牛津上海版八上chapter 6《nobody wins(part ⅰ)》word学习辅导材料.doc
中小学教育资源站（http:/www.edudown.net)，百万资源免费下载，无须注册！上海版牛津英语 8A 第六章 学习辅导材料(11.11)学习新词语take place 短语动词 意思是“发生；进行” 例如：An accident took place at this crossing last week. 这个十字路口上周发生了一起事故。The Food Festival will take place on Sunday, rain or shine. 食品节将于星期日举行，风雨无阻。 词义辨析：take place 和 happen (1) take place 可表示“发生；举行；举办”的意思，一般用于非偶然性发生的事件，即事件的发生有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. 在过去的十年中，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing in August 2008. 2008年奥运会于2008年8月在北京举行。 (2) happen 作“发生；碰巧”解，一般用于偶然性或突发性事件。例如：Maybe something unexpected happened. 大概有什么出乎意料的事情发生了。I happened to see him on my way home. (= It happened that I saw him on the way home.) 我回家的路上碰巧遇到了他。lost adj. 迷路的；迷失的 例如：We always got lost in London. 我们在伦敦老是迷路。词义拓展：除了上面的含义外，lost 这个词用法较多，例如： (1) 丢失的；丧失的：Your letter must have got lost in the post. 你的信件一定是在邮寄过程中遗失的。 (2) 无法再得到的；无法再造的：She is trying to recapture her lost youth. 她试图追回逝去的青春。 (3) 不知所措；迷惘：I felt so lost after my mother died. 母亲去世后，我觉得茫然无措。rock n. 岩石；石头 注意：rock 一词表示“石子；石头”的意思时，是可数名词，而作“岩石，岩层”解释时，是不可数名词。比较： That boy threw a rock at me. 男孩朝我扔了一块石子。（rock是可数名词） They drilled through several layers of rock to reach the oil. 他们钻透了几层岩石才找到石油。（rock是不可数名词） 词义拓展：rock v. 摆动；摇动；摇晃 例如：The boat was rocking on the lake. 小船在湖面上微微摇晃。 I rocked the baby until she fell asleep. 我轻轻地摇着婴儿，直到她睡着。 联想：rock music 摇滚乐storey n. 楼层 例如：Our flat is on the 15th floor of a building with 32 storeys. 我们的公寓在第16层，整幢楼高为32层。 近义词：floor n. 楼层 词义辨析：storey 和 floor 这两个词都表示楼层，但用法不同。如果指第几层时，一般用floor，同时指每一层室内行走的地面。如果表示楼房一共有多少层时，一般用storey。例如：This is a ten-storey building. 这是一栋10层的楼房。I live on the ground floor. 我住在一楼。except conj. 除了；只是 例如：Our bikes are the same except mine was red.我们的自行车是一样的，除了我那辆是红色的。 词性拓展：except 作介词时，也可以表示“除了”的意思。以下几个作比较的例子是有关作介词使用的except。 词义辨析：except 和 besides except 表示“除之外”，有排他的含义；而besides表示“除还有”，有附加的含义。例如： He gets up early every day except Sunday. 他每天早起，但星期天例外。 They all get up early besides John. 除了约翰，其他人也都早起。 词义辨析：except for 与 except except for 表示“除开”的部分与其它事物通常不是同类，而except 则为同类事物。例如： This article is easy to understand except for some idiomatic expressions. 这篇文章除了几处惯用语外，是很容易理解的。 Except this one, the other articles are easy to understand. 除了这篇文章外，其他的文章都简单易懂。 注意：介词but 也可以表示“除之外”的意思，与except 一样含有排他的含义。but 后可接带to的动词不定式作宾语。但是，当句子中的主要动词是属于to do 一类动词时，则but 后面用不带to 的动词不定式。可以用这样的口诀来记忆：“介词but前如有do, 后面不定式不带to；介词but前没有do，后面的不定式要带to。”例如：I couldnt do anything but sit there and hope. 除了坐等和祈祷之外，我别无其他可做。Then it had no choice but to lie down and sleep. 那他就别无选择，只好躺下来睡觉。trust v. 信任；相信 例如：Dont trust him hes not telling the truth. 不要相信他，他没说真话。 反义词：distrust v. 不信任；不相信 词义辨析：believe 和 trust (1) trust 多用来表示“相信某人的品德、为人和能力等”，和in连用时意思是“深信其可靠性”。例如： We have always trusted him. 我们一直相信他的为人。 Do you trust in the man in blue over there? 你信任那边穿蓝衣服的那个人吗？ (2) believe 侧重于“相信某人说的话”，后接in 时表示“信仰、信奉（真理、原则、宗教等）”。例如： Dont believe what the boy says. 不要相信这个男孩的话。 They believe in truth. 他们相信真理。offer v. 主动提议；给予 词义拓展：offer 作动词的用法较多，简单举例如下： (1) 意思是“（主动）拿给；给予”，相当于give， 后可接名词或代词作宾语，也可接双宾语，即 offer sb. sth. 或offer sth. to sb. 。例如： The young man offered an old man his own seat on the bus. 那个小伙子在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了一个老人。 (2) 意思是“提出；表示”。例如：Johnson offered a new suggestion. 约翰逊提出了一个新建议。