高中英语语法总结大全之形容词和副词（2022年-2023年）.docx

您身边的志愿填报指导专家GaqwWWVf. Q9Ck901OO . Cff高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词形容词及其用法形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和表达形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修 饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot热的。2）表达形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可 用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid害怕的。（错） He is an ill man.（对）The man is ill.（错）She is an afraid girl.（对）The girl is afraid.这类词还有： well, unwell, ill, faint, afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字 尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice以-ly结尾的形容词1）大局部形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly,仍为形容词。改错：（错）She sang lovely.（错） He spoke to me very friendly.（对） Her singing was lovely.（对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, earlyThe Times is a daily paper.TheTimes is published daily.版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户您身边的志愿填报指导专家您身边的志愿填报指导专家G刘筑w*wwqad 诫 cwn.s1) The weather in China is different from.A. in AmericaB. one in AmericaC. AmericaD. that in America答案：D.此题意为“中国的天气比美国热。”比拟的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A 没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车 以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选Do2) After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as答案C.此句意为”这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍”。表示倍数用“倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比拟对象，的句型。所以此句答案为CoThis ruler is three times as long as that one第10页肮权所右中国高考志愿填报门户Ga心盼w幡"菽，的,您身边的志愿填报指导专家用形容词表示类别和整体1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungryThe poor are losinghope.2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。the British, the English, the French, the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense ofhumor.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词一数词一描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）一出处-材料性质，类别一名词a small round tablea tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirta famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports car典型例题：1） Tony is going camping with boys.A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two答案：Co由邛艮定词一数词-描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）-性质-名词”的 公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。2） One day they crossed the bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源 +质地+用途+国家+名词。3） How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside.A. few last sunnyB. last few sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户Ga心盼w g9cc/您身边的志愿填报指导专家答案：Bo此题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠 近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确 定时，可参照下表：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+those + three + beautiful + large + square新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词old + brown + wood + table副词及其基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1）在动词之前。2）在be动词、助动词之后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b.方式副词well, badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.二、副词的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：（错）1 very like English.（对）1 like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。I don't know him well enough.第3页版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户Ga心盼w您身边的志愿填报指导专家There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.兼有两种形式的副词1) close 与 closelyclose意思是"近"；closely意思是“仔细地”He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2) late 与 latelylate意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?3)deep 与 deeplydeep意思是，深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high 与 highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchThe plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5)wide 与 widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地“，”在许多地方”He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6)free 与 freelyfree的意思是“免费"；freely的意思是“无限制地”You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户GaqdQwwwqacioac9/您身边的志愿填报指导专家形容词与副词的比拟级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比拟级和最高级的变化，即原级、比拟级和最高 级，用来表示事物的等级差异。原级即形容词的原形，比拟级和最高级有规那么变化和不规那么变化 两种。1）规那么变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er, -est来构成比拟级和最高级。构成法原级比拟级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音 词和少数以- le结尾的双音节 词只加-r,-stnice（好的）large伏的）able （有能力的）nicer larger ablernicest largest ablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭 音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅 音字母，再加-er, -estbig（大的）hot （热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest”以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音ij词，改y为i,再加-er, -esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er, -estclever （聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节诃，在前面加 more, most来构 成比拟级和最高级。important（重要的）easily （容易地）moreimportantmore easilymost importantmost easily2）不规那么变化原级比拟级最高级good（好的）well（健康的）betterbest嗣权所右中国高考志愿埴报门户一 WWW, 99Ck90lOO . Cf>bad （坏的） 山（有病的）worseworstold （老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many （多 的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar （远的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthestas+形容词或副词原级+as1）在否认句或疑问句中可用so. aso Hecannot run so/ as fast as you.2）当asas中间有名词时采用以下格式。as +形容词+ a +单数名词as + many/much +名词This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4）倍数 + as + adj. + as<=> 倍数 + then + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.比拟级形容词或副词+thanYou are taller than I.They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.版权所有 中I以；;j考志愿填报I】尸Gmg0w诫com.s您身边的志愿填报指导专豕注意：1）要防止重复使用比拟级。作昔）He is more cleverer than his brother.（对）He is more clever than his brother.（对）He is clever than his brother.2）要防止将主语含在比拟对象中。（错）China is larger that any country in Asia.（对）China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原那么。The population of Shanghai is larger than that ofBeijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比拟： Which is large, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.可修饰比拟级的词1） abit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比拟级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题：2） -Are you feeling?Yes, Pm fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better答案：B. any可修饰比拟级，quite修饰原级，well的比拟级为better.3） The experiment was easier than we had expected.A.moreB.much more C.much第7页版权所有一中国高考志愿填报门户Gm0wwww,g9dm您身边的志愿填报指导专豕D.more much答案：C.much可修饰比拟级，因此B, C都说得通，但easier本身已是比拟级，不需 more,因此C为正确答案。4） If there were no examinations, we should have at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD.a much happier time答案：Domany, old 和 far1）如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词many more +可数名 词复数2） old有两种比拟级和最高级形式:oldei7oldest和elder/eldest。elder, eldest只用于兄 弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer.Maryis the eldest of the three sisters.3） far有两种比拟级，farther, further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步。I have nothing further to say.the+最高级+比拟范围1） The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常二Itis a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比拟范围内。（错）Tom is the tallest ofhis three brothers.（对）T om is the tallest of the three brothers.2）以下词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户Gmg0w诫com.s您身边的志愿填报指导专家This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.3)句型转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4） ”否认词语+比拟级“，”否认词语+ so. as”结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.和more有关的词组1) the more. the more.越就越The harder you work, the greater progress you'll make.2) more B than A与其说A不如说Bless A than BHe is more lazy than slow at his work.=He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more. than. 与样, 不比多The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less. than.与一样He is no less diligent than you.4) more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.典型例题版权所仃中国高考志愿填报门户