新概念英语第一册101110课自学笔记很全很好.doc

Lesson 101write wrote written 1.Read Jimmys card to me , Penny. read后面接了两个宾语，一个是Jimmys card ,一个是me，所以，这句话还可以这样来说：Read me Jimmys card please.2.直接引语和间接引语“I have just arrived in Scotland and Im staying at a Youth Hostel” 这是一个直接引语的例子。直接引语是英文中用书面语的形式来表示口语的方式，实际的话要放在引号之间，句尾的标点符号也要放在引号之内。 下面三句都属于间接引语：He says hes just arrived in Scotland.He says hes staying at a Youth Hostel.He says hell write a letter soon.3. the YHA=the Youth Hostels Association 青年招待所协会。简称“青招协”。the Youth Hostel是一种为参加野外探险度假活动的青年人提供廉价住宿的招待所。这种青年招待所实行会员制，首先要加入“青招协”才有资格享受这种待遇。 在组织机构的前面，我们通常要加上定冠词the，例如：the United Nations 联合国the International Olympic Committee 国际奥委会4 .speak up，大声地说。还可以这样说： Louder , please.5.hear和listen to hear 听见，听到 强调的是结果 Im afraid I cant hear you. listen to 听 强调的是动作 Listen to me, please.6.下列从句中，都省略了that。He says hes just arrived in Scotland.He says hes staying at a Youth Hostel.He says hell write a letter soon. You know hes a member of the Y.H.A.Im afraid I cant hear you.I hope you are all well.He hopes we are all well.7 .Love，Jimmy 爱你的吉米。 Yours，Jimmy 你的，吉米。这是朋友间通信时常用的结束语。8. He doesnt say very much,does he? 这是一个反意疑问句 它的回答如下： No, he doesnt. 是的，他没有写多少。Yes, he does. 不，他写了很多。 She went to Paris last month,didnt she? Yes, she did. 是的，他去巴黎了。No , she didnt. 不，他没有去。 这是英文中的反意疑问句，它是由两部分组成的，前面是一个陈述句，逗号之后是一个简略问句。反意疑问句可以用来确认自己的判断，获取真实的信息，还可以用来表示惊讶、愤怒等感情。如果前一部分陈述句是肯定形式，简略问句就要用否定形式；如果前一部分是否定形式，后一部分则用肯定形式。9.He cant write very much on a card. I write to my family regularly. write to 给某人写信 The teacher wrote the answers on the blackboard.10.本课基本句型：（都省略了that） Im afraid He says He hopesIm afraid I cant hear you.He says hell write a letter soon.He hopes we are all well.11.反意疑问句肯定式， + 否定式？否定式， + 肯定式？be动词The pen is yours, isnt it?Yes, it is. No, it isnt.That was a wonderful night, wasnt it?Yes, it was. No, it wasnt.You arent a teacher ,are you?Yes, I am .No, Im not.一般动词Lucy likes English ,doesnt she?Yes, it does. No, it doesnt.Tom is skating, isnt he? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.You dont study Chinese, do you?Yes, we do.No, we dont.情态动词Your brother can swim, cant he?Yes, he can. No, he cant.The workers had to take the first bus,didnt they? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.Your brother cant swim, can he?Yes, he can.No, he cant.现在完成时Tom has lived here for many years, hasnt he? Yes, he has. No, he hast.He hasnt been to the Great Wall, has he?Yes, he has.No, he hast.12.直接引语和间接引语 当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。当直接引用的句子为不同类型时，间接引用的句式变化很大。 当我们引用别人说话时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部分叫做直接引语。 当我们要引用别人的话语时，可以用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来，被引用的部分叫做间接引语。直接引语间接引语She said,“I like English very much.”Mike asked,“When will our plane land?”She said she liked English very much.Mike asked When their plane would land.（1）只须将原话放在引号之中，不做任何改动。（2）没有时态呼应的问题。（3）引用原话前可以用，“”，也可以用：“”。（4）原话的末尾，按其类别放一个句号或问号等。（1）不要逗号、冒号、引号。（2）要考虑到人称的变化。（3）要考虑到时态的变化。（4）要考虑到时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。He said,“Im sleepy.”He said that he was sleepy.She said,“Your younger brother broke it.”She said that my younger brother had broken it.”He said,“I have lived in Beijing since 1950.”He said that he had lived in Beijing since 1950.13.