2021-2022学年北京市东城区高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）.docx

2021-2022学年北京市东城区高二上学期期末考试英语试卷本试卷共8页，共75分，考试时长90分钟，考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无 效，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。一、完形填空（共10小题；每题I分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在In a race, athletes compete not only with one another but against themselves. For Frank Schutt, his personal best turned out not to be about marking the fastest but displaying the biggest heart.At the beginning of an urban running race, Frank was confident that he would probably have the 2 to qualify for the upcoming state final race. Meanwhile, another runner, Jeffery White, aiming to beat his personal record, continued to 3himself hard after a fast start.Unexpectedly, with less than 200 meters to go. Jeffery's legs cramped up （抽筋）and failed him. But his will did not. 4 to finish, Jeffery rose from the ground and continued on. But he'd made it only 25 meters more before going down.Jeffery didn*t want to give up. With his effort, the young runner pulled himself up and with a （n）5 gait（步法），moved forward for one final push. 6, before reaching the finish line, he lay on the ground again. Hislegs had given out.At that moment, Frank ran to him and offered a helping hand. Frank's first attempt to get Jeffery up failed, but he too refused to 7. With a second pull, Jeffery was on his feet. Then with Jeffery holding Frank for 8,the two completed the final 175 meters. Frank even 9 the injured runner crossing the finish line first.Today, the emphasis in athletics is often put on breaking records, so it was inspiring to see for an athlete likeFrank, the value of true _10 was still there.1. A. teamB. wayC. growthD. time2. A. passionB. potentialC. motivationD. efficiency3. A. trainB. proveC. pushD. behave4. A. ConvincedB. DeterminedC. InspiredD. Moved5. A. unconfidentB. finalC. flexibleD. unsteady6 A. UnfortunatelyB. ActuallyC. ApparentlyD. Gradually7. A. fightB. actC. quitD. rest8 A. suggestionB. supportC. abilityD. comfort9. A. securedB. caughtC. observedD. left27. What does the underlined word "immersed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Completely involved B. Deeply attracted C. Greatly inspired. D. Totally adjusted.28. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The future of virtual realityB. The benefits of virtual reality.C. The popularity of virtual reality.D. The development of virtual reality.【答案】26.B27. A 28. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟现实技术的好处。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“VR allows people like firefighters and even doctors to participate in a similar environment that they would be working in and make mistakes. By allowing them to make mistakes without serious consequences and learn from those mistakes, a trainee can more quickly catch up in their field.（虚拟现实可以让消 防员甚至医生等人参与到一个类似的环境中，他们会在这个环境中工作并犯错。通过允许消防员在没有严 重后果的情况下犯错误，并从错误中吸取教训，他们可以更快地在自己的领域取得进步）”可知，有了虚拟 现实，消防员可以从失败中吸取教训。应选B。【27题详解】词义猜想题。根据文章第三段划线词前半句 "With VR. students who are learning Chinese can visit historical locations like Pingyao or Qufu in a virtual world （学习汉语的学生可以在虚拟世界里参观平遥、曲阜等历史景 点）”可知，学习汉语的学生可以通过虚拟现实让自己参与到中国文化中。所以immersed为“沉浸、参与" 之意。应选A。【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段 “This is because the benefits of being immersed in an environment and being able to make mistakes, make memorable learning connections, and helping people conquer their anxieties can go a long way in helping society become better as a whole.（这是因为沉浸在一个环境中，能够犯错误，建立难忘的学习 联系，帮助人们克服焦虑，这些好处可以帮助整个社会变得更好）”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了虚拟现实 技术的好处。应选B。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Watching wildlife safely is the responsibility of all park visitors. When you visit some national parks, you are entering animals* habitat. 