2022年英语虚拟语气 .pdf

虚拟语气5.1虚拟语气(一)5.1.1常规虚拟语气与现在事实相反：If I were in your shoes,I would act differently.If I had enough money,I would run a company of my own.与过去事实相反：You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.If the flowers had been planted earlier,they would have been in bloom for the garden party last week.If he had not been promoted,he would never have remained with the company.与将来事实相反：If I should win the lottery,I would buy a car.If he were to come here,how would you tell him about this?5.1.2混合时间虚拟句If you had not helped them,they would still be in New York now.If I had studied English at school,I could read The English novel now.If I knew your E-mail address,I would have sent E-mail to you last night.(Even now I still don t know your E-mail address and I can t send it.)If she were not so careless,she wouldn t have made such a mistake.(Being careless is part of her nature and she can never change it.)If I were not busy,I would have come with you.(I am still busy now.)5.1.3倒装虚拟句Had he not been promoted,he would never have remained with the company.Should I win the lottery,I would buy a car.Were he to leave today,he would get there by Monday.If I had money,不能倒装成：Had I money,5.1.4含蓄虚拟句But for their help,I would not have finished the task.But for the sun,there could be no life on the earth.But that the doctor arrived on time that day(不用虚拟),they would have been dead.(用虚拟)改成if But that he neededmoney desperately,he would never have turned tohis 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 5 页 -brother for help.改成if If it were not for要不是If it had not been for要不是_ the sun,there could be no life on earth.A.Were it not for B.If it were not C.Were it not D.But that What would I have done without you?In his position,I would commit suicide.Before liberation,such floods would have caused terrible disaster.Given more time,I would have been able to finish the test.This same thing,happening in wartime,would amount to disaster.5.1.5跳层虚拟句He would put on weight,but he doesnt eat much.(不用didn t)(If he ate much,he would put on weight.)He could not have bought that limousine,but he inherited a big fortune from his father.(If he had not inheriteda big fortune from his father,he couldn t have bought that limousine.)主语+would do,but+主语+一般现在时 对现在事实的虚拟主语+would have done,but+主语+一般过去时 对过去事实的虚拟I didn t know the extent of his difficulty,or else I would have promised to help him.I forget where I read the article,or I would show it to you now.Mary couldn t have received my letter,otherwise she would have repliedbefore now.5.2虚拟语气（二）5.2.1一坚持、二命令、三建议、四要求insist;order,command;advise,suggest,propose;ask,demand,require,request The general ordered that his troops(should)move on to the front.They require that visitors(should)not smoke in the workshop.补充：beg,decide,determine,move,prefer,recommend,urge,desire His father urged that he study medicine.注意：suggest“暗示，说明”,insist“坚持认为”用直陈式His puzzled expression suggested that he didn t understand.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 5 页 -I insisted that I had taken the early train that morning.Jane s pale face suggested that she _ill,and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A.be;should have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has The young man insisted that he_ nothing wrong and_ free.A.did;set B.had done;should be set C.do;be set D.had done;must be set Some insisted that we_ an English evening at weekend,yet some insisted that they _ no interest in it at all.A.should hold;take B.were going to hold;show C.hold;took D.would hold;would show 十个动词相对应的名词His suggestion is that we(should)climb all the way to the top of the hill.He made the suggestion that we(should)climb all the way to the top of the hill.5.2.2 It is+形容词或过去分词或特定的名词+thatIt is essential that people be psychologically able to resist the impact brought about by the transition from planned economy to market economy.It is necessary that a high school student(should)master a foreign language.It is important that we(should)have a good knowledge of history and geography.It is natural that I should dwell upon his successes rather than upon his failures.It is usual that.It is requested that all members be present at the meeting.It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.常见形容词：advisable,appropriate,crucial,desirable(可取的),imperative,urgent,vital,normal,proper,preferable 5.3 虚拟语气（三）It is a pity/strange/surprising/no wonder that从句谓语动词用虚拟语气should do(should不可省略)，表遗憾、惊奇、怀疑、不满或欣慰等语气。从句谓语动词也可用直陈式，但感情色彩就减弱得多。It is surprising that he is so foolish as to believe her lie.It is surprising that he should be so foolish as to believe her lie.It is a pity that he turned down my offer.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 5 页 -It is a pity that he should have turned down my offer.(表过去已发生的动作)I never expected that the problem should be so difficult.It s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.I m sorry that she should be in such poor health.It s astonishing/amazing that she should say that sort of thing to you.5.4 虚拟语气（四）5.4.1 wish 1.I wish I were ten years younger.We wished we could fly like birds.How I wished I didn t have so much homework.2.I wish I hadn t taken the course.They wished that they had seized the good chance then.3.I wish that we would have a good harvest this year.They wished that more aid would be sent to that area.注意：hope,expect 后用直陈式I hope/expect that my dream will come true.(可能实现)I wish that my dream would come true.(不大可能实现)5.4.2 as if/as though 的思维方式与wish相同5.4.3 I d rather+从句（would rather/would just as soon/would sooner/would prefer）I d rather you didn t speak rudely to her.I d rather you hadn t spoken rudely to her.Don t come tomorrow.I d rather you came next weekend.(不用would come)She says she d rather he left tomorrow instead of today.(不用would leave)注意：would rather do than do,would do rather than do,prefer doing to doing,prefer to do rather than do 5.4.4if only与only if if only“要是就好了”(虚拟)if only“只要”（直陈）If only he had a sense of humour.If only you do your best,you can learn English well.If only I hadn t lost my pass.if only是对if引导的虚拟语气的加强，only可后移至主要动词前If only you agreed to help me next week,I would not be so nervous.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 5 页 -only if“只有”（直陈）Only if you work hard,you ll succeed.5.4.5It is(high/about)time thatIt is(high)time that we left.It is(high)time that she went to bed.5.4.6 lest/for fear that/in case“以免、以防万一”I ll stay in the hotel in case there should be a telephone call.Take an umbrella with you lest it should rain.5.4.7祝愿语气Long live the people s republic of China!May the spirit of Lei Feng live on forever!May you be happy.5.4.8“本打算”mean,intend,think,plan,hope,wish,propose A.was/were to have done B.planned to have done C.had planned to do D.had been planning to doE.would love/like to have done F.had better have done G.was/were going to do I meant to have telephoned,but I forgot.I was to have visited you last night.I had intended to see you,but I was busy.Youve all handed in your sheets,haven t you?Sorry,sir,but my earphone didnt work.Really?You d better have informed me then.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 5 页 -