高考英语阅读理解长难句分析.doc

高考英语阅读理解长难句分析Step 1Do you know the sentence structure of the following sentences?The telephone rang. 主语 + 谓语：She is reading a novel. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：He put the vase on the table. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语：The meeting lasted for two hours 主语 + 谓语 + 状语：A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语：Step 2Try to understand the long sentences! 1. If the bees had stayed in Brazil, this would have been bad enough. But now they are on the move, heading northward in countless millions towards Central and North America.2. It was not unusual to see children doing the work of adults in great many rural areas.3. Harry was a capable lawyer, but it was difficult for him to live up to the reputation established by his more brilliant father.英语中的长句为英语的一大难点，难度存在于： 1. 句子结构复杂，句子太长 2. 句子除了主干之外还包含一些附加成分，如插入语，同位语，分隔现象，各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语分析方法： 1. 判断是否为常用句式更好地理解！ 2. 判断该句是简单句，并列句还是复杂句 3. 找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语 4. 分清句子的附属成分Step 3复杂单句的分析方法：剥洋葱法！ 1. 找出句子各个成分，把它分为若干单元 2. 跳读修饰成分或附加成分 3. 找出句子主干并理解其意 4. 然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分 句子中的单元： 1. who, which, when, where, whose， that 等关系词-特别当心定语从句！ 2. if, unless, although, though-状语！ 3. 介词短语 4. to do 不定式 5. 逗号中间 6. 逗号，v-ing-当心状语！ 7. 分隔符中间 -········-4. But it will be the drivers responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front  unless they are  wearing a seat belt of some kind.但是司机有责任确保14岁以下的孩子不要坐在前排，除非他们系好了安全带。5. HTS(Half The Sky foundation) sent its volunteers to help start the program a month ago. Janice Cotton, a specialist in child development and early education, started training Chinese nannies, teaching them to provide stimulation, individual attention and an active learning environment for orphans.Step 4 并列句分析方法： 1. 找出并列连词 2. 根据并列连词的意思，理清句子的关系 3. 理解句意4. 常见连词： and， so, for, as, therefore， but, yet ,while, although, though， not onlybut also bothand， neithernor eitheror， wouldrather than 5. What do the volunteers of HTS do to help start the program?a. Training Chinese nanniesb. Teaching nannies to provide stimulation, individual attention for childrenc. Creating an active learning environment for childrend. All of the above6. We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.我们知道你们很看重你们在大学里面教育的学习方法，而且我们的年轻人与你们生活的花费即使对于你们来说也不便宜。 7. The native people said that they knew of this creature and called it the yeti, and they said they had _ caught Yeties on two occasions though none has ever been produced.(NMET) A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probablyStep 5主从复合句 分析方法： 1. 分清主句从句 2. 分清从句性质 3. 理解句意8. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didnt care if you have values or were flexible(灵活的, 可变通的 ).我就上了这样的大学，自以为比那些在工程“工厂”里的学生有更大的优势，在那里根本没人管你是否价值，是否灵活。9. He was something out of an ancient legend（传奇人物）, this old craftman（手艺人） with his way of speaking familiarly, his every strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent from who-knows-where and, above all, his pride in his craft. 9. The sentence He was something out of an ancient legend implies that_. a. nowadays you can hardly find anyone like him. b. it was very difficult to communicate with this man c. He was very strange d. the man was too old综合练习10. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why healthy farmers in northern Japan  appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.Taiju Matsuzawa 教授想找出为什么日本北部的健康农民在相对年轻的年龄就显得开始失去思考与推理的能力的原因以及怎样才能延缓老化过程。11. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem（定理） had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique（伊科尔理工学院）. （NMET）这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。12. Question: The underlined word “daunting” most probably means _. A. discouraging B. interesting C. creative D. unbearable When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standard-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. 13. The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to themessage. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. (NMET2009)13. The underlined word deter in para 3 most probably means_ a. discourage b. remove c. benegit d. free14. A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it thenselves well enough to explain. (NMET2009)14. In the opinion of most parents,_. a. economics should be the focus of school teaching b. more students should be admitted to universtities c. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened d. children should solve financial problems themselves15.This defence of excellence and opportunities would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her schools reputation, unable to compete for enployment with the child from the favoured school.15. What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author? a. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation b. There would be more opportunities and excellence c. Children from poor families would be able to change their schools d. Childrens job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.16. In order to express their love for oxen, peole in some other areas will run to shake off diseases on the 16th day to the first month by the lunar calendar, and during their run they will take their oxen along, which indicates they regard the creature as human. (NMET2009)16. From the paragraph, we know that_. a. oxen are no more important today than in the past. b. ceremonies are held when people cook cattle bone soup c. oxen are treated as human in some areas of China. d. people run with oxen to shake off diseases every month17. Warning people of this danger is very important if we are to prevent the great loss of life seen many years ago. Indeed if the Flood Warning system that currantly exists had been around on that cold, stormy night in January 1953, many lives would have been spared.17. Choose the correct statements from the following according to the passage. a. Some lives were saved by the Flood Warning System in 1953 b. The Flood Warning system was not in use in 1953 c. Flood defences can stop all flooding. d. Many people could benefit from the Flood Warning system in 195318. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarcica. 18. The underlined words tipping points most probably refer to _. (NMET2009) a. freezing points b. burning points c. melting points d. boiling points 强化练习1. Practice: (PMET GD 2006) 1. Whether the final consequences of such an experiment will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen.2.These are times when nothing is important but the bottom line, when you can do things any old way, when, in short, people look on work as a path to ever-increasing consumption rather than a way to realize their own abilities. 3.(2006) In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done.4.(2006)What makes this class differ from the lower class is, first, longer periods of employmentand therefore, more fixed incomesand, second, employment in skilled or semiskilled occupations, not unskilled ones.5.(2007)Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past.6.(2007) For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical very cheap and easy to make.7. (2008) It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you cant move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself.8.(2008) The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objectives, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image.9.(2008) The issue is not the accuracy of Tolstoys descriptionit seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts: other things that could be said of the man are not said.10.(2008)To have ones ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why dont you say anything?” said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect anyone but himself, Napoleon. General reading strategies(策略) for students:1. Read phrase by phrase, rather than word by word.2. Dont try to understand every word in a text.3. Focus on the important information which helps you answer the questions, read the rest quickly.4. Use background knowledge to help understand the text.5. Make full use of the four options（选项） to guide you.6. Read the questions first. Reading with a purpose counts.5