2021-2022学年北京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）.docx

2021-2022学年北京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷本试卷有九道大题，考试时长120分钟，总分值150分。第I卷一、听力。本大题共20小题，共20分。第一节听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。 听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一 遍。1. What animals did the woman see in the photos?A. Elephants. B. Lions. C. Zebras.2. Why is the woman going to Thailand?A. To see a dentist.B. To get her insurance.C. To enjoy the scenery.3. What problem is the woman facing?A. The hotel reserved the wrong room.B. There are no single rooms available.C. She can't stay for three nights.4. What does the woman think of the retired life?A. Relaxing. B. Exciting. C. Boring.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. The weather. B. Animals. C. A raincoat.第二节听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最正确选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每题。听完后，每题将 给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. How long has the man done his job?A. Six months. B. Two years. C. Two and a half years.7. What does the woman advise the man to do?Success and Risk in Extreme SportsWhat is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines?Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions. But others have a much higher tolerance fbr risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that “the high element of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself'. He said he would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.Psychologists note that some people seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline （肾上腺素）rushes as a behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cook's appetite fbr risk appeared at a young age. "I was a gymnast,“ she said. "I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were upside down.” As she started doing harder tricks, she was drawn to the challenge. "There are moments when you're up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in the world.”Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. "To me, that just seems like the height of risk J he said. "But to them it was the next step in an activity that they've prepared fbr years." Murphy said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. "We look at a risky situation and know that if we were in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes' view, they have a lot of control, and there are many things that they do to minimize risk.Another aspect of risk perception （认矢口）may be something referred to as "the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. "Something that makes you try doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what you, re doing J Murphy says. "After it's over, there 9s great excitement.People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme. "I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because thafs my skill level J Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.18. By using the term "natural ceiling“ in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that.A. extreme athletes must learn special skillsextreme athletes have chances to take risksmany people don't want to do extreme sportsmany people can't limit desire for extreme sports19. What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions?A. They put in lots of preparation for challenges.B. They are more fortunate than other sportspeople.C. They carry little risk when facing big challenges.D. They have special reasons that others can't easily understand.20. What main point is made in Paragraph 5?A. Extreme athletes use techniques other people don't use.B. Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports.C. Most people lack the focus required to take bigger risks.D. A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely.21. We can learn from the passage that.A. risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoidthose who take risks are more likely to be successful in lifeextreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than otherstaking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think【答案】18.C19. A 20. D 21.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极限运动的成功与风险。【18题详解】推理判断题。分析文章第二段第二句 "He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions.n （他指出，我们中的大多数人到达了一个自然的上限，这个（自然上限） 限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望。）可知，这里含有一个定语从句，先行词为a natural ceiling, 定语从句对anatural ceiling进行修饰，“限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望”说明许多人不想做极 限运动。应选C项。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段开头提到的“groupsclimbingEverest”（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的团体）和第二句“Tome, that just seems like the height of risk,“ he said. "But to them it was the next step in an activity that they've prepared for years."（“在我看来，这似乎是最大的风险，”他说。“但对他们来说，这是他们准备多年的一项活动 的下一步。"）可知，登山者为挑战做了大量的准备。应选A项。