2021版高考英语一轮复习讲义（北师大版）第2部分 板块2 第2讲　形容词、副词和比较级.doc

第2讲形容词、副词和比较级全国卷考情分析题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1. (2019全国卷) Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher (high) than they actually are.2(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，00025，000 polar bears worldwide.3(2019全国卷) Her years of hard work have finally(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.4(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were hugely (huge)popular with tourists.1.考查形容词或副词比较等级的用法；2考查词类转换。考点一形容词和副词的基本用法单句语法填空1(2019东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much_(quiet)，cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.quieter考查形容词的比较级。根据下文的than可知，此处用比较级。2(2019唐山第一次调研)Als adult son, Ernie, however，is one of the_(kind) men I have ever known.kindest考查形容词的最高级。句意：然而Al已成年的儿子Ernie是我认识的最有爱心的人之一。根据I have ever known可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级。3(2019广东七校联合体第二次联考)My dad was 90 years old.He could hardly see very well and walks with a stick.I was scanning the restaurant，waiting to sit at the first table that was_(convenient) than others.more convenient考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的than可知，空处用形容词的比较级。4(2019淮北模拟)The more you think about it, the_(hard) you will fall asleep.harder此题考查“the比较级.the比较级.”结构。1形容词的基本用法(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。Although it doesnt taste of anything special，its still worth a try.尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方，但是还是值得一试。Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.天气状况太差，他想找到雪橇的轨迹是不可能的。(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Lighthearted and optimistic，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。易错提醒以ly结尾的形容词，常见的有：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly 等。2副词的基本用法(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。They gave money to the old peoples home either personally or through their companies.他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。The young man couldnt afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，Id grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。易错提醒易用错的几类副词(1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地)，hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不)，late(晚，迟)/lately(最近)，most(很，最)/mostly(主要地)，fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地)，near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。(2)有些副词有两种形式：以ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：close接近/closely密切地；wide宽地/widely广泛地；high高地/highly高度地；deep深地/deeply 深深地。考点二形容词和副词的比较等级单句语法填空1(2019广州调研)Salesmen and waiters are two of the_(much) common jobs that students try to find during the summer months.most考查形容词的最高级。该处指“最常见的”，故用最高级。2(2019广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the_(fast) you will move toward your goal.faster句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the比较级，the比较级”结构，意为“越越”。因此，设空处应用比较级。故填faster。3(2019湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in China, the third_(large) country in the world with 20 percent of the worlds population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.largest考查形容词最高级。由空前的the third可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。1比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化变化规则例词单音节的词一般在后面加er和esttalltallertallestquickquickerquickest以“辅音字母e”结尾的词，在后面加r和stlatelaterlatestpalepalerpalest以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，将y改为i，再加er和estearlyearlierearliestheavyheavierheaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，则双写这个辅音字母，再加er和estthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest其他双音节和多音节的词都在前面加more和mostcarefulmore carefulmost careful易错提醒有少数几个双音节以及ow，er，le结尾的词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：narrow，common，clever，simple，quiet，stupid等。(2)不规则变化good/wellbetterbest；bad/illworseworst；many/muchmoremost；farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest；oldolder/elderoldest/eldest；littlelessleast2比较等级的用法(1)同级比较asadj./adv.(原形)as.“和一样”；not as/soadj./adv.(原形)as.“和不一样”Since people are fond of humor，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。当as.as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as形容词原级a(n)n.as.asmany可数名词复数as.asmuch不可数名词as.Im not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。(2)比较级“形容词/副词比较级than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。“less形容词/副词原级than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方”。I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。易错提醒修饰比较等级的副词：much，even，still，far，yet，a little，a lot，a bit，rather，any等。more，very等副词不可修饰比较级，这也是语法填空中常出现的错误之一。(3)最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the最高级表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“是中最的”。Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。