高考英语二轮复习：限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别讲义（素材）.doc

2022年高考英语语法讲解定语从句 限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别和用法一、 句法功能、表现形式不同定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句不可缺少先行词，去掉它主句意思往往就不明确了，它与主句之间通常不用逗号分开；非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。如：Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? （限制性定语从句）English is an important subject, which every student should study well. （非限制性定语从句）二、 先行词不尽相同限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词，但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至是整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句一般由which或as引导，as引导非限制性定语从句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等结构中。如：He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.三、 关系词的使用情况有所不同1 that 不可引导非限制性定语从句。如：Her father gave her a computer for her birthday，which pleased her a lot.2 why 不用在非限制性定语从句中，需用for which代替。如：I told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the party last week.3 关系代词替代情况不同关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who代替。如：This is the girl whom (who) I have been in love with for six years.The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for.4 关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略；非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。如：She is the new student (whom / who / that) I want to introduce to you.All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.四、 下列情形用非限制性定语从句1. 当“不定数量词 (如some, several)  数词  of which whom”表示“整体 (which whom)中的一部分”的概念时。如：We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigersThere are fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada.2. 当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如：My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.Qingdao, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners.区别一：形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 区别二：功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 区别三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。I've invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 区别四：含义不同比较下面的两个句子：I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 区别五：先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 区别六：关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。