新世纪大学英语综合教程4完形填空(close)答案及原文.docx

Close1 Man has a blood tie with nature and nobody can live outside nature. Nature provides 第 3 页us with we need: the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.For quite a long time after man began to live in the realm of nature, he lived in fear of its destructive forces. he used to regard nature with its elemental forces as something hostile to him. And even the forest was something wild and frightening to him. very often ,he was unable to obtain the merest daily necessities though he worked together with others stubbornly and collectively with his imperfect tools , through his interaction with nature , man changed it gradually . he cut down forest , cultivated land , transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed pants and animals. he subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Nonetheless , with the consta expansion of agriculture and industry , man has robbed nature of too much of its irreplaceabl resources , poluted his own living environment and caused about 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years to become extinct and still many others to be endangered . the previous dynamic balance between man and nature is on the verge of breaking down . man is now faced with the problem of how to stop , or at least to moderate the destructive effect of technology on nature . The crisis of the ecological situation has become a global problem . the solution to the problem depends on rational and wise organization both of production itself and care for mother nature . this can only be done by all humanity , rather than by individuals , enterprises or separate countries. 2 Technology is a hot issue nowadays. the defenders of technology stress its advantages while the opponents emphasize its disadvantages. Neither side has ever taken the time to look at the opposite point of view. The defenders of technology hold that with technology peoples living conditions have been greatly improved. For example the boom in productivity has made goods better and cheaper. Therefore ，tings that were once luxuries，such as jet travel and long-distance phone calls have become necessities. Medical technology in particular has benefited us a lot ，especially in prolonging life expectancy. On the other hand，the opponents of technology argue that technology makes life obviously worse. Telemarketing traffic jams and identity theft are all phenomena that make people consciously unhappy. In addition many people believe technology disrupts relationships and fractures community. Ever since the Industrial Revolution the relationship between happiness and technology has been an eternal subject for social critics and philosophers, though economists and social scientists have seldom touched on the topic. However in 1974 the economist Richard Easterlin did groundbreaking work on the relationship between prosperity and well-being. In his famous paper entitled Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot Easterlin showed that there was no real correlation between a nations income level and its citizens happiness in the developed countries. In fact technology is neither good nor bad. It depends on what we want to do with it. Therefore the responsibility belongs exclusively to humans who have to acquire a social conscience to respect human beings nature and its balances.3 According to craig Russell , when we make an initial effort in our personal quests for knowledge , we may not even know that a certain fild of learning exists . but , after we have done some reading ,we will get to know more about the topic .at the same time ,we may feel that all the reading creates more questions rather than answers them . we then realize how little we really know and how much more we need to read and think and write . Russell suggests that we write after reading each time . his experience tells him that it is his writing that has led him to acquire a better grasp of the topic he studies . people may think that only those who know and who are ( sure ) of themselves write . for Russell , however , its just the opposite,for writing doesnt close things off -it opens things up . To say that the more we know , the more we know we dont know seems contradictory .according to Russell , modern physics tells us that reality itself is contradictory . the more closely scientists look into our physical reality , the more it slips away from . in a way , the more they learn , the less they know . Craig Russell believes that a proper understanding will inevitably lead us away from the force and rigidity of dogmatism and toward the flexibility and freedom of the individual. Therefore, we must temper our pride in knowing with the humility of not knowing. the truth always exists there ,but , it is like the rainbow because we can never really grasp it , never hold it in our hands and truly know it . we can only , as William james said , “live today by what truth we can get today and be ready to call it falsehood tomorrow.”4 Most people have work to do. With work, they can enjoy their lives. However people who did physical labor were looked down upon in the past. Many people were compelled to take manual labor because it was an absolute necessity for them to earn a living and to support their families. By contrast, people who did mental work were highly respected. Under the influence of this idea, even today some people still idealize their future when making choices for their career. What they care most about is whether the job can give them enough social status rather than whether they can realize their values in it. In their eyes, those who do manual labor should still be classified as inferior in social status.In fact, there is no essential difference between those who work with their hands and those