英语动词变化规律、发音及不规则动词表以及名词变复数(附音标).doc
一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则：1.一般情况加 s ： book- books mouth-mouths house-houses girl-girls2.以 s 、 sh 、 ch 、 x结尾的加 es ： class- classes box-boxes match-matches 3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 i加es： city-cities country-countries party-parties factory-factories 4.以 o 结尾的词 +es的只有以下词 ：heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)5.以f， fe 结尾的 变f或fe为v +es ： thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelf（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es;如：study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，如：He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is（四）动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法： 1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting 2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing。 live-living, write-writing，make-making,take-taking3、 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个字母再加-ing 。sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting4、少数几个以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing。 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律1、一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： work -worked play-played wanted-wanted act-acted 2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop -stopped 5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。过去式“-ed”的发音规则 （1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/ id /音， want wanted （要）need needed （需要） （2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/ t / 音。 help helped （帮助）laugh laughed （笑）look looked （看） kiss kissed （吻）wash washed （洗） watch watched （注视） （3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/ d /音。 call called （叫）staystayed （停留）crycried （哭）英语不规则动词记忆表1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上,闭起,停止营业2.AAB动词原形过去式过去分词 beatbi:tbeatbi:tbeaten'bi:tn打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebi'kmbecamebi'keimbecomebi'km变comekmcamekeimcomekm来runrnranrænrunrn跑4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hang'hæhanged/hunghhanged/hung绞死，悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习light'laitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃,照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/proved'pru:vn证明,证实,试验shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun,n使照耀，使发光showushowedshowed/shown'un展示,给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻,嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/woken'wukn醒来，叫醒,激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:'bildrebuilt,ri:'biltrebuilt,ri:'bilt改建,重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形oughtought动词原形过去式过去分词bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t带来buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t买fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4)原形aughtaught动词原形过去式过去分词catchkætcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdidugddugd掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现，找到getetgottgot/gotten'tn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引导,带领,领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsatsætsatsæt坐shootu:tshottshott射击spitspitspit/spatspætspit/spatspæt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插进,刺入,粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn赢（6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feel'fi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋,放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standstændstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,nd'stændunderstood,nd'stænd明白loselu:zlostlst,l:stlostlst,l:st失去havehvhadhæd,hd,dhadhæd,hd,d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld卖tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告诉retell,ri:'telretold,ri:'tuldretold,ri:'tuld重讲，重复，复述5.ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blowblublewblu:blown吹drivedraivdrovedruvdrivendrivn驾驶drawdr:drewdru:drawndr:n画画eati:tateet,eiteaten'i:tn吃fallf:lFellfelfallen'f:ln落下giveivgaveeivgiven'ivn给growrugrewru:grownrun生长forgivef'ivforgotf'tforgiven原谅,饶恕knownuknewnju:,nu:known知道mistakemi'steikmistookmi'stukmistooken弄错;误解,overeat'uv'i:toverate,uv'reitovereaten(使)吃过量provepru:vprovedproven/proved证明,证实,试验taketeiktooktuktaken'teikn,'teikn拿throwruthrewru:thrownrun,'run抛，扔rideraidroderudridden'ridn骑seesi:saws:seensi:n看见showushowedshowed/shown'un展示writeraitwroterutwritten'ritn写（2）原形过去式过去式+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词breakbreikbrokebrukbroken'brukn打破choosetu:zchosetuzchosen'tuzn选择getetgottgot/gotten'tn得到hidehaidhidhidhidden'hidn隐藏forgetf'etforgotf'tforgottenf'tn忘记freezefri:zfrozefruzfrozen'fruzn冷冻,结冰，感到严寒speakspi:kspokespukspoken'spukn说stealsti:lstolestolen'stuln偷(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。iau动词原形过去式过去分词beginbi'inbeganbi'ænbegunbi'n开始drinkdrikdrankdrækdrunkdrk喝singsisangsæsungs唱sinksiksanksæksunksk下沉,沉没swimswimswamswæmswumswm游泳ringrirangrærungr打电话（4）其它动词原形过去式过去分词be(am,is,are)was/werebeen是bearbboreb:born/borneb:n负担,忍受dodu:,du:diddiddonedn做flyflaiflewflu:flownflun飞gouwentwentgonen去lielailayleilainlein躺wearwworew:wornw:n穿8
