2022年人教版八年级上英语unit知识点及习题 .pdf

名师推荐精心整理学习必备Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.一、重点短语1.more outgoing 更外向2.Asas与一样3.the singing competition 唱歌比赛4.be similar to 与相像的/类似的5.the same as 和相同；与 一致6.be different from 与不同7.care about 关心；介意8.be like a mirror 像一面镜子9.the most important 最重要的10.as long as 只要；既然11.bring out 使显现；使表现出12.get better grades 取得更好的成绩13.reach for 伸手取14.in fact 事实上；实际上15.make friends 交朋友16.the other 其他的17.touch ones heart 感动某人18.be talented in music 有音乐天赋19.be good at 擅长 20.be good with 善于与 相处21.have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣22.be good at doing sth 擅长做某事23.make sb.do sth.让某人做某事24.want to do sth.想要做某事25.as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与一样 26.It s+adj.+for sb.to do sth.对某人来说，做某事 的。二、重点句子1.He has shorter hair than Sam.他的头发比萨姆的短。than 比（用于形容词，副词的比较级之后）当两个人或者物进行比较时，要用形容词的比较级。“比较级+than”表示“比.更.”。一般形容词或副词的比较级是在词后加-er。但要注意比较的对象。如：I am taller than Jim.我比吉姆高。His hair is shorter than Sam s.他的头发比萨姆的短。This book is more interesting than that one.这本书比那本书有趣。形容词和副词的比较级、最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really；2）比较级，表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者之间进行比较）,标志词 than,A or B,of the two,修饰词 much,a lot,a little；3）最高级，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词 the，后面可带in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化：名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 8 页 -名师推荐精心整理学习必备构 成 方 法原级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er 或-est high short higher shorter highest shortest 以字母 e词尾的词，加-r 或-st late fine later finest latest finest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er 或-est hot big thin fat hotter bigger thinner fatter hottest biggest thinnest fattest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加-er 或-est funny easy early funnier easier earlier funniest easiest earliest 多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加 more 或 most beautiful athletic outgoing more beautiful more athletic more outgoing most beautiful most athletic most outgoing 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化：原 级比较级最高级good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther（更远）further（更深远）farthest(最远)furthest（最深远）2.反意疑问句肯定陈述句否定提问如：Lily is a student,isn t she?Lily will go to China,wont she?否定陈述句肯定提问如：She doesnt come from China,does she?You haven t finished homework,have you?提问部分用代词而不用名词如：Lily is a student,isnt she?陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如little,few,never,nothing,hardly 等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。如：He knows little English,does he?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 8 页 -名师推荐精心整理学习必备They hardly understood it,did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？3.No,I am a little taller than her.a little,much a lot a bit,far,any,no 等可以+比较级4.Tara works as hard as Tina.塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力。“.（not）as+形容词或副词原级+as.”是一种原级比较，意思为“.和.(不)一样”。1）.not as+形容词或副词原级+as.表示双方在某个方面不同。如：His English is not as good as hers.他英语不如她的好。He doesn t work as hard as his brother.他没有他哥哥工作努力。2）as+形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面一样。如：She is as tall as me.她跟我一样高。I run as fast as he does.我跑得跟他一样快。5.辨析 beat/win 相同点：都是动词，表示“赢”不同：beat+人/win+比赛，竞赛，战争等名词。如：We played very well,and beat them.我们发挥得很好，击败了他们。They won the match this time.这次他们赢了这场比赛。6.care about 意为“关心；在意”，期中 care是动词如：We should care about the old people.我们应该关心老年人。care for 表示“喜欢”，“关心”之意，后接 名词或 v-ing 形式作宾语，take care of 也有这个意思。He cared nothing for skating.他对滑冰没有兴趣。In our class,we care for each other.在我们班上，我们相互关心。Maria takes good care of everybody.玛丽亚很关心大家。【友情链接】care for 还可以表示“照顾”，“照料”，相当于 take care of 或 look after。At night he fed and cared for the cattle.夜里他照料牲口，给牲口喂食。You must care for yourselves.=You must look after yourselves.你们要照顾好自己。The children are well cared for in the nurseries.=The children are taken good care of in the nurseries.