29 If not, wildlife may face the following serious risks when you get close enough tointeract with them:Consequences of Physical Contact with PeopleSome animals, from bison to birds. may be rejected by their parents if they have contact with humans. 30 In addition, wildlife can get injured when they try to escape people who have gotten too close, especially if they are near human structures or roads.Fatal Diseases from People and PetsOur domestic pets can also pose real dangers to the wildlife within parks. Both pets and people may have diseases that they can give to wildlife. Sadly, there are many examples of wildlife in parks dying from diseases given to them by pets and humans. For example, heartworm from cats can kill wildlife such as foxes, coyotes, bobcats, and mountain lions. Black-footed ferrets die from the flu if humans are sick and get too close. 31 So keeping your pets vaccinated can keep them and wildlife safe.Dangers of Eating Human Food and/or Trash （垃圾）When visitors intentionally or unintentionally feed wildlife, it has negative effects on the wildlife. Some of the dangers to wildlife include shorter lives. The best way for wildlife to have a healthy diet and live healthy lives is to search for food as they would naturally. Relying on human food or trash left out puts wildlife at risk.32 Animals becoming used to and attracted to human food will actively seek out human food. This in the worst cases can make them dangerous. Ground squirrels can bite, deer have sharp antlers （鹿角）,and bears can get into cars or tents in search of food. 33 It means they may be killed by park managers for safety reasons.It's important to understand how your actions may affect the wildlife in parks. When you respect wildlife, you help protect park animals and yourself.A. These animals must be removed.B. You need to behave like a polite guest.C. Wolves can be infected by virus from dogs.D. So its best to resist the urge to pet and hold them.E. Actually, some of them may behave in a strange way.F. Observing wildlife in their native habitat can be an educational and fun experience.G. Learning to eat human food can also change the way that wildlife interact with people.【答案】29.B30. D 31. C 32. G 33. E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在与野生动物近距离接触时，它们可能会面临的几种严重的风险。 【29题详解】根据后文 “If not, wildlife may face the following serious risks when you get close enough to interact with them （如 果不这样做，当你与野生动物近距离接触时，它们可能会面临以下严重的风险）”可知，这里指的是面对动 物行为举止要合理守规那么。B选项u You need to behave like a polite guest.（你要表现得像个有礼貌的客人。）” 符合题意，应选B。【30题详解】根据后文 “In addition, wildlife can get injured when they try to escape people who have gotten too close （此夕卜， 当野生动物试图逃离离它们太近的人时，它们可能会受伤）”可知，本段介绍的是动物与人类接触会发生的 严重后果，所以我们要适时远离它们。D选项uSo it's best to resist the urge to pet and hold them.（所以最好克 制住想要抚摸和抱它们的冲动符合题意，应选D。【31题详解】根据后文 “So keeping your pets vaccinated can keep them and wildlife safe.（所以让你的宠物接种疫苗可以保 护它们和野生动物的平安。）”可知，接种过疫苗的宠物可以防止野生动物受到病毒感染。C选项“Wolvescan be infected by virus from dogs.（狼可能被狗的病毒感染。符合题意，应选C。【32题详解】根据后文 “Animals becoming used to and attracted to human food will actively seek out human food.（动物逐渐 习惯并被人类的食物所吸引，就会积极地寻找人类的食物。）”可知，本段主要介绍的是野生动物吃人类食 物后的改变。G 选项 uLearning to eat human food can also change the way that wildlife interact with people.（学 习吃人的食物也可以改变野生动物与人互动的方式。）”符合题意，应选G。【33题详解】根据前文 “ Ground squirrels can bite, deer have sharp antlers （鹿角）,and bears can get into cars or tents in search offood （松鼠会咬人，鹿有锋利的鹿角，熊会钻进汽车或帐篷寻找食物）”以及后文人们对此采取的行动“It means they may be killed by park managers for safety reasons.（这意味着它们可能会因为平安原因被公园管理 员杀死。）”可知，这些野生动物因为寻找人类的食物而有奇怪的表现会影响到人们的平安。E选项“Actually, some of them may behave in a strange way.（事实上，它们中的一些可能会表现得很奇怪。）”符合题意，应选 Eo第三节（共4小题；第34、35、36题每题2分，第37题3分，共9分）阅读下面短文并回答以下问题。