We all went to offer congratulations. 我们都前去表示祝贺。 (3) 意思是“主动提出做某事”，后接不定式。例如：He offered to drive us to the airport. 他主动提出开车送我们去机场。She offered to lend me her bike. 她主动提出将自行车借给我。 (4) 意思是“出售；出价”。例如：offer sth. for (money) 以多少钱出售某物：The next morning we offered our boat for only 60 dollars. 第二天上午我们主动提出仅以60美元出售我们的船。offer sb. (money) for sth. / to buy sth. 出价多少购买某物：They offered him 3,000 yuan to buy his laptop. 他们愿出3000元购买他的笔记本电脑。语 法 知 识A)一般将来时：一般将来时主要表示将来发生的动作和情况。一般将来时的表示方法主要有以下两种：1. will/shall + 动词原形（现在一般用will 代替shall）例如：Tomorrow my family will have our dinner at 7:00 p.m.明天我们家会在下午七点钟吃晚饭。 I will (shall) prepare for the English exam. 我会准备英语考试的。2. be (am, is, are) going to + 动词原形，表示现在计划好将来要做的事或将来可能发生的事，突出主观意图。例如：I am going to write to Mary this evening. 今晚我要写信给玛丽。（计划要做的事） Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那些乌云，暴风雨就要来了。（有迹象要发生的事）注意：（1）be going to 不能单纯表示将来的自然趋势或必然结果：例如：I am going to be twenty next year. (错误) I will (shall) be twenty next year. (正确) 我明年就要二十岁了。 Tomorrow is going to be the 20th of September. （错误） Tomorrow will be the 20th of September. （正确） 明天是九月二十号。 （2）意为“意图”、“打算”、“安排”等时，常用现在进行时表示将来，常用的词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等表示位置变化等情况的动词。例如：He is leaving tomorrow. 他明天要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你们会一直待到下个星期吗？ Im going to Shanghai Museum this Saturday. 星期六我要去上海博物馆。 He is coming to visit us this afternoon. 今天下午他要来看我们。 （3）在时间状语从句及条件状语从句中，主句如果是一般将来时，则从句要用一般现在时代替将来时。（主将从现）例如：I will tell you everything as soon as I get home. 我一到家就会告诉你所有的一切。 If you tell me, I will keep it as a secret. 如果你告诉我，我会保密的。B)介词 at, on, in 表示时间的用法：1. 在以next, last, this, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow, ago 等时间状语前一般不加介词。例如：I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday. 我前天到了北京。 I am going to visit Mr Smith tomorrow. 我明天要去拜访斯密斯先生。2. at 通常用于： 确切的时间前：at 7:30, at a quarter past six 用餐时间前：at lunch time 表示在一段节日期间：at Christmas 固定词组搭配：at dawn, at night, at midnight, at noon, at that time, at the moment3. on 通常用于： 星期：on Friday, on Monday morning, 确切日期前：on June 1st 节日当天：on Childrens Day , on New Years Day 文学类的天气描写：on a dark evening, on a snowy day，on the night of July 1st4. in 通常用于： 一天中的某段时间：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening 大概的月份，年份：in June, in 2004 季节：in spring, in the cold winter 世纪：in the 20th century, in the late 18 century 特定的年龄段：in his thirties (在他三十多岁时)注意：in + 一段时间用于将来时，表示以后。We will be soldiers in 3 years.相关练习题：1. Attention please! There will _ a class meeting _ the morning of May 4th. A. have, at B. have, on C. be, at D. be, on2. -The TV show Home With Kids is so wonderful. You shouldnt miss it. -If I have time, I _ it. A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen3. The summer vacation will begin next week. David _ to stay with us. A. will be coming B. comes C. came D. is coming4. -What _ you _ tomorrow? -I have no idea. A. is, going B. is, going to do C. are, going to do 5. Fathers Day came _ June 10th this year. A. on B. at C. in D. during 6. -When did Hong Kong return to our motherland? - _ July 1st, 1997. A. On B. In C. At D. For7. -Oh, so many people in the amusement park! -Nobody likes to stay at home _ Sunday morning.A. in B. on C. at D. for8. -Will you finish the work _ two days? -Yes, I will. A. for B. about C. in D. on9. My friend, Tony, _ (be) ten years old next year. A. is B. is going to be C. will be D. shall be 10. I think it _ in two days. A. rained B. will rain C. is raining D. has rain11. He visited the family _ a cold morning of March. A. in B. on C. to D. at12. China is _ East Asia. Japan is _ the east of China. A. to, in B. on, to C. in, in D. in, to 课文中文参考译文陷入高克的魔掌金船长经常给朋友们讲他的冒险故事。