾语从句”结构，此时宾语从句的谓语应用”(should+)动词 原形.would punish saying that后的主从条件句表示对将来的虚拟，主句谓语应用"would+动词原 形”。7 .must这里用情态动词must表示“必须”:我必须停下一切事情，上床睡觉。8 .went/should go在"It，s time that”句型中，从句谓语既可用过去式也可用"should+动词原 形”(should不可省略)。lO.can此处是说，“我“希望明天能按时到单位,故用情态动词canoB语法填空(2020 安徽示范高中名校联考)Have you ever wondered where Lego(乐高)comes from? Like many other great inventions,the story is not only one of a great idea, one of tons of hard work and perseverance(毅力).