计算机网络实验：实验五 OSPF 路由协议.docx
实验五OSPF路由协议一、实验目的.学习路由的基本原理；1 .掌握链路状态路由算法的基本原理；.熟悉OSPF单区域配置。二、应用背景OSPF（Open Shortest Path First）为IETF OSPF工作组开发的一种基于链路状 态的内部网关路由协议，与RIP相比QSPF是链路状态协议，而RIP是距离 矢量协议。每一台OSPF路由器只有一个Router-ID,Router-ID可以以IP地 址的形式表示，也可以手工指定。路由器之间通过通告网络接口的状态，包括IP 地址，子网掩码，网络类型，度量值值等信息，来建立链路库，然后生成树，每个OSPF路由器使用这些最短路径构造路由表。OSPF是专为IP开发的路由协 议，直接运行在IP层上面，协议号为89,采用组播方式进行OSPF包交换，组播 地址为224.0.0.5 （全部OSPF设备）和224.006（指定设备）。当OSPF路由 域规模较大时，一般采用分层结构,即将OSPF路由域分割成几个区域（AREA）, 区域之间通过一个骨干区域互联，每个非骨干区域都需要直接与骨干区域连接，区 域之间交换路由信息摘要,减少需要传递的路由信息。OSPF适用于各种规模的 网络，收敛速度快，能够在最短的时间内将路由变化传递到整个自治系统。本实验 以2台R1762路由器、1台三层交换机为主要网络设备。S3760上划分有 VLAN1和 VLAN50,其中 VLAN10用于连接 Routeri,VLAN50用于连接 PC1;三、实验设备S3760交换机（1台）、R1762路由器（2台）、主机（2台）、V35线缆（1根）、直连 线或交叉线（2条）。、实验拓扑Vlan50VlanlO172. 16. 1.0/24S1/2S1/2F1/0PC2R2S3760172. 16.5. 11/24172. 16. 3.22/24PCI图5.1试验拓扑图五、实验步骤第1步:连线 将PC1的配线架上的网卡连接三层交换机S3760_l的F0/5端 口；将三层交换机S3760_l的F0/1和路由器R1的F1/0连接；将路由器R1 的S1/2和路由器R2的S1/2通过V35线缆连接；将路由器R2的F1/0和 PC2的配线架上的网卡连接.第2步:配置交换机平 Multilayer SwitchOPhysical Config CLIIOS Command Line InterfacePrimary Secondary Typeswitcher1#show ip inrexfaceFastEthernecO/1 is down, line protocol is down Internet protocol processing disabledFastEthernetO/2 is down, line protocol is down Internet protocol processing disabledFastEtherne*0/3 is down, line protocol is down Internet protocol processing disabledFastEthernetO/4 is down, line protocol is downInternet protocol processing disabled FascEthernetO/5 is up, line protocol is upInternet protocol processing disabled FastEthernecO/6 is down, line protocol is downInternet protocol processing disabledFastEthernetO/7 is down, line protocol is down Internet protocol processing disabledFa5CEthernetO/8 is down, line protocol is downInternet protocol processing disabledFastEthemecO/9 is down, line protocol is downprocessing down, line processing down, line processingdisabled protocol is down disabled protocol is down disabledInternet protocol FastEtherneO/lO is Internet protocol FastEthernetO/ll is Internet protocol-More- ICopy | Paste |图5.2查看交换机端口状态第3步:配置路由器甲 RouteriI一回 idInterfaceFastEthernetO/OIP-AddressOK? Method StatusYES manual upProtocolUPEascEchernetO/lxinassignedYES manual actaimstratively downdownSerial0/0/0YES manual upupVI.nlunassignedYES manual adnamatrarively downdownrouter2l|Physical Config CLIIOS Command Line Interfacerouter2(config-i£)#ip address 172.160.2.1 25S.255.255.0 router2(config-if)#clock rate 64000 router2(con£ig-if)#no shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface 5erial0/0/0r changed state to up router2(config-if)te%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0r changed state to up xicrouter2(config> texitrouter2#%SYS-5-C0NFIG_I: Configured from console by console router2lshow ip interface briefCopy PastePhysical Config CLIIOS Command Line Interface%LIHEPROTO-5-UPDOWi: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernetO/l, changed stace z o up routeri(config-if)texicroutexl (config) fmterface serial 0/0/0xouterl (conf ig-if) tcloclc rate 64000 routexl(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial。/。/。, changed state to down routeri(config-if)I%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface SerialO/O/O, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOHN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0r changed state to uprouteri(confia-if)routeri(confia-if)lexicrouteri(config)$exixrouteri#%SYS-5-C0NFIG_I: Configured from console by consolerourerl#3how ip interface briefrouterltInterfaceIP-AddressOK?MethodStatusProtocolFastEthernetO/0unassignedYESsanualadministratively downdownFastEthernetO/iYESsanualupUPSerial0/0/0YESzsanualupUpvianlunassignedYESmanualadministratively downdownCopy Paste图5.3路由器接口的配置和状态第4步:配置OSPF路由协议图5.4交换机的路由表状态RouterO.一晅PhysicalConfigCLIIOS Command Line Interface%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console00:38:01: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.160.3.1 on Serial0/0/0 from to FULL, Loading Done routeri# routerltshow ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 El - OSPF external type T, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, LI - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, la - IS-IS inte * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set172.160.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets C172.160.1.0 Is directly connected, FastEthernetO/lC172.160.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0O172.160.3.0 110/782 via 172.160.2.1, 00:00:47, Serial0/0/0routeri#Copy Paste图5.5路由器1的路由表状态Routeri = | 回Physical Config CLIIOS Command Line Interfacerouter2(config-router)tendrourer2t %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console router2# router21show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 El - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, LI - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inte * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set172.160.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets O172.160.1.0 110/782 via 172.160.2.1, 00:01:32, Serial0/0/0C172.160.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0C172.160.3.0 is directly connected, FastEthernetO/0router21Copy | Paste图5.6路由器2的路由表状态验证三台路由设备的路由表，查看是否自动学习了其它网段的路由信息。配置PC1”网络实验网卡的IP地址为:172.16511/24,网关设为172.16.5.1;配置PC2"网络实验网卡的IP地址为:172.16.3.22/24,网关设为第6步:测试网络的连通性在PC1命令行下输入:ping 172.16222;在PC2命令行下输入:ping 172.16.5.11;<PCO口Physical Config Desktop图5.7 PCI连通性测试Physical Config Desktop取PC1图5.8 PC2连通性测试
