新高考高中英语语法二轮专题复习（全国通用）代词考点讲义21物主代词的句法功能和不可省略的地方知识点总结.docx

2022届新高考高中英语语法二轮复习【全国通用】代词考点讲义21【精讲版】物主代词的句法功能和不可省略的地方知识点总结 一、形容词性物主代词的句法功能形容词性物主代词具有形容词的性质，所以它在句子中可以用作定语，但是注意，它不用作表语。如：He's one of my nearest relatives. 他是我最近的亲戚之一。The hotel staff will attend to all your needs your every need. 旅馆工作人员将满足你的一切需要。He gave his employer two weeks' notice. 他提前两周告诉老板(他要辞职)。My object in coming here was to get her address. 我来这里的目的是为了得到她的地址。We are sometimes obliged to do something against our will. 我们有时会不得不做一些违背自己意愿的事情。The different religions were an obstacle to their marriage. 他们俩宗教信昂的不同是他们婚姻的一大障碍。I prefer the chair in its old place. 我觉得这把椅子还是放在老地方好。二、名词性物主代词的句法功能名词性物主代词与名词用法相似，它在句子中可以用作以下成分：1. 作主语。如：This is hers. Yours is over there. 这是她的，你的在那儿。Hers is a lonely life. 她的生活很寂寞。Theirs are the children with very fair hair. 他们的孩子是那些长着满头金发的。Ours is the middle house in that row of five. 那排房子共有5间，我们的房子在中间。2. 作表语。如：The basketball is mine. 这个篮球是我的。Gina says this book is hers.吉娜说这本书是她的。The money is theirs. 这钱是他们的。Final victory is ours. 最后的胜利是我们的。She said it was hers, but we insisted it was ours. 她说那个是她的东西，而我们坚决认为那个是我们的。3. 作宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语）。如：His birthday is not far from mine. 他的生日和我的生日相隔不远。I do my work, and they do theirs. 我干我的事，他们干他们的。Our team will certainly triumph theirs. 我们队必将战胜他们队。American cars are different from ours. 美国造的汽车和我们的不一样。The Smiths live in the apartment above ours. 史密斯一家住在我们楼上的一套房间里。说明：物主代词的 its 通常是形容词性的，很少用作名词性，也就是说，物主代词 its 后通常要接一个名词，很少单独使用（比如用作主语、宾语或表语）。当然在极少数情况下也用将其用作名词性物主代词的。如：The cherry tree gives its share of colour to the garden, and the lilac tree gives its.History has its lessons and fiction has its. 注意不要按汉语习惯省掉该用的物主代词 请看下面的题，要填物主代词吗？When I told him the news, he smiled and shook _ head.A. the                   B. his                    C. a                    D. ×此题应选B。容易误选D。因为按照汉语习惯，通常只说“摇头”，而不说“摇他的头”。在汉语中，像“我的”、“你的”这类词有时可以省略，但在英语中，这类相应的物主代词却通常不宜省略。如：有问题请举手。正：Put up your hands if you have any questions.误：Put up hands if you have any questions.他切伤了手指。正：He had his finger cut.误：He had finger cut.他拿起帽子就走出了房间。正：He picked up his cap and left the room.误：He picked up cap and left the room.别把手放在口袋里。正：Dont put your hands in your pockets.误：Dont put hands in pockets.有时英语中也可以省略物主代词。如：他来时，我正在吃早餐。正：When he came, I was having breakfast.正：When he came, I was having my breakfast.但是有时物主代词的有无，会产生语义上的差异。如：lose heart 灰心lose ones heart (to) 倾心于(某人)，爱上(某人)