2022年北京语言大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研语言学真题 .pdf

1 2012 北京语言大学外国语言学及应用语言学真题（回忆版）第一部分.50 分1.Tell what is the phone according to the description of sound。1 5=5 分1.the voiced bilabial stop _ 2.the voiceless alveolar fricative _ 3.the nasal velar _ 4.the long high back vowel _ 5.he short central vowel _ 2.Phonological process 1.Think 2.Tank 3.Teeth 4.Impossible 5.slight 3.Tell the kind of word formation。1 5=5 分1.Edit 2.Worker 3.SARS 4.Playboy 5.plane 4.判断划线部分是属于root/stem/derivational morpheme/inflectional morpheme哪种？1 5=5 分。1.national ity 2.support 3.work ed 4.meaningful5.emit 5.写出 sense relation(synonymy，complementary antonymy,gradable antonymy,converse antonymy,hyponymy)1.male and female 2.acquire and obtain 3.earth and planet 4.husband and wife 5.big and small 6.Indicate how speech is presented in the stretches of language below.1.“Have we been here before.”he asked her 2.He asked her a question.3.Have we been here before?He asked her.4.Had they been here before？He asked her.5.He asked her whether they had been here before.7.5 1=5 分 树形图John ate an apple.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 3 页 -2 8.determine which type of the components belong to the stretchiness of following sentence（rheme theme subject predicate）1.yesterday the murder was caught by the police。2.The day before yesterday Jack finished his work。3.Once upon a time，there was a little girl。4.yesterday,Join ate an apple。5.How nice the lake is。9.Tell the kind of violation of the maxims.1 5=5 分1.There are not many people living in China.2.Boys are boys.3.All men and women are players on the stage.4.His manners speak eloquently for him.5.He wouldn t say Y-E-S to the I-C-E-C-R-E-A-m.10.写出属于 one-place predicate/two-place predicate/three-predicate.1 5=5 分1.John was reading.2.Wisdom John doesn t have.3.John finished his work on time.4.John drove violently back home.5.That company gave him a job.第二部分 Filling the blanks.225=50 分1.Language is _ because speech is primary and writing is secondary.2.When language is used to change the emotional states of an audience,it is called the _ functions of language.3.The minimal distinctive speech sounds is _.4.when linguistics try to lay down language rules for correct uses of language,it is called _studies.5.Intonation is a _ phoneme that can distinguish sentence types.6.A sound may show the influence of an immediately preceding sound.The term for this process is _in phonetics.7.The morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be attached is called _.8.Relation of substitution is one manifestation of _.9.The discussion of lexicon meaning.We can say all words have _but not all words have reference.10._ is a term used in sociological oriental investigation of language referring to discrimination against woman.11.Phonemes appearing in complementary distribution is likely to be _.12.Saussure believed that language is a system of _,which includes the signifier and the signified.13._is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents,a word or a group of words which serves as a definable canter or head.14._are the defining properties of language units like nouns,verbs,adjectives,adverb,etc.15.There is no limit to the number of linguistic elements embedded into other linguistics elements,this is what名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 3 页 -3 we call_.16.The name for the sameness relation is_.17.The term _refers to the process or result of linking linguistic units so that they have different syntactic status,one being dependent upon the other.18._related elements in construction form structure.19.Fall and autumn is the third season of the year,the different circumstances of use represent the _ meaning.20._can be analyzed into argument and predicate.21.What_suggests is like this:our language helps mould our way of thinking and consequently,different languages may probably express speakers unique ways of understanding the world.22.implicature is _ in that it can be worked out on the basis previous information,including the conventional meaning of the words,the context,other items of the background knowledge and the CP and its maxims.23.The Prague school holds that the goal of discourse presents the very information that is to be imparted to the hearer,which is called the _.24.where two syllables have the same initial and the final consonants,but different vowels(CvC),they are _.第三部分.50 分。第一题。名词解释。4 5=20 分。1.displacement 2.pro-forms 3.metre ponent 第二题。论述题。2 15=30 分。1.How would you analyze the differences and the similarities between the speech act theory and the conversational implicature?2.How would you analyze the differences and similarities between predicate and rheme?名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 3 页 -