这是其中之一。第一部分我们的领航员彼得斯又一次迷路了。我们的食物快吃光了。因此，傍晚时分我们降落在了一个无人涉足过的星球。我们的飞行员兰姆将我们轻缓地降落在一个山谷里，山谷紧靠着一面又黑又滑的大石崖。石崖上有几扇门每一扇门都有两层楼那么高！我们总共12个人离开了飞船，向着那些门小心翼翼地走去。有一扇门被打开了些许。我们从中穿过，进入了一个巨大的山洞。里面的家具和地球上的很相似，但是尺寸非常大！“我们离开这儿吧！”彼得斯说道：“这是一个怪物的家。”“很明显，这是一个似人非人的怪物，所以它也许是友善的。”我说道：“我们等等吧！”地面开始晃动。门开了，跳进来几只动物。它们看上去像袋鼠，是巨大的袋鼠。跟着进来了一个庞大的怪物。除了那巨大、红色的独眼外，它看起来简直跟人一样。袋鼠们大叫道：“晚安，高克。”说完就跳走了。接着，高克就看到了我们。它发出了一声令人毛骨悚然的咆哮。“外星人！我的洞里有外星人！你们怎么进来的？”第二部分我脑子转得飞快，接着平静地说道：“晚上好，高克先生。我的名字叫没有人 ，这些人是我的”这时高克又开始咆哮道：“我知道你们是谁。你们是外星人。我们要杀死山谷里所有的外星人。明天一早你们就得死，统统都得死！”我们还没来得及动，高克就按动了他身边墙上的一个按钮。钢条突然从我们周围的地面上冒了出来，并在头顶上方合拢。我们犹如捕鼠夹里的老鼠一样被抓住了。高克按动了另一个按钮，笼子上方一块强劲的磁铁将我们手中的枪都吸走了。“唉，船长，”兰姆说道：“你认为这个怪物是友善的，不对吧？你为什么要说自己的名字叫没有人呢？”“我有一个计划，而没有人则是其中的一部分，我答道。“你会明白的。”我转向高克，说道：“高克先生，我们的确是外星人，但为什么我们不能成为朋友呢？相信我，我们是带着和平的目的而来。”高克说道：“你们来想要和平相处，可明天你们将粉身碎骨。不过听着，没有人，我会给你一个恩惠的。明天，你将会是最后一个去死的人。”彼得斯转向我。他说话时声音都在颤抖。“长官，我希望你的计划能管用。”“相信我，”我说道：“我们都会活着出去的。”课 后 测 试 题一.选择最恰当的答案： 1. Mr Smith returned to his hometown _ the night of Womens Day. A. / B. on C. at D. in2. Can you see the dark clouds over there? It _. A. is going to rain B. will rain C. is raining D. rained3. Youd better go to sleep early, _ you? A. would B. wouldnt C. hadnt D. had4. Lily likes all colors _ black. A. except B. that except C. expect that D. besides5. The furniture inside the cave was so huge _ they could play _ tennis on the bed. A. because, the B. when, / C. that, the D. that, /6. Rose _ her homework by seven oclock last night. A. had finished B. finished C. has finished D. finishes7. Listen! Somebody _ outside. A. is shouting B. are shouting C. shouted D. was shouting 8. -Who were the first people _ the Moon? -Americans. A. visiting B. to visit C. visited D. visit 9. John is _ to go to university. A. enough old B. old enough C. not too old D. so old 10. _ and listen to the teacher please. A. Stop to talking B. Stop talking C. Stopping to talk D. Stop to talk11. There is a bowl on the _ table. A. beside B. bedside C. unexplored D. single 12. As they listen to my story, they gave a _ from time to time; I dont know how my story caused so much _. A. laugh, laughter B. laugh, laugh C. laughter, laughter D. laughter, laugh 13. There is going to _ a volleyball match. The match _ at six this evening. A. be; is going to have B. be; is going to be held C. have; will be D. have; will have14. It _ a long time since I _ you. How are you? A. was; had last seen B. is; last saw C. has; have last seen D. has been; last was seeing 15. Dont get off the bus until it _. A. stopped B. will stop C. stops D. stop16. The girl even wont have her lunch before she _ her homework. A. will finish B. finishes C. had finished D. finished 17. One _ if he or she breaks the law. A. will be punished B. will punish C. is being punished D. has been punished 18. Nothing will make him give in, _? A. will there B. wont there C. will it D. wont it 19. Mary seldom goes