【20题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句"Another aspect of risk perception （认知）may be something referred to as "the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present."（风 险认知的另一个方面可能是被称之为“心流”的东西，在这种状态下，许多运发动全神贯注于将精力完全集中 在当下的行为。）以及后面的进一步解释可知，本段要点就是“theflow”这种特定的精神状态会使你更有可 能去尝试一项活动。应选D项。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme.v （不同技能水平的人在不同的时间体验这种流动。 一些人可能总是被驱使去冒险，而另一些人那么认为是极端的。）以及后文所举的事例可知，不同的技能水平 的人有自己不同的选择，所以冒险是你可以选择做或选择防止的事情。应选A项。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，假设无明显主题句，就通过关键词句 来概括（如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形 容词）。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是表达全文中心的。例如本文第3 题，第五段的要点，就在段落第一句上，准确理解了段落第一句，也就抓住了段落要点。DAlzheimer's AIAn estimated 5.7 million people in the U.S. have Alzheimer's disease-the most common type of dementia（痴 呆）and that number is expected to more than double by 2050. Early diagnosis is crucial for patients to benefit from the few therapies available. But no scans can deliver a conclusive diagnosis while a person is alive; instead doctors have to conduct numerous and complicated clinical and neuropsychological tests.So there is growing interest in developing artificial intelligence to identify Alzheimefs based on brain imaging.Researchers at the University of California,San Francisco, have now successfully trained an AI algorithm（算法） to recognize one of the early signs of Alzheimer's-a reduction in the brain*s glucose （葡萄糖）consumption-in positron emission tomography （PET） imaging.The algorithm accurately predicted an eventual Alzheimer's diagnosis in nearly all the test cases, according to the study. In PET imaging, a very small amount of a radioactive compound are injected into the body, producing three-dimensional images of metabolism（新陈代谢）,circulation and other cellular activities. PET is well suited for an AI diagnostic tool because Alzheimefs leads to subtle changes in the brain's metabolism that begin years before neural（神经的） tissue starts to go downhill, says study co-author Jae Ho Sohn,a radiologist at UCSF. These changes are "very hard for radiologists to pick up,"he notes.The algorithm was trained and tested on 2,100 PET brain images from about 1,000 people 55 years and older.The images came from a 12-year study that tracked people who would ultimately be diagnosed with Alzheimer's, as well as those with mild memory declines and healthy control participants. The algorithm was trained on 90 percent of the data and tested on the remaining 10 percent. It was then retested on a second, independent data set from 40 patients monitored for 10 years. The algorithm was highly sensitive and was able to recognize 81 percent of the patients in the first test group and 100 percent in the second who would be diagnosed with Alzheimefs six years later, on average. The findings were published in February in Radiology.The algorithm is based on ndeep learning ,a machine-learning technique that uses artificial neural networks programmed to learn from examples. nThis is one of the first promising,preliminary（初步的） applications of deep learning to the diagnosis of Alzheimefs," says Christian Salvatore, a physicist at Italy's National Research Council, who was not involved in the study. "The model performs very well when identifying patients with mild or late diagnoses", he says, "but catching it in the earliest stages remains one of the most critical open issues in this field.n 22. People are increasingly interested in using AI to identify Alzheimer's becausethe number of people suffering from dementia is more than doublingdiagnostic methods that are both reliable and convenient are in needthere are only a limited number of effective therapies for the patientsA. diagnosing Alzheimer's disease through AI is still an unexplored area 23. What can we learn about PET imaging?A. It recognizes the worsening of the neural tissue.B. It reduces the glucose consumption in the brain.C. It changes the pattern of the brain's metabolism.D It photographs various kinds of cellular activities.24. According to Paragraph 4,.A. 90% of the people in the study were trained on the algorithmthe participants in the study consist of people both young and old81% of the people in the first test group were diagnosed with Alzheimer'sthe algorithm managed to recognize all the patients in the second test group 25. What can be inferred from Paragraph 5?A. The algorithm serves as a promising treatment of Alzheimefs.B. Deep learning has been widely applied in diagnosing Alzheimefs.C. To detect Alzheimefs in its earliest stages calls for more exploration.D. Whether to use the model to detect Alzheimer's remains a critical issue.【答案】22.B23. D 24. D 25. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了利用人工智能诊断老年痴呆症，能够较早确诊。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Early diagnosis is crucial for patients to benefit from the few therapies available. But no scans can deliver a conclusive diagnosis while a person is alive; instead doctors have to conduct numerous and complicated clinical and neuropsychological tests.So there is growing interest in developing artificial intelligence to identify Alzheimer's based on brain imaging.