2022年高一英语限时阅读 2.pdf
高一英语限时阅读（18）A It s Probably not All LuckIN 2005,David J.Hand,a math professor at Imperial College London,went to a conference(会议)in the US with one of his students.They bought their return tickets separately.But when they boarded the plane,they were surprised to find that they were seated right next to each other.“What a coincidence（巧合）!”you might say.Yes,coincidences happen all the time.Sometimes they are so weird(不可思议的)that there seem to be no explanations for them.That sometimes leads people to attribute them to supernatural forces.But are those really responsible?According to a new book by Professor Hand,The Improbability Principle:Why Coincidences,Miracles,and Rare Events Happen Every Day,what we think of as extremely unlikely events actually happen around us all the time,and they can all be explained by the laws of probability,reported The Washington Post.Take Hand s experience on the plane as an example.Since there are 450 seats on that plane,it may seem like a 1 in 450 chance that he would have been seated next to his student.But the fact is that many passengers travel in pairs or other groups,and they all require adjacent(相邻的)seats,which makes solo travelers more likely to be seated next to other solo travelers.This increases the odds（几率）from 1 in 450 to a much greater chance.Another occasion on which coincidences happen frequently is the lottery（彩票）.On Sept 6,2009,for example,the Bulgarian lottery randomly selected the winning numbers 4,15,23,24,35,and four days later those numbers were chosen again.According to Hand,although the odds of two specific number draws(抽取)matching are very small,since there are many lotteries globally,the chance of any two draws matching increases with the number of draws,and it reaches a probability of greater than 50 percent by the 4,404th round.“With a large enough number of opportunities,any outrageous(不寻常的)thing is likely to happen,”writes Hand.People tend to underestimate（低估）the probability of an event because they usually focus on specific instances instead of the broader context,he added.“We should expect the unexpected,”Hand told New Scientist.“They may not be as improbable as you think.”1.By mentioning Hand s experience on the flight at the beginning of the article,the author intends to _.A.show how people usually react to coincidences B.show that such coincidences actually happen frequently C.promote Hand s newly-published book on coincidences D.make us wonder what caused that coincidence 2.What does Hand think can explain almost all coincidences?A.Supernatural forces.B.The laws of probability.C.Their broader contexts.D.The law of natural selection.3.What did Hand believe increased his chances of sitting next to his student?A.The limited seats on the plane.B.The times when they booked their return tickets.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 6 页 -C.The fact that many of the other passengers were traveling together with others.D.The rule that solo travelers must sit in specific areas of planes.4.What can we conclude from the article?A.The author believes that there are no supernatural forces at all.B.If you bet on the same numbers each time,you will soon win the lottery.C.Failing to see the broader contexts for events makes us fail to grasp their true probabilities.D.Outrageous events wouldn t happen if there were a large enough total number of events.B More Fit Than Ever THIS is an excerpt(摘录)from actress and snowboarder Amy Purdy s speech at TED(一个旨在“用思想的力量来改变世界”的全球会议):The doctors diagnosed me with bacterial meningitis(细菌性脑膜炎).Over the course of two and a half months,I lost my spleen(脾),my kidneys(肾),the hearing in my left ear and both of my legs below the knees.When my parents wheeled me out of the hospital,I felt like I had been pieced back together like a patchwork(布片缝制物)doll.I was absolutely physically and emotionally broken.But I knew that in order to move forward,I had to let go of the old Amy and learn to embrace the new Amy.And that is when it dawned on me,that I didn t have to be small anymore.I could be as tall as I wanted or as short as I wanted depending on whom I was dating.And if I snowboard again,my feet aren t going to get cold.And the best of all,I thought,I can make my feet the size of all the shoes that are on the sales rack(架子)and I did.So there were benefits here.It was at this moment that I asked myself that life-defining question:if my life were a book.Four months later,I was back up on a snowboard,although things didn t go quite as expected.At one point,I traumatized(使精神受伤)all the skiers in the cable cars when I fell and was just as shocked as everybody else and I was so discouraged.But I knew that if I could find the right pair of feet that I would be able to do this again I started snowboarding.Then I went back to work.And then I went back to school.Then,in 2005,I co-founded a non-profit organization for youth and young adults with physical disabilities so they could get involved with action sports.From there,I got the opportunity