最高级的其他表达法a否定词比较级b比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall the other复数名词比较级thanany of the other复数名词比较级than anything/anyone elseYour story is perfect；Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。易错提醒有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的有：favorite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，但不与than连用，如be senior to等。(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型“theadj./adv.er，theadj./adv.er” “越，越”“adj./adv.erandadj./adv.er”“越来越”“theadj.erof the two名词”“某人或某物是两者中较的那个”no more than“仅仅”，not more than“至多；不超过”more.than.“与其说不如说”no比较级than “和一样不”not比较级than “不比更”。倍数句型aA is倍数比较级thanBbA is倍数as原级asBcA is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)ofBThe more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared.一篇文章越积极乐观，就越有可能被大众分享。The electronic waste is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language well.越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。考点三形容词和副词的词性转换单句语法填空1(2019河南郑州一中测试)_(sad), people can no longer visit the cave.Sadly考查副词。句意：很遗憾，人们不能再参观那个洞穴了。空格处位于句首作状语修饰后面整个句子，故用副词形式；根据提示词可推知用sadly，且位于句首，其首字母要大写。2(2019山西孝义实验中学二模)As the last name became_(wide) accepted, the first letter was capitalized.widely考查副词辨析。句意：随着姓氏被广泛接受，其首字母被大写。设空处作状语，修饰accepted，故填副词widely。wide也可作副词，但表示“充分张开”，因此此处不能填wide。3(2019重庆第一次调研)The lava stone areas are_(color) because the lava is rich in many kinds of minerals.colorful考查形容词。该空作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，故用形容词。colorful表示“色彩丰富的”。形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语，应用形容词形式；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构，判断设空处在句中所作的句子成分，并牢记形容词变副词的规则(可参见第三讲构词法)，是解答此类题目的关键。【技法点拨】在语法填空中：1准确理解句意，分析句子结构，判断空格处要填的词在句中作什么成分。如果用来修饰名词或位于系动词后作表语，应为形容词；如果用来修饰动词、副词、形容词或整个句子，则为副词。2观察空格后是否有表示比较的提示词than，表示比较范围的in/of短语、定语从句、或含有比较级的固定句式，如“the比较级.，the比较级.”结构等，以此判断是否需要填形容词或副词的比较等级。另外，解题时还需注意上下文提供的一些暗示信息。单句语法填空1(2019陕西西工大附中模拟)We can never expect a_(blue) sky unless we create a_(little) polluted world.bluer; less第一空是“can否定词 . 形容词/副词比较级”结构，表示最高级含义；第二空根据全句的语境可知填比较级。2(2019沈阳二中模拟)Fabien is_(current) working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31.currently空格前为be动词is，后为实义动词，故应填副词修饰动词。3(2019山西太原模拟)I think youll get a bit_(fat) by then. By the way, is there anything I can do for you?fatter根据系动词get可知，填形容词作表语。a bit修饰比较级，故填fatter，注意拼写规则。4(2019山东济宁模拟)If the patient was extremely fat, it was_(possible) to hear any heartbeat at all.impossible根据语义可知，此处表示“不可能的”。故填possible的反义词，在其前加前缀“im”。5(2019江西上饶模拟)In many countries, it is not unusual for families of different backgrounds to live together._， in the US, this idea may still be considered odd.However根据上下文逻辑关系可判断，此处表转折，且由逗号与句子隔开，故填However。6(2019黑龙江大庆月考)It is the_(old) and only surviving nodam irrigation system in the world.oldest根据后面的in the world属于比较的范围，因此用最高级的形式。句意：这是世界上最古老的而且是仅存的无坝灌溉系统。7(2019河南平顶山模拟)Imagine how much_(happy) you would be if you stopped complaining?happier指不抱怨时和抱怨时相比，要用形容词比较级。语法填空(2019广州综合测试二)Throughout history，people have thought of the ocean as a diverse and limitless source of food.Yet today there is clear evidence that the ocean has a limit.Most of the big fish in our ocean are now 1._(go)One major cause is overfishing.People are taking so many fish from the sea that many species cannot replace 2._(they)For centuries，local fishermen caught only enough fish for their own and their communitys needs.However，from the early 20th century，people around the world became interested 3._consuming proteinrich foods.People began 4._(catch) large quantities of fish for profit and selling them to worldwide markets.In a very short period of time，commercial fishing 5._(great) reduced the number of large predatory fish，such as cod and tuna.Today，there are still plenty of fish in the sea，6._theyre mostly just the little ones.Small fish，7._include sardines and anchovies，have more than doubled in numberlargely because there are not enough big fish 8._(eat) them.Such large fish 9._(be) necessary，because they hunt and kill the sick and weak smaller fish.Without this weeding out，or survival of the fittest，ecosystems become less stable.As a result，fish are less able to survive 10._(difficult) such as pollution，environmental change，or changes in the food supply.1gone考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，故填形容词gone，意为“不在了，不见了”。注意：此处为非被动的含义。2themselves考查代词。根据该从句的主语为many species可知，此处应用其反身代词，表示“自我替换”。3in考查介词。be/become interested in意为“对感兴趣”，为固定用法，故用介词in。4catching考查非谓语动词。begin doing/to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，是固定用法，又由句中的“and selling”可知，此处与selling是并列关系，形式应相同，故填catching。5greatly考查副词。修饰动词一般用副词，故用副词greatly修饰动词reduced，在句中作状语。6but考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示转折，故用连词but。7which考查定语从句。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Small fish，故用which。8to eat考查非谓语动词。enough.to do sth.意为“足够的去做”，为固定用法，故用不定式。9are考查主谓一致。根据本句中的they可知，Such large fish表示复数概念，故谓语动词用复数。10difficulties考查词性转换。根据语境中所列举的各种困难可知，此处用名词的复数形式，故用difficulties。11/11