2021中考初中英语知识点总结.docx
八大时态定语从句中只能使用that的情况18种特殊的反意疑问句1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如:Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗?Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:1)Let's.,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如:Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好吗?还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2)Let us/me.后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如:Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如:What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧?3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。例如:He needs help, doesn't he?他需要帮助,是吗?4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am.时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或ain't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not)。例如:I'm working now, ain't I? 我在工作,是吗?5.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如:Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?6.陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如:Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗?No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如:This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗?These are grapes,aren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗?8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如:One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?9.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如:He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗?10.当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平,是?在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如:You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?12.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如:What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?13.当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose.)that. 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如:They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会,是吗?15.陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如:You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?16.陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如:There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗?17.陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如:We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?18.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如:He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理,是吧?Tom must be at home,isn't he? 汤姆一定在家,是吧?英语时间介词辨析so的用法总结1.so可以用作连词,表示“因此,所以”。例:I heard some noise outside, so I went out of the room to see why.so that作为连词词组,表示 “以便,为了”。例:The vase is put high on the table, so that it wont be broken.2.so可以用作形容词,表示“是这样的,是真的”。例:The newspapers claim she killed him in self defence but that just isnt so.3.so可以用作副词,表示1)“如此,这么”结构为:so+adj./adv例:She was so tired that she fell asleep very fast.表示此意思时,还可以用:so+adj.+a/an+n.例:It is so good a movie that everyone who saw it praises it very much.2)“如此,如是”,用于表示已经提到的想法,建议或情况等例:“Will I need my umbrella?”“I think so.”3)“也是,也一样”结构为so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语例:Tony takes exercise every day and so does his younger brother.注意否定句应把so改为neither/nor,结构为neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语例:Jenny has never been late for class.Neither/Nor her younger brother.4)“确实是这样”,表示对前面陈述事实的强调,结构为so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词例:Tony works very hard at all the subjects.So he does.5)“似乎,那么”,表示惊讶、不同意或者嘲讽例:So you think you've got troubles?常见结构:and so on/and so forth:等等;so as to(do):以便;so that+从句:以便例:We eat different vegetables, such as tomato,potato,celery,and so on.They got up early so as to catch the first bus.They got up so early that they could catch the first bus.while用法一、while用作名词时,意为“一段时间,一会儿”。例如:I stayed there for a short while.(我在那儿呆了一小会儿。)The postman came a short while ago.(邮递员刚刚来过。)二、while用作连词时,有以下几种含义:1.意为“当时候,和同时”,引导时间状语从句。例如:While I was watching TV, the bell rang.(我看电视时,铃响了。)Meimei watched TV while she ate her supper.(梅梅边吃晚饭边看电视。)2.意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。例如:While it was late, he went on working.(虽然很晚了,但他还在继续工作。)While he is in poor health, he works hard.(虽然他身体不好,但他还是努力工作。)3.连接两个并列句子,表示“对比”关系。例如:He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.(他出去散步了,而我却呆在家里。)I like singing while she likes dancing.(我喜欢唱歌,而她喜欢跳舞。)You like sports, while I prefer music.(你喜欢体育,而我更喜欢音乐。)三、while引导状语从句时,应注意以下几点:1.while引导的时间状语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末;而while引导的让步状语从句一般放在句首,不放在句末。另外,也可以从意义上加以区分。例如:While he was tired, he went on working.(虽然他累了,但他还是继续工作。)冠词姓氏名词1.“a/an姓氏单数”表示某家族的一个成员。例如:HiswifeisaKennedy(amemberoftheKennedyfamily).他的妻子是肯尼迪家族中的一员。2.“a/an作家、画家的姓氏单数”表示其作品。例如:HaveyougotacompleteLuXun(asetofLuXun'scompleteworks)?你身边有鲁迅全集吗?3.“a/an姓氏单数”表示“某个叫的人”、“某位姓的人”。说话人只知道其姓氏,不知道名字,或者是说话人内心有所指,但又不十分明确或者是说话人有意隐瞒。例如:OurmusicteacherisaMissWhite.我们的音乐老师是一位姓怀特的小姐。4.“a/an姓名”表示与该人(多指名人)有类似性格特征的人,可译成“一个像一样的人”、“一个和相似的人”。例如:OnlyaLuXun(agreatwriterlikeLuXun)couldhavewrittenthat.只有像鲁迅那样的伟大作家才能写出那样的作品。HeisaLeiFenginourclass.他是我们班上的雷锋。5.“the+姓氏单数”表示特指“某位姓的人”,常用来区别同姓的两个或两个以上的人。例如:Idon'trefertotheLaoWangwhoworksinthiscompany.我指的不是在这个公司里工作的老王。6.“the姓氏复数”表示某一家人,或一家人中的夫妻俩、姐妹俩、兄弟俩。此结构在句中作主语时,谓语动词为复数形式。例如:TheGreensareattable.格林一家正在吃饭。11