to go to South Africa where I helped to put shoes on thousands of children s feet so they could attend school.And just this past February,I won two back-to-back(接连的)World Cup gold medals,which made me the highest-ranked adaptive(残疾的)female snowboarder in the world.Eleven years ago,when I lost my legs,I had no idea what to expect.But if you ask me today,if I would ever want to change my situation,I would have to say no,because my legs haven t disabled me.If anything,they ve enabled me.Theyve forced me to rely on my imagination and to believe in possibilities,and that s why I believe that our imaginations can be used as tools for breaking through bord ers,because in our minds,we can do anything and we can be anything.Its belief in those dreams and facing our fears head-on that allow us to live our lives beyond our limits.5.The underlined word“embrace”in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 6 页 -A.keep away from B.accept gladly C.communicate with D.take care of 6.What happened when the author went skiing not long after she was out of the hospital?A.Almost everybody there was inspired by her attempt.B.She went down the mountain so fast that she hurt herself.C.She was displeased with her performance,but she didnt lose heart.D.It turned out that she performed better than she had expected.7.What message does the author want to convey with her speech?A.Misfortune never comes alone,so be prepared.B.People without imagination can never succeed.C.It s not what happens to you but how you react that matters.D.Life is full of ups and downs and we should learn to live with them.8.Which of the following best describes the author?A.Patient and sensitive.B.Humorous and ambitious.C.Optimistic and determined.D.Emotional and imaginative.C How Face Show Feelings HERE is a task for you:try to make as many kinds of facial expressions as you can.How many can you come up with?Facial expressions are like a window to your emotions inside.Scientists used to believe that we only have six basic emotions happy,sad,fearful,angry,surprised and disgusted and,therefore,each of our facial expressions falls into one of the six categories.But it turns out that this is just the tip of the iceberg.In a recent study,scientists from Ohio State University,US,mapped 21 different facial expressions,more than tripling(是 的三倍)the original number,reported Science Daily.Aleix Martinez,the lead researcher.He believed that human emotions are much richer than that,which is why he and his team decided to use advanced computer technology for further investigation.In the experiment,scientists photographed 230 volunteers 100 male and 130 female while they made faces in response to different words such as“you smell a bad odor(气味)”.They then closely studied the images by examining key muscles on volunteers faces,such as the corners of the mouth or the outer edge of the eyebrow,and finally identified 21 different expressions.These included what seem to be contradictory(截然相反的)emotions such as“happily disgusted”and“sadly angry”,which scientists call“compound(混合的)emotions”.Take“happily disgusted”as an example.Putting on a happy face is usually done by drawing up the cheeks and smiling while a disgusted face often involves a scrunched-up(皱起的)nose and eyes.So the“happily disgusted”emotion created an expression that combined the smile of happy with the scrunched-up eyes and nose of disgusted(as seen in the picture below).It was the emotion test subjects fel t when something“gross(恶心的)”happened that was also funny for example,when people spill(洒出)a lot of food on their clothes.Similarly,“happily surprised”is an expression for receiving unexpected good news.“Sadly angry”is the face we make when someone we care about makes us angry.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 6 页 -According to Martinez,the researchers next step is to study the pathways and chemicals in the brain that activate(激活)and recognize those emotions.He believes that this could lead to effective treatments for people who suffer from conditions such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD,创伤后应激障碍),which involves a lack of recognition of other people s emotions.9.The underlined part“this is just the tip of the iceberg”in Paragraph 3 probably means _.A.this is a truth known to us all B.this is the total amount of something C.this is easily seen or discovered D.this is only the smallest and most obvious part of something 10.How does the author explain the definition of“compound emotions”in the article?A.With comparisons.B.Through examples.C.Through cause and effect analysis.D.By presenting research findings.11.According to the article,people are likely to become happily disgusted when _.A.they receive unexpected good news B.someone they don t care about makes them happyC.something unpleasant but also funny happens D.they successfully escape from a dangerous situation 12.What can we conclude from the article?A.There are several contradictory emotions we tend to overlook.B.Females have more contradictory emotions than males do.C.The chemicals in the brain that activate emotions are easy to identify.D.Martinezs next goal is to find an effective cure for people who suffer from PTSD.D SOME families pass down brains and musical talent from one generation to the next.Others pass down angular(尖的)noses and strong jaw lines.Ours passes down clothing quirks.When our oldest daughter was a toddler(蹒跚学步的孩子),she had issues with socks.Shed go crazy over socks with seams(线头)across the toes.