When Audrey Kelly, a fifth-year PhD student, isn*t doing experiment, she loves making bread. She sometimes feels ashamed about that. "If you are not working yourself to the bone and crying yourself to sleep every night." she asks, nare you working hard enough?nBut evidence suggests that hobbies such as Kelly's satisfy more than just the stomach. Research has linked participation in leisure activities to many measures of physical and mental well-being, from reduced blood pressure to a sense of belonging. We need to see hobbies and work as win-win games.Carving out free time can be challenging, but there are strategies for success. Jingmei Li, a cancer researcher from Singapore, uses most of her holiday time for driving trips. Jennifer Hertzberg, a psychologist at the University of California, tries to keep the weekends free for her hobby, building Legos.Many scientists like them have found that hobbies offer them a break from the stress of doing science. Everyone-including scientists-can get stuck in ways of thinking that prevent them from finding a solution to a problem, no matter how hard they work. Evidence suggests that taking a break or doing something different can help improve problem-solving, by revealing a new approach or an overlooked detail. And when scientists are stuck at work, hobbies can provide a sense of accomplishment. Jennifer thinks what she likes most about Lego blocks is that she can complete them in a relatively short amount of time while she labours on long-term scientific projects.Pastimes also lead to inspiration. When astronomers first caught a glimpse of the Moon through a telescope, Galileo quickly realized that the shadows on its face indicated that its surface was rough and mountainous- not smooth. That's because Galileo liked painting, and had learnt how to represent 3D objects on a flat canvas (画布).Due to the benefits of hobbies, they should be valued in the culture of science. Success in science and having a life don*t conflict. Scientists* contribution depends more on the qualitynot the quantityof their work. And really, that is a way of living that is focused on creativity and innovation and not on just producing more.34. What makes Audrey Kelly feel ashamed?35. Why does Jennifer like building Legos?36. Why does the author mention Galileo's story in Paragraph 5?37. Do you think that hobbies benefit your study? Why or why no!? (In about 40 words) 【答案】34. That she felt she wasn't working hard enough.35. To relieve stress at workTo prove that pastimes also lead to inspiration.1.1 1 think hobbies benefit my study. Because one of the biggest benefits for me in pursuing hobbies is that they give the mind a rest from my study and I will study more efficiently.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有规律的消遣可以缓解精神压力，改善工作与生活的平衡，并帮 助科学家在他们的工作中找到创新的解决方案。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 “"If you are not working yourself to the bone and crying yourself to sleep every night." she asks, "are you working hard enough?”（她有时为此感至lj羞愧。她问道：“如果你没有每天晚上哭着入眠，那 你工作够努力了吗?可知，奥黛丽凯利感到羞愧，因为她觉得自己工作不够努力。故答案为Thatshe felt she wasn't working hard enough.【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段 u Many scientists like them have found that hobbies offer them a break from the stress of doing science.（许多像他们一样的科学家发现，业余爱好可以让他们从做科学的压力中解脱出来。）”可知， 詹妮弗喜欢做乐高积木是为了缓解工作上的压力。故答案为To relieve stress at work【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Pastimes also lead to inspiration.（消遣也能带来灵感。）”可知，作者在第5段提 到伽利略的故事是为了证明消遣也能带来灵感。故答案为To prove that pastimes also lead to inspiration.【37题详解】开放题。此题为开放题，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为Because one of the biggest benefits for me in pursuing hobbies is that they give the mind a rest from my study and I will study more efficiently.四、翻译句子（共6小题；每题1.5分，共9分）请使用括号中所给的单词或词组的适当形式，将下面的句子翻译成英文，并将答案书写在答 题卡相应位置。38 .他坚持要去拜访他的教授。（insiston）（汉译英）【答案】He insisted on visiting his professor.【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态。insist on doing sth.坚持做某事。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻 译为 He insisted on visiting his professor.39 .