非谓语动词做状语.doc

非谓语动词做状语一、不定式作状语（目的，结果，原因，程度）1.表目的 Eg：He worked day and night to get the money. 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： （ )To save money, every means has been tried. ( )To save money, he has tried every means.2.表结果（表示意外的，未曾预料到的结果） Eg：We hurried all the way to the airport, only_  that the flight had been called off because of the foggy weather.        Abeing told        Bto be told        Chaving told        Dto have been told3.表原因 Eg：They were very sad to hear the news.4.表程度 Eg：Its too dark for us to see anything.5.作独立成分 Eg：To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked.二、现在分词做状语，过去分词做状语（相当于一个状语从句）现在分词做状语1.作时间状语 Hearing the bad news, they couldn't help crying. 2.作原因状语 Being so angry,he couldn't go to sleep.3.作方式状语，表示伴随 He sat on the sofa, watching TV. =He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.) 他们笑着谈着走进了教室。4.作结果状语He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.=He dropped the glass, so it broke into pieces.5.作让步状语Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.6.作条件状语(If)Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.巩固练习 1. Because he was ill,he didnt go to school yesterday. 2. Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.三、过去分词做状语1.表示原因Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 2.表示时间Once seen, it can never be forgotten.3.表示条件Given more time, Ill be able to do it better.4.表示让步Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。四. 独立主格分词做状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。例：  Seen from the hill，the village seems quite small.  Seeing from the hill，you can find the village quite small.  如果其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，就需要在分词前加上自己的逻辑主语，使其变成一个独立主格结构。例如：  The boy having finished his exercises，the teacher let him away.  The exercises done，the students went home.巩固练习1.Given more time, we could do it better.2. when it is seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden.五. 连词+verb-ing/ed在英语中，我们用分词或分词短语作状语，表时间，地点，让步和条件。我们也可用连词+分词/分词这一结构，相当于一个状语从句。 E.g When crossing the street, look out for the cars. = If heated, water changes into vapor. =六. 1. 不定式的时态与语态 1)      不定式的一般式to do表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生 He woke up to find everybody gone. 2)      不定式的完成式to have done表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前 I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.2. v-ing的时态与语态 1) V-ing的一般式doing表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 2.)V-ing的完成式having done表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前 3. 动词的-ed形式作状语时,在句中往往 表示时间、结果、原因、条件、 方式、让步等。 注意：“be+ 过去分词” 短语在句中出现时，改为非谓语动词作状语时，常用该动词的过去分词作状语 be caught in   be lost in   be dressed in    be seated    be hidden   be worn out   be faced with   be determined to do 非谓语动词的时态、语态  主           动被        动一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式不定式to doto be doingto have donetobe doneto have been donev-ingdoing/having donebeing donehavingbeen done过去分词done4. 总结1. 非谓语作状语(主动/被动)解题关键：主语与所填动词的主被动关系确定用V-ing/过去分词/ 不定式的主被动动式2. 非谓语作状语(一般式/完成式) 解题关键：   a. 如果和谓语动词几乎同时发生或紧接着发生用一般式   b. 如果两个动作明显有先后/一个动作完成后另一动作才发生，用完成式。 E.g _ (finish) his work, he went home. 3 注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语.  Finding her car stolen, _.     A. a policeman was asked to help        B. the area was searching thoroughly   C. it was looked for everywhere          D. she hurried to a policeman for help 三、巩固练习1.  -What's the matter with you?-_the window, my finger was cut unexpectedly. A. Cleaning     B. To clean    C. While cleaning     D. While I was cleaning2. . For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only _ to come again the next day.  A. to tell         B. telling           C. to be told         D. being told3. The sun was shining brightly, _ everything there _ more beautiful. A. making; look          B. to make; looked  C. and making; looking   D. and making; look4. During the discussion Fred kept silent, _ to others _ attentively. A. listening; speak     B. listening; to speak  C. listened; speaking   D. to listen; to speak5.  _ you the truth, we don ' t want to do the job at all.  A. Telling        B. To tell       C. Tell           D. Told6. _ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting         B. To wait        C. Having Waited        D. To have waited 7. _around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shown    B. To be shown    C. Having been shown    D. To show 8.  _to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead  A. Fail    B. Failed     C. To fail     D. Having failed9. _  the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. A. Having searched     B. To search      C. Searching      D. Search 10. _ the project as planned, we will have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C completed D. To complete