Chapter2英语基本句型.doc
Chapter 2 英语基本句型英语是一种结构型的语言,以谓语动词为核心构成各种句型。总结如下:1、主系表结构 / S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表) 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的:be, seem, feel, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的:stay, keep;3.表示状态变化的:become, get, turn, go, grow;如:Our Chinese teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. The potatoes went bad in the fields. 巩固练习1:1在冬季,白天短,夜晚长。be _2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。become ; pianist_3孩子们很少保持安静。 seldom;quiet_4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 in the kindergarten_2、主谓结构 / S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓) 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如: The sun rises. Tom has already left.此种句型中,主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. They had to travel by air or boat. 3. He came back when we were eating.巩固练习2:1她昨天回家很晚。very late _2会议将持续两个小时。 last _3每天八时开始上课。classes; begin_3、主谓宾结构 / S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾) 本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如:1. Tom made a hole in the wall.2. They havent decided where to go.3. She stopped teaching English two years ago.巩固练习3:1昨晚我写了一封信。letter_2这本书他读过多次了。 have read_3他们终于完成了这个计划。 project_4 、双宾语结构 / S (主) + VT(谓)+ InO(间接宾)+ DO(直接宾)此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成。如:He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。如:He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等;(需借助for 的)buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。巩固练习4:1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。teach sb. sth.= teach sth. to sb. ; German_2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb._3请你为我们唱首歌好吗?Would you please? sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb._5、 复合宾语结构 / S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾)+ O C(宾补)此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可用作宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,动名词等。如:The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. They made Tom monitor. He likes to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语V+it+宾补+真正宾语如:I found it very pleasant to be with your family.巩固练习5:1我们叫她Alice. call sb. _ 4我要你把真相告诉我。 want sb. to do sth. ; the truth_5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 soldier , order sb. to do sth. ; immediately_6、 There be 句型 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, arrive等。如:There stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time,there lived an old king in the town.be与其后的主语在人称和数量上要一致,有时态和数量变化。如: 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be;there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 巩固练习6:1这个村子过去只有一口井。 a well_2客人当中有两名美国人和两名日本人。 among the guests_3下午将有大风。 a strong wind_4灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。 someoneThe light is still on. _ 4