“Whats wrong with your kid?”another mother would ask.“Socks,”I would say.The mother would nod and say:“Corduroy(灯芯绒).”That meant she understood the sock problem because her kid had the same problem with corduroy.He probably couldn t stand the sound it made when it rubbed together.We shared a duplex(复式公寓)with a family whose youngest daughter absolutely refused to wear long sleeves.It would be the middle of winter and she would be wearing a tank top(无袖上衣).When our son was young,he had issues with shoes.He often did a mix-and-match(混搭)thing with his tennis shoes.I figured as long as the kid could still walk,it wasnt a matter of life Not too long ago,I picked up a new shirt for my husband.This is something I do every five years or so even though he claims it is completely unnecessary.It was a shirt with small black and white checks(方形图案).He wore the shirt once and said he was never wearing it again because all those checks in his peripheral vision(周边视觉)annoyed him.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 6 页 -As for my quirk,I can t stand button-down(领尖钉有钮扣的)shirts under pullover sweaters(套头毛衣).It s so bad that when I see someone else wearing a button-down shirt under a sweater,I want to rip it off of them.So far,I have restrained(克制)myself.By the way,if your kid has issues with seams on the socks,just buy some socks without seams in them.It s not spoiling your kid.It s spending a couple extra dollars to keep your child from losing his or her mind.It only took me 30 years to figure that out.13.The underlined word“quirks”in the first paragraph probably means _.A.art of matching B.unusual habits C.special skills D.something recycled 14.Which of the following was a problem t hat one of the author s children had?A.Her oldest daughter couldnt put up with seams on her socks.B.Her son didn t like to wear tennis shoes.C.Her youngest daughter refused to wear long sleeves,even in winter.D.Her middle child hated the sound corduroy made when it rubbed together.15.How did the author s husband react to the new shirt the author bought for him?A.He didnt like it at all.B.He liked its style but not its color.C.He considered it too expensive.D.He said it was exactly the type he had wanted.16.Which of the following statements best describes the author?A.She is strict with her children.B.She has good taste in fashion.C.She is tolerant,thoughtful and good-natured.D.She doesn t like to set rules for her children.Passage A 1.D。由第三段“That sometimes leads people to attribute them to supernatural forces.But are those really responsible?”可以推知文章开篇提到了汉德先生搭乘航班的一次巧合，旨在引起读者思考是什么导致这些巧合发生的呢，所以答案为D。2.B。由第四段的“what we think of as extremely unlikely events actually happen around us all the time,and they can all be explained by the laws of probability”可知答案为B。3.C。由第五段的“But the fact is that many passengers travel in pairs or other groups,and they all require adjacent(相邻的)seats,which makes solo travelers more likely to be seated next to other solo travelers.This increases the odds from 1 in 450 to a much greater chance.”可推知 C 为正确答案。4.C。由倒数第二段可知人们通过关注具体的例子，而不是更广的背景，从而低估了某些事发生的概率，所以C 正确。A 文中没有提及，B 项的 soon不对；D 项的说法与事实相反。Passage B:1.B。作者因为生病身心收到很大伤害，但是她随后意识到为了继续生活下去，她必须忘记过去的自己，而去接受新的自己，embrace在这里应该是表示“欣然接受”的意思，所以答案为 B。2.C。由第四段的“I was so shocked.I was just as shocked as everybody else and I was so discouraged.But I knew that if I could find the right pair of feet that I would be able to do this again”可知答案为C。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 6 页 -3.C。根据第三段“It was at this moment that I asked myself that life-defining question:if my life were a book and I were the author,how would I want the story to go?”以及最后一段可知作者的这一演讲是想要告诉听众，残疾不要紧，要紧的是正确的人生态度，所以答案为C。4.C。综观全文，不难看出作者的乐观与坚毅，所以答案为C。Passage C:1.D。第二段提到我们的情绪通常被归为六类，接下来作者笔锋一转，写道“但是结果证明这只是冰山一角”，结合上下文可知，D 项正确地解释了划线部分的含义。2.B。不难发现，作者主要是通过举例的手法来介绍compound emotions，一共举了三个例子：happily disgusted、happily surprised 和 Sadly angry，所以答案为B。3.C。由倒数第三段的“It was the emotion test subjects felt when something“gross(恶心的)”happened that was also funny”可知 C 为正确答案。4.A。Aleix Martinez的研究发现了不少的混合情绪，这是我们之前所忽略的，所以A 为正确答案。B、C 为中没有提及；Martinez 的下一个任务是：study the pathways and chemicals in the brain that activate and recognize those emotions，所以 D 不对。Passage D:1.B。文中作者列举了她一家人穿着方面的怪癖，结合倒数第四段的“As for my quirk,I can t stand button-down(领尖钉有钮扣的)shirts under pullover sweaters(套头毛衣).”不难猜出quirks 的意思，所以答案为B。2.A。由第二段可以推知A 为正确答案。3.A。由倒数第五段的“He wore the shirt once and said he was never wearing it again because all those checks in his peripheral vision(周边视觉)annoyed him.”可知作者的老公不喜欢这件衣服的方形图案，所