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 8 页 -名师推荐精心整理学习必备孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。7.I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友能使我开心。牢记：make sb.do sth.使某人做某事make+宾语+形容词使某人/某事怎样如：Our teacher makes us work ten hours a day 我们老师让我们一天学习10 个小时。His words make us happy.他的话使我们感到很高兴。8.laugh at sb.笑话；取笑（某人）如：Dont laugh at me!不要取笑我!9.They re both tall.他们两个都是高个子。both adj./pron./adv.两个都 用在 be 动词后，行为动词前。Y ou are both too young./They both speak English.Both of.+名词复数（复数谓语）Both of the flowers are beautiful.两朵花都很漂亮。both and 两者都 （复数谓语）反义词组：neithernor 两者都不 （谓语单复数按照就近原则）【友情链接】both 与 all both 指代两者；all 指代三者或三者以上如：My parents are both fine。我父母都好。We are all here。我们都在这儿。10.be ike 意为“像”，这里的 like 是介词。如：She is like her mother。她长得像他妈妈。like 做动词，意为“喜欢”，构成短语like sth.喜欢某物like sb.喜欢某人like to do sth.喜欢做某事如：I like to have friends who are like me.我喜欢交像我一样的朋友。like diong sth.11.need 是动词，需要。need sth.需要 Plant needs water。need to do sth.需要做 You didnt need to tell him the news，it just made him sad need doing sth.=need to be done 需要被怎么样Flowers need watering。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 8 页 -名师推荐精心整理学习必备【拓展】need作情态动词时，后面+动词原形，意思是必要，必须。这时need多用于疑问句，否定句或条件状语从句中。如：You needn t talk so loud.你不必这么大声说话。11.As long as 只要；既然。如：You don t need a lot of friends as long as they re good.你不需要很多朋友，只要他们好就可以了。12.It s not necessary to be the same.完全一样是没有必要的。It s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.It 是形式主语，to do sth.是真正主语。意为“某人做某事怎么样”如：It is easy for me to make friends.我交朋友很容易。13.My friend is the same as me.我的朋友和我一样。be the same as“和一样”。反义词组：be different from“与.不同的”如：My bike is different from yours.=My bike is not the same as yours.我的系行车和你的不一样。14.serious 意为“严肃的；认真的；严重的”be serious about sth.如：He was serious about the matter.他对那件事很认真。be serious with sb.如：There s nothing much serious with you.对你来说没那么严重。15.touch one s heart 感动某人16.be talented in music 有音乐天赋17.However 意为“然而；但是”，表示转折关系，与 but 意义相同，但but 一般谓语句首，而 however 比较正式，可位于句首、句中或句末，且常用都好隔开。如：You didn t finish your homework.You can,however,do it now.你还没有完成家庭作业，但是现在你可以写了。18.hard-working意 为“努 力 的”其 比较 级 为more hard-working 意 为“更 努 力”，less hard-working 意为“不努力”。19.be similar to.意为“与.相似”。(注意与be the same as 区别)如：My pen is similar to yours.我的钢笔和你的相似。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 8 页 -名师推荐精心整理学习必备I.根据句意及首字母提示补全单词（10 分）。1.My mother told me a good friend is like a m.2.I was a p school student when I was seven years old.3.He still went to school on time t he didn t feel well yesterday.4.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your h.5.He was so funny that he often makes his friends l.6.Its nfor students to finish homework on time.7.Alice is an o girl.She likes to stay with her friends and enjoys talking.8.Kim is taller t his brother.9.B his parents like English very much.10.My maths teacher is very s.He never laughs in class.II.根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。（10 分）1.He is(funny)than the other students in his class.2.The boy enjoys(swim)very much.3.He doesn t like singing,but he is good at(dance)4.Did you have fun(learn)something?5.Nelly practiced(dance)a lot more than Lisa.6.His mother often makes him(clean)his room on weekends.7.Lisa practiced a lot more and wanted(win).8.Its necessary for us(learn)English well.9.He is(different)from his brother.They have some(different).10.I m(good)at physics than my sister.III.句型转换（每空 0.5 分，共 15 分）1.I like singing.My sister likes singing,too.(合并为一个句子)My sister and I singing.2.Sue is twelve years old.Gina is fourteen years old.(合并一个句子)Sue is Gina.Gina is Sue.Sue isn t Gina.Gina isnt Sue.3.I think he is good at playing soccer.(改为否定句)I he good at playing soccer.4.John enjoys swimming.Peter enjoys swimming,too.(合并为一句)John Peter swimming.5.Jim is twelve years old.Tim is twelve years old,too.(合并为一句)Jim is Tim.6.Huang lei isnt good at tennis as Larry.(同义句)Larry is Hunag Lei.7.The English Stududy Center needs a weekend student helper for primary school student.