高中英语二轮专题语法学习复习讲义虚拟语气语法讲义05虚拟语气的基本概念和类型知识点总结.docx

高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义05【精讲版·全国通用】虚拟语气的基本概念和类型知识点总结（含错综时间虚拟条件句、错综时间虚拟条件句简介）英语虚拟语气的基本概念和类型 一、英语虚拟语气的基本概念英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望：He was nice to us. 他对我们很友好。(陈述语气)Don't be in such a hurry.不要如此匆忙。 (祈使语气)It is important that he work hard. 他用功是很重要的。(虚拟语气)If he had apologized, you should have done so too. 如果他道歉了，你也应当道歉。(虚拟语气) 二、英语虚拟语气的基本类型1. 与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：If she were trying harder, her parents wouldnt be so anxious. 如果她现在更用功些，她的父母也不会这么忧虑了。(可惜他并不用功)If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)2. 与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如：If Id seen you, I'd have said hello. 如果我看见你了，我会和你打招呼的。(不巧我没看见你)If they had invited him to the party, he would have attended it. 如果他们邀请了他参加晚会，他是会参加的。(但他们没邀请他)3. 与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。（但你还没有成功）If I asked him, Im sure hed help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句，比如将条件隐含在不定式短语中，将条件隐含在分词短语中，将条件隐含在介词短语中，将条件隐含在名词短语中，将条件隐含在某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中，将条件隐含在定语从句中，将条件隐含在一定的上下文中，等等。如：To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=if you have studied harder, you)Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed this time, what)Without air, no one could live. 没有空气，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would)I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting)Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=If you read all these papers, It would take too long)1. 将条件隐含在不定式短语中I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。(=I should be happy if I could go with you.)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=If you have studied harder, you)2. 将条件隐含在分词短语中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he )Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed dthis time, what)Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中走，玛丽会感十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she)3. 将条件隐含在介词短语中Without air, no one could live. 没有空气，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)But for his help, he would have failed. 要不是有他的帮助，他就会失败了。(=It it hadnt been for his help, he would have failed.)4. 将条件隐含在名词短语中A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would)A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you)5. 将条件隐含在某些连词中I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)6. 将条件隐含在定语从句中Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting)7. 将条件隐含在一定的上下文中Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=If you read all these papers, It would take too long)错综时间虚拟条件句 什么叫错综时间虚拟条件句？所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。注：条件从句用 if I were时，既可指现在也可指过去。如：If I were you, I would go. 假若我是你，我就去。If I were not busy, I would have come. 假若我不忙，我早就来了。也可用 if I had been you也表示过去。如：If I had been you，Id have taken the job. 我要是你，我就接受那份工作了。所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：If you had listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。（从句指过去，主句指现在）If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。（从句指过去，主句指现在）You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。（从句指过去，主句指现在）