out alone in the evening, _? A. does she B. is she C. did she D. doesnt Mary20. They had a wonderful time that day, _? A. do they B. had they C. didnt they D. hadnt they21. This dictionary cost you ten dollars, _? A. does it B. is it C. doesnt it D. didnt it 22. She could hardly wait to hear the news, _? A. couldnt she B. could she C. can she D. didnt it 23. There was nothing wrong with the radio, _? A. isnt there B. wasnt there C. did it D. was there24. He often needs help with his homework, _? A. neednt he B. need he C. doesnt he D. didnt he 25. Nobody except me knows French in my class, _? A. does she B. doesnt he C. do they D. dont they26. None of them arrived on time, _? A. do they B. did they C. doesnt he D. didnt he 27. None of the food was wasted, _? A. wasnt it B. was it C. were they D. didnt it 28. Pass me that book, _? A. will you B. do you C. dont you D. shall you 29. Lets go and play tennis after work，_? A. shall we B. will we C. wont we 30. It seldom rains in the country, _? A. does it B. doesnt it C. is it D. isnt it31. No news _ good news. A. is B. be C. are D. were32. Who is responsible _ this week? A. to B. for C. with D. at 二.用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子：1. A. What _ you _ (do) next weekend?B. My sister and I _ (play) table tennis with a friend.A. _ (be) your friend good at table tennis?B. Certainly. She _(play) table tennis as well as I do.2. Children, _( not be) so noisy. Everyone is reading quietly.3. More than sixty million years ago, no people _ (exist) when dinosaurs lived everywhere on earth. 4. I _ (already write) to my pen friend this week.5. They have made on _ (arrange) for the party.6. _ (clear), he has already had a good plan in mind. Thats why he is confident. 7. Mary patted her baby _ (gentle) and sang a beautiful song to let it sleep.8. Without a _ (navigate), new ships arent able to sail across this area safely.9. Professor Smith is making a new kind of spaceship for his coming trip to _(unexplore).10. The new car goes at an _ (amazement) speed.11. Most calculators are _ (electricity).12. One tree has the _ (powerful) of five air-conditioners.13. Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and two big bottles of orange juice in _(add).14. He is always _ (accurately) in what he says and does.三.选择方框内的词组，用其适当形式填空，每词组限用一次： be alien to, do a favor, make peace, laugh off, catch in a trap, run out of1.The deer _, and the zookeeper tried to let it out.2. Mabel, would you please _ me _?3. Being an actor, you should learn to _ the bad reviews （评论）.4. Several days later, my brother and I _.5. His activity this morning _ what he should be.6. Williams car _ the oil, and he had to stop to add some nearby.四.按要求改写句子：1. Gork shut the door very hard.（对画线部分提问） _ _ Gork shut the door?2. They will get close to the great cliff in a few minutes.（对画线部分提问） _ _ will they get close to the great cliff?3. The bowl on the bedside table was enough for you to have a bath in it.（保持原句意思） The bowl on the bedside table was so big _ you _ have a bath in it.4. Captain King has been all over space.（改为一般疑问句） _ Captain King _ all over space?5. They looked like kangaroos.（对划线部分提问） _ _ they look like?6. Both of the monsters have been to that planet. （改为否定句） _ _ _ has been to
