1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案.docx

1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案>Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, Bz C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds,could go penniless by next year.A the larger onethe larger of whichB the largest one ( B )the largest of which1. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.A combineddrag ( C )C knockIn this factory the machines are not regulated but arejointly controlled by a central computer system.A independentlyindividuallyB irrespectively ( B )irregularly26. Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be in someform.A given offput outB set off ( A )used up27. If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually.A shrinkdelayB disperse ( A )sink28. American companies are evolving from mass-production manufacturing to enterprises.A moveablechangingB flexible ( C )varying29. If you know what the trouble is, why don' t you help them to the situation?A simplifymodifyB verify ( D )rectify31.1 can' t what has happened to the vegetables, forthey were freshly picked this morning.A figure outdraw outB look out ( A )work out4.1 1 tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat.A disapprovalrejectionB refusal ( C ) D declineFrom this material we can hundreds of what you maycall direct products.A derivediscernB diminish ( A )displace33. She had clearly no of doing any work, although shewas very well paid.A tendencyambitionB intention ( C )willingness34. What seems confusing or fragmented at first might well become a third time.A clean and measurablenotable and systematicB pure and wholesome ( D )clear and organic35. The public opinion was that the time was not for theelection of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.A reasonableripeB ready ( B )practical36. Hudson said he could not kill a living thing except for the of hunger.A sensationcauseB purpose ( D )motive37. For the new country to survive,for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.A to name a fewlet aloneB not to speak ( B )letz s say38. Foreign disinvestment and the of South Africa fromworld capital markets after 1985 further weakened its economy.A displacementeliminationB exclusion ( C )exception39. When a number of people together in aconversational knot, each individual expresses his position in the group by where he stands.A padpackB squeeze ( D )D cluster > Section II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Manpower Inc.z with 560,000 workers, is the world, s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day7 s work for a day' s pay. One day at a time, industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This work force is the most important in American business today, and it is changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive avoiding market cycles and the growingburdens by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of that came from being a loyal employee.40. A swarmstrideB separate ( A )slip41. A ForBecauseB As(C)Since42. A frominB on(D)by43. A Even thoughNow thatB If only ( A )Provided that44. A durabledisposableB available ( B )transferable45. A叩proachflowB fashion ( D )trend46. A instantlyreverselyB fundamentally ( C ) D sufficientlyA butB whileand ( B)C whereasA imposedB restrictedillustrated ( A )C confinedA excitementB convictionenthusiasm ( D )C importanceSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:B having combinedcombine ( D )C being combinedAndrew, my father' s younger brother, will not be at the picnic, to the family, s disappointment.A muchmoreB too much ( A )much more4.1 would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole of last week.A werehad beenB have been ( D ) D wasEach of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)Text 1It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia7 s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group7 s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: "We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn' t just something that happened in Australia. Itz s world historyThe full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of theTerminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia - where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part - other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death - probably by a deadly injection or pill - to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a "cooling off“ period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. 'T m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I' ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks/7 he says.51. From the second paragraph we learn that.A the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesphysicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaB changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law ( D )it takes time to realize the significance of the law' s passage52. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means.A observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiasimilar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countriesB observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes ( B )the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will.A face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaexperience the suffering of a lung cancer patientB have an intense fear of terrible suffering ( A )undergo a cooling off period of seven days54. The author7 s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of oppositionA suspicionapproval ( C )B indifferenceText 2A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them.To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn, t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner - amazing/1 Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate“ cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend,“ the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor7 s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.55. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world,.A rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USsmall-minded officials deserve a serious commentB Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors ( D )most Americans are ready to offer help56. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that.A culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipcourteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedB various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends (A )social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions57. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangersto improve their hard lifeA in view of their long-distance travelto add some flavor to their own daily life ( C )B out of a charitable impulseThe tradition of hospitality to strangers.A tends to be superficial and artificialis generally well kept up in the United StatesB is always understood properly ( B )has something to do with the busy tourist trailsText 3Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don' t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of "drug abuse" to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate thecentral nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting" ) because they seemed to radically alter one' s state of consciousness.58. “Substance abuse” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse“ in that.A substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used"drug abuse77 is only related to a limited number of drug takersB alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine ( D )many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous59. The word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might meanA widespread5. Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be nearwhat' s needed.A everywheres