who work with their mind. Whether a job is labor or work does not depend on the job itself but on peoples attitude toward it. As long as you like your job, you will think you are fortunate enough to take it and you will do it enthusiastically.5 What dose success mean to you ? does it mean wealth , fame , power , or something else ? different people have different in life so they understand success in different ways . some people chase money their whole lives .to them, more money means more success . some people run after fame . With fame and reputation, they can gain the admiration and love of many others. However, some people dedicate themselves to the well-being of society. Doubtlessly, money is something that can be used as a reward to those who have done valuable work. Those who perform their work excellently should be paid sufficiently. But success cannot be measured in monetary terms, nor in terms of the amount of power one may exercise over others. After all, money and power can assure people neither of happiness nor of respect from others. Fame, too, is a flawed measure of success. Momentary fame can bring great joy to those who have it for a time. but they are very likely to become the slaves of their celebrity because of the publics demands .in addition , they will easily become the target of everyone who disagrees with them and of the media as well .to be frank , if one is unable to fully enjoy life and liberty , the short-lived success is nothing but illusory Therefore, to achieve the right kind of success is vitally important. as long as one can combines his own material needs and spiritual satisfaction with those of the well-beings of society , he should be held in high regard.6 . Truth is a fact accept as true, for which proof exists .Truth is a great principle , without which beauty may fade and love may wither . Those who uphold truth have a strong sense of responsibility. Those who hold firmly to truth are faithful to their duty and the people they serve .they commit themselves to the well-being of others. With aspirations to make a contribution to society, they are ready to correct their own mistakes , If any . it can be said that they are men of moral integrity who never ask for gratitude in return. Truth dawns upon us slowly but surely .in the long quest for truth, people have (accumulated) precious knowledge and experience. However, truth also needs nourishment just as plants need water, because many people are too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the great beauty of truth when it flowers or they frequently fail to appreciate truth when it is tendered. In short, truth is an invaluable asset to the whole of humanity. Stick to the truth and we will weave a timeless pattern, and earn the respect and esteem of others , elevate the world today above its present imperfections and place ourselves in the proud position of promoting the good of the humanity.7. we often hear people say，time is money .But today many Americans have come to realize that the crazy pursuit of money is leavings them too little time to enjoy life .they are tired of working just for the luxuries of life and beginning to change their fast-paced lifestyles for a simple and frugal one ,hoping to keep family ,friends, work and play all of a piece .For some people, creating a more balanced life involves changing jobs o locations .For others, it means trading two incomes for one, in which case they must curtail expenses. So some have sold out their splendid homesick and moved into smaller houses. They have given up the extra cars, unnecessary modern conveniences, and expensive hobbies .They now do things by themselves to avoid paying for the services of others .They resist the temptation to purchase things on impulse and spend money only on bare necessities and things that do not make wasteful use of the earth's resources .However ,they do not deny themselves what they like or enjoy .The change in their lifestyle is not one involving deprivation ;it is just simplification .They believe that they can still live a happy and fulfilling life on less money .Indeed ,whether we maintain a healthy lifestyle or not does not depend on how wealthy we are but on whether we have the resolve and courage to discard our old consumption habits .8. The story of an Hour leaves us much to think about .In the story ,when Richardson ,who worked in the newspaper office ,learned that his friend Brently Mallard had been killed in a railroad disaster, he was greatly shocked .he only waited until he was assured by a second telegram and then he hastened to go to Josephine ,sister of Brently's wife ,and asked her to break the news as gently as possible to her sister because he knew MRS. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble .He was afraid that if someone less tender brought the message to her ahead of him ,there might be dreadful consequences.People usually expect a wife to accept such sad news with a paralyzed inability ,but MRS.MALLARD did not .At the news ,she wept at once ,with sudden ,wild abandonment in her sister's arms ,and then she went to her own room ,forbidding anyone else to go in. When she was alone ,she felt something subtle coming to her ,which gradually came to her mind ,beginning to possess her. Hard as she tried ,she couldn't get rid of the feeling .What was it ?She didn't know .However ,a clear and excited perception occupied her which made her regard her husband's death no longeron as something important ,because beyond that bitter moment she saw a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely ,during which her husband would not impose his will upon her any more .Just at that moment ,her husband came back ,travel-stained carrying his briefcase and umbrella .Seeing him ,she died of a sudden heart attack .