(提问)the English Study Center for primary school student?8.Larry works harder than Huang Lei.(改为否定句)名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 8 页 -名师推荐精心整理学习必备Larry harder than Huang Lei.IV.选择填空（25 分）()1.She is talented music but I am good sports.A.in,at B.at,in C.at,at D.in,in()2.Li Huas shoes are as _ as Zhang Huis.A.cheap B.cheaper C.the cheaper()3.Are you relaxing yourself here?Yes.It is _to walk slowly along the river.A.fantastic B.boring C.Bad D.terrible()4.Its very important for him me laugh.A.to make B.making C.makes D.made()5._you dont give up(放弃)，your dreams will come true.A.As long as B.As soon as C.As well as D.As often as()6.She is similar her mother.A.to B.with C.of D.in()7.I don t really care if my friends are the same me or different me.A.as,as B.from,from C.as,from D.from,as()8.If you want to be a student helper,please call him 4435667.A.at B.in C.of D.on()9.This is my friend.He is less outgoing than I am.A.much B.much more C.more D.very()10.Mr Bean enjoys jokes and often makes us.A.to tell,to laugh B.tells,laugh C.telling,laugh D.telling,laughing()11.Tara and her sister quiet and they sports.A.are both,both like B.are both,like both C.both are,both like D.both are,like both()12.If you want to be a student helper,you must be good children.A.at B.with C.for D.in()13.he is very young,he can do many things.A.Though,but B.Though,/C./,though D.But,though()14.Tom can play drums,but Sam can play tennis.A.the,the B.the,/C./,the D./,/()15.Lilys books are new than.A.we B.us C.our D.ours()16.Have you seen the funny movie Let the Bullet Fly?Yes，it made me _ many times.A.laugh B.cry C.Sleep D.sing()17.Its important _ us _ _English well.A.of;learning B.for;to learn C.Of;to learn D.or;learning()18.Betty and Mary are in _ school，but they are in _ Classes.A.same;different B.same;the different C.the same;the different D.the same;different 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 8 页 -名师推荐精心整理学习必备()19.Let s go shopping at the new mall.Why not shop online?It s _.A.expensive B.more expensive C.Less expensive D.less cheapest()20.Now,some robots(机器人)are _ to do the same things _ people.A.enough smart;as B.enough smart;for C,smart enough;as D:smart enough;with()21.He is_ outgoing student long hair.A.a,with,B.an,with C.a,of D.an,of()22.The fantastic music made the students_relaxed.A.feel B.feels C.felt D,to feel()23.Someone says“Time is money.“But I think time is_ important than Money.A.least B.Much C.even more D.much least()24.My friend likes singing and talking with others.But I often stay at home to watch TV.So my friend is_ than me.A.quieter B.more serious C.more outgoing D.more wilder()25,The girl shorter hair is Lisa.A.has B.have C.with D.and V.完形填空（15 分）An English traveller found that he had only 1 to buy the ticket to go back home.As he knew that it would 2 him only two days to 3 to England,he decided that he could easily do 4 .So he bought a ticket and 5 the ship.It was time 6 lunch.He didnt go tohave it.In the evening,he said that he didnt feel 7 and went to bed early,the next day he was 8 hungry that he couldn t stand(忍受)it 9 .“I m going to eat,”he said.“Even if they throw me 10 the sea.”After he ate everything the waiter(侍者)put in front of him and he was ready for the coming trouble.“Bring me the bill(账单)，”he said.“The bill,sir?”said the waiter.“There isn t any bill.”Was the answer.“On the ship meals are included(包括)in the money for the ticket.”()1.A.moneys enough B.a lot of money C.enough money Denough moneys()2.Aspend Bcarry Cbring Dtake()3.Aget to Barrive Creach Dget()4.Awith food Bwithout food Cwith foods Dwithout foods()5.Agot in Bgot on Cgot off Dgot at()6.Ato Bhave Cfor Dfor a()7.Atrouble Bwell Cgood Dbetter()8.Atoo Bso Csuch D/()9.A.not any longer Bno longer Cany longer Dno long()10.Ainto Bon Cin Donto 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 8 页，共 8 页 -