和他们保持联系对你来说很重要。（keep in touch with）（汉译英）【答案】It's important fbr you to keep in touch with them.【解析】【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。keep in touch with保持联系。Ifs +形容词+ for sb. to do sth.做某事对某 人来说，it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为Es important for you to keep in touch with them.40 .明天这个时候，我们正在公园里骑自行车。（cycle）（汉译英）【答案】 At this time tomorrow, we will be cycling in the park.【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态。at this time在这时候；in the park在公园里。根据时间状语At this time tomorrow可知，用将来进行时。根据句意，故翻译为At this time tomorrow, we will be cycling in the park.41 .他建议明年雇用更多的工人。（suggest； employ）（汉译英）【答案】 He suggested employing more workers next year.【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态。suggest doing sth.建议做某事。next year明年，根据陈述过去事情，用一般过去 时。 根据句意， 故翻译为 He suggested employing more workers next year.42 .他们是如何克服这个问题的还不得而知。（overcome； unknown）（汉译英）【答案】 How they overcame this problem is still unknown.【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句和时态。分析原文可知，“他们是如何克服这个问题”可处理为主语从句，根据句 意，用连接副词how引导该从句，其中“克服”是谓语动词，用动词overcome表示，从句陈述过去事情， 用一般过去时，谓语动词用。vercame； ”还不得而知”是主句，可处理为系表结构，因主语是从句，系 动词用单数，其中“不得而知”用形容词unknown表示，作表语，主句讲述现在情况，用一般现在时。综 上， 全句翻译为 How they overcame this problem is still unknown.43 .袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一，他一生致力于农业。（devote）（汉译英）【答案】 Yuan Longping, one of the most famous scientists in China, devoted his life to agriculture.【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态。devote one's life to献身于某事。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。句中主语为Yuan Longping, “中国最著名的科学家之一" one of th6 most famous scientists in China作同位语。根据句意，故翻 译为 Yuan Longping, one of the most famous scientists in China, devoted his life to agriculture.五、书面表达（10分）.假设你是红星中学的李华。请根据你的英国笔友Jim的邮件给他回信。Dear Li Hua,I have read a lot of stories about people of achievement recently. I am really impressed by them. Speaking of people of achievement, who is the person you admire most? I want to know why you admire him/her most? How does he/she influence you?Looking forward to your reply!Yours,Jim注意：1,词数100字左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,I am glad to receive your e-mail and talk about the greatest person that I admire most.I admire Madam Curie the most, the greatest woman chemist in the world, who not only discovered radium, but also devoted her discovery to saving lots of injured soldiers during the First World War. Besides, Madam Curie was not interested in fame or wealth at all, although she won the Nobel Prize twice.In my opinion, great persons should be selfless, generous and active, for which they can really influence us.What qualities do you think a great person should have? Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇书面表达类应用文。要求考生向笔友Jim回一封邮件。谈论自己最崇拜的伟人、崇拜的原 因及伟人是如何影响自己的。【详解】L词汇积累高兴的：pleased>glad钦佩；尊重：respect>admire对感兴趣：have an interest in/show interest inbe interested in在我看来：as far as I am concerned一in my opinion2 ,句式拓展同义句原句：I admire Madam Curie the most, the greatest woman chemist in the world, who not only discovered radium, but also devoted her discovery to saving lots of injured soldiers during the First World War.拓展句：I admire Madam Curie the most, the greatest woman chemist in the world, because not only did she discover radium, but also devoted her discovery to saving lots of injured soldiers during the First World War.【点睛】高分句型1I admire Madam Curie the most, the greatest woman chemist in the world, who not only discovered radium, but also devoted her discovery to saving lots of injured soldiers during the First World War.（运用 了 who 引导的非限制性定语从句）高分句型2In my opinion, great persons should be selfless, generous and active, for which they can really influence us.（运用了 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句）10. A. friendshipB. championshipC. sportsmanshipD. membership【答案】l.D2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7.