比较级和最高级的构成和用法.docx

比拟级和最高级的构成和用法A.比拟级和最高级的构成：1 .形容词和副词加“er”构成比拟级，力ITest”构成最高级。例如：great greater greatest ； narrow narrower narrowestfast faster fastest； clever cleverer cleverest2 .以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以-ble, -pie结尾的双音节形容词和副词之后，力rr,构成比拟 级，加“st”构成最高级。例如：large larger largest； able abler ablest simple simpler simplest.以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加“er”，-esf例如:hot hotter hottest.以辅音加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词，要将y改为i,再加“er”构成比拟级，加“e st”构成最高级。例如:easy easier easies；early earlier earliesthappy happier happiest. 一般在双音节或多音节的形容词和副词原级前加more构成比拟级或加most构成最高级。例如：beautiful more beautiful most beautifulcareful more carefully most carefully3 .少数单音节形容词也加more和most构成比拟级和最高级。例如：tired more tired most tiredpleased more pleased most pleased7,以下形容词，副词的比拟级和最高级可有两种构成方法。cruel cruder/ more cruel crudest/ most crueloften oftener/ more often oftenest/ most oftenstrict stricter/ more strict strictest/ most strictfriendly friendlier/ more friendly friendliest/ most friendly8 .以下形容词，副词的比拟级和最高级的构成不规那么。good/well better bestbad/ill worse worstmany/much more most little less leastfar farther /further farthest/ furthestold elder/older eldest/oldest三、比拟级的用法：1 .双方比拟表示一方超过另一方时，用“比拟级+than”的结构表示。例如：There are more workers in this factory than in that factory.这个工厂的工人比那个工厂的多。The climate of Dalian is better than that of Shanghai.大连的气候比上海好。The atmosphere of the earth is much denser than that of the moon.地球的大气比月球的要稠密的多。2 .表示一方不3.及另一方时，4.用“less +原级+ than”的结构表示。例 如 ：This room is less beautiful than that one.这个房间不如那个房间漂亮。They speak less fluently but more correctly than we(do).他们讲得不如我们流利，但比我们准确。5.表示一方超过另一方的程度或为二倍6.时，7.可在比拟级前加表示程度的状语。如： even, a little ,still, much, far , yet ,by far, slightly, very much, no, any, rather, a great deal, a lot, lots, a bit 等修饰。例 如 ： He works even harder than before.他比以前更加努力工作。There is lots more sugar in the storeroom.储藏室有更多的糖。He was too tired to walk any further.他太累了，再也走不动了。Are you any better than before?你今天比以前好点了吗？That would be a great deal better.那样的话就好多了。The photographs of Mars taken by satellites are much clearer than those taken from the earth.从卫星上拍的照片比从地球上拍的清楚。注意：英语的比拟级前如无even, still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较.”或“一些”或不译出，一般 不可用“更如：She is better than she was yesterday.她比昨天好些了。Please come earlier tomorrow.明天请早点来。注意：byfar, far, much通常用于强调最高级。by far用于比拟级时，一般放在比拟级的后面。如放在前 面，应在二者中间加“the”。far and away, out and away, the very只能用于修饰最高级。如 ：Building this tunnel was by far the most challenging problem in the system.建筑这样一条隧道无疑是这个系统中最棘手的工程。This is much the best.这是最好的。It is far and away ( or out and away) the best.这是好的无以复加。This is the very best book that he ever wrote.这是他写过的书中最好的一本。8.表示主语随另一方的程度而9.变化时，10.用“the+比拟级(主语+谓语)，11. the +比拟级(主 语+谓语)”的结构。例 如 ：The harder he works, the happier he feels.他越努力工作越感到幸福。The higher we went up the mountain, the colder it became.越往ft的高处爬越冷。The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.他们越说越感到鼓舞。12.不13.与其它事物相比，14.表示本身程度的改变时，15.用“比拟级+比拟级”的结构。例如：The weather is getting colder and colder.天气越来越冷。The girl becomes more and more beautiful.这个女孩长得越来越漂亮。The days become longer and longer.天变的越来越长。We are walking more and more slowly.我们走得越来越慢。6 .在inferior（劣于）,superior（优于）,junior（年幼的），senior（年长的）,prior（前面的），posterior（后面的）等后面 用to代替than。例 如 ：He is superior to Mr. Wang in mathematics.在数学上他比王先生好。His work is inferior to mine.他的工作不如我的好。He is 2 years senior to me.他比我大两岁。The duty is prior to all others.这项任务比其他任务都重要。7 .在比拟从句中为了防止重复，我们通常用that （those）, one （ones）代替前面出现的名词，that指物，o ne既可指人，也可指物.that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而。ne只能代替可数名词。例如:The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.餐桌上的那本书比课桌上的那本书有趣。A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood .铁箱子比木箱子结实。“ the+形容词的比拟级+ of”例如：He is the taller of thetwo.他是两个人中较高的一个。She is the more beautiful of the two sisters.她是两姐妹中较美的一个。Of the two landscapes that you have shown me, this one is the more picturesque.你给我看的两处景色中，这一处更别致。8 .表示倍数的比拟级有如下几种句型：A. A is three （four,etc.）times the size （height,length,width,etc.）of B例 如 ：The new building is four times the size （the height） of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（四倍高）。（这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍）A is three （four, etc.）times as big （high, long, wide, etc.jas B.例 如 ： Asia is four times as large as Europe亚洲I是欧洲I的四倍大。（亚洲比欧洲大三倍。）B. A is three（four, etc.jtimes bigger（higher, longer, wider, etc.）than B例 如 ：Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。（你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大。）用times表示倍数，一般限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice或doubleo四、最高级的用法.三者或三者以上相比，2.表示最高程度时，3.用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比拟范围的介词短语。例 如 ：Zhang Hui is the tallest of the three.张辉是三个人中最高的。He works (the) hardest in his class.他是班级中最用功的学生。1 . 最高级可被序数词以及 much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like 等词语所修饰。例如：This hat is by far/much/ nearly/ almost/not nearly/ by no means/ not quite/nothing like the biggest. 这个帽子是最大的。How much is the most expensive computer ?那个价格最昂贵的计算机需要多少钱？2 .表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比拟级。3 .形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时被修饰的词往往省略。例 如：He is the tallest (boy) in his class.他是班级中最高的男孩。4 .作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。例如:Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.在所有的男生中他来得最早。Have a nice day!