（早期诊断对于患者是至关重要的，为了从可用的少数疗法中受 益。但是，在一个人还活着的时候，没有任何扫描可以提供决定性的诊断；相反，医生必须进行大量复杂 的临床和神经心理学测试。因此，人们越来越有兴趣开发人工智能来识别基于大脑成像的阿尔茨海默病。y 可推断，人们越来越有兴趣使用人工智能来识别阿尔茨海默病是因为需要即可靠又方便的诊断方法，应选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“In PET imaging, a very small amount of a radioactive compound are injected into the body, producing three-dimensional images of metabolism（新陈代谢）,circulation and other cellular activities.（ 在 PET成像中，很少的放射性化合物被注入体内，产生新陈代谢的、循环的和其他细胞活动的三维图像厂可知， PET影像拍摄各种细胞活动。应选D。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“The algorithm was highly sensitive and was able to recognize 81 percent of the patients in the first test group and 100 percent in the second who would be diagnosed with Alzheimer's six years later, on averages该算法高度敏感，平均来说，成功识别了第一试验组81%的患者，六年后，识别了第二实验组100% 的患者）”可知，该算法成功地识别了第二试验组的所有患者。应选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“but catching it in the earliest stages remains one of the most critical open issues in this field.（在早期阶段识别它仍然是这一领域最关键的未决定的问题之一。广可知，要在最早的阶段发现阿尔茨 海默病，需要更多的探索。应选C。四、词汇选择。本大题共20小题，共20分。26. Ken's father is an athlete, and Ken has the similar for sports.A. enthusiasmB. sustainabilityC. extent【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：肯的父亲是一名运发动，而肯对体育运动也有相似的热情。A. enthusiasm 热情；B.sustainability持续性；Cextent程度。根据上文的similar可推断，肯对运动有相似的热情。应选A。【点睛】often turn to my friends for support when I have difficulty with problems.A. keeping upB. luringC. coping【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词/动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我在处理问题上遇到困难时，我经常向朋友寻求支持。A. keeping up (with)跟上,赶上；B. luring劝诱，引诱；C.coping (with)应付，处理。根据句意和句中“problems” 可知，句中指在处理问题上遇到困难时，"cope with”意为“应付，处理"，"have difficulty (in) doing sth." 意为“做某事有困难”，故空格处应用“cope”的动名词形式“coping”。应选C项。28. Though Sam's music player didn't work well, he was to throw it away.A. reluctantB. steepC. extensive【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然山姆的音乐播放器效果不好，但他不愿意把它扔掉。A. reluctant 不情愿的，勉强的；B. steep陡峭的；突然的，急剧的；C. extensive广阔的；广泛的；大量的。根据都好 前从句局部的含义“Though Sam*s music player didrft work well,虽然山姆的音乐播放器效果不好”可知此句 为让步状语从句，因此主句局部表示转折，因此可知虽然播放器不好用了，但是他还是愿意扔掉它。应选A 项。29. During the department store's annual autumn, all clothing will be half price.A. engagementB. promotionC. interaction【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在百货公司一年一度的秋季促销期间，所有的衣服都是半价。A. engagement 约定;B. promotion 促销活动；C. interaction 互动。根据后文“all clothing will be half price.”可知, 因为所有的衣服半价销售，所有此处指百货公司在促销。应选B。30. The royal family has announced that the of the new baby is female.A. weightB. issueC. gender【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：皇室宣布新生儿的性别为女性。A.weight重量；B.issue问题；C.gender性别。 根据空格后“female”可知，空格处指性别。应选C。31. Some department stores offer a 20% discount on food products six hours before the date on theproduct.A. packagingB. expirationC. composition【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些百货公司在食品保质期前6小时提供20%的折扣。A.packaging外 包装；B.expiration 到期;C. composition 作文。根据“offer a 20% discount on fdod products”可知，食品到期之 前百货公司才会打折，expiration date "（食物的）有效期”。应选B。32. If you have any problem the homework, you can ask teachers for help.A. regulatingB. regardingC. recommending【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析和介词词义辨析。句意：如果你对作业有任何问题，你可以向老师寻求帮助。A. regulating （动词现在分词）控制;管理;B. regarding （介词）关于;至于；C. recommending （动词现在 分词）建议;推荐。分析可知,空前"anyproblem"与空后"thehomework”之间缺少介词,根据后文“you can ask teachers for help（你可以向老师寻求帮助）”语境可知，寻求老师的帮助应是遇到了与作业相关 （regarding）的问题。应选B项。33. Chris is not a confident person, so he tends to when he needs to make a decision.A. defineB. depleteC. hesitate【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：克里斯不是一个自信的人，所以当他需要做决定时，他往往会犹豫。A. define 下定义;B. deplete 用尽；C. hesitate 犹豫。根据前文“Chris is not a confident person”可知,因为克里 斯不是一个自信的人，所以在做决定时，他犹豫了。应选C。34. On the evening of July 1st 2021, the brilliant colors and designs of the fireworks millions of peoplecelebrating the centenary of the CPC.A. dazzledB. wanderedC. encountered【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年7月1日晚上，烟花的绚丽色彩和图案使庆祝中国共产党成立 一百周年的数百万人惊叹。A.dazzled使惊叹；B.wandered漫游；C.encountered遇到。根据空格前“the brilliant colors and designs of the fireworks以及句意可知，空格处应填表示“使惊叹，使叹服”。应选A。35. The smoke by the chemical factories is polluting our air and we have to take action immediately.A. distractedB. releasedC. enrolled【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：化工厂排放出的烟雾正在污染我们的空气，我们必须立即采取行动。 A.distracted分散（注意力）；使分心；B.released释放;发布；排放；C.enrolled注册；登记；招收。根据 后文中的“the chemical factories化工厂”和“is polluting our air正在污染我们的空气”，可知是被“排放，释放” 的烟雾。应选B项。36. It is because of our hard work that our band is of performing the new songs in such a short time.A. strategicB. energizedC. capable【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：因为我们的努力，我们的乐队能够在这么短的时间内演奏这些新歌。A.strategic 战略性的；B.energized充满热情的；C.capable有能力的。be capable of能够做某事。结合句意，故答案为 CoThe map shows