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语。连接宾语从句的有从属连词、连接代词和连接副词三类词。这三类词在句中的功能各异，请看下表。注意：宾语从句中的语序。词类在句中的功能举例中文释义例句从属连词that在句中不担任成分，可省略。that一般不译I believe that this house is for sale.I believe they will arrive shortly.whether ，if在句中也不担任成分，但都不能省略。whether是否We dont know if / whether our teaches will attend the class meeting.if是否连接代词除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中担任成分，做主语、宾语、定语。who谁（主格）I know who did the good deed. whom谁（宾格）whose谁的（所有格）what什么，所.的You must take back what you said.which哪个He asked me which shirt I liked best.连接副词除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中担任成分，做状语。when什么时候I want to know when the plane will take off.where什么地方He asked me where he would arrive.how怎样，如何Please tell me how I can get there.why为什么，的原因，之所以Our teacher asked me why I was late.Lesson 1021.tiredWhat does he say?He says he feels tired.2.thirstyWhat do they say?They say they are thirsty.3.a headacheWhats the matter with her?She says shes got a headache.4.an earacheWhats the matter with her?She says she has an earache.5. a licenceWhat does she need?She says she needs a licence.6.some moneyWhat do they want?They say they want some money.7.catchWhat must he do ?He says he must catch the bus.8.repairWhat can he do?He says he can repair this bus.9.sellWhat will he do?He says he will sell the house.Lesson 1031.How was the exam,Richard?这句话还可以这样说：How did the exam go?2.Not too bad. 不算太坏Pretty good 还不错 pretty 3.I think I passed in English and Mathematics我想我的英语和数学及格了。如果说通过某一个考试，直接用动词pass；如果说通过某一科目，则用pass in。fail 不及格pass / fail the English paper / test / exam4. paper这个词当“试卷”讲时，是可数名词。the English and Maths papers，英文和数学卷子。 paper当“纸张”讲时，是不可数名词。 a piece of paper. paper 还可以当“论文”讲。 Have you finished your paper?5 .How about ?怎么样? 相当于我们前面学过的What about? 用于征求他人意见或询问情况。What about you?How about going to France for our next holiday?6 .easy enough for me，是指对我来说不难，我可以完成和通过。而too difficult for me是指对我来说太难了，无法完成和通过。 “for”对于某人来说。The house isnt big enough for us. 形容词+enough to do sth. 十分（足够）Shes old enough to make her own decisions.He is rich enough to buy a plane.enough如果修饰形容词或副词，它必须放在形容词或副词的后面，例如上面两例。enough还可以做形容词来修饰名词，则放在名词的前面、后面都可以。I have money enough to buy a dictionary.I havent got enough money to pay for that car.7But I couldnt answer the rest. the rest of the queations.8.They were too difficult for me. too 过于 too+for sb / sth +to do 对于某人（某物）来说，太以至不能This pair of shoes are too small for me.The question is too difficult us to answer.too + 形容词/副词 + to do 太，（以至于）不能（做）He is too young to go to school.9.French tests are awful,arent they? awful可以形容人或物，表示“很可怕”、“很糟糕”、“很讨厌”。 hate 在口语中常用来表示非常强烈的语气。I hate them.I hate traffic jams. 我很讨厌堵车I hate telling lies. 我讨厌撒谎10.Im sure Ive got a low mark.a high markIm sure Ive done badly / well.11.cheer up，振作起来。可以用来鼓励你的同学、朋友或同事等。12.Perhaps we didnt do too badly. too badly 那么糟糕。13.The guy next to me wrote his name at the top of the paper. guy口语中常用，相当于person。The person beside me at the top of 在顶端、在上方 at the bottom of 在末端、在底端14.文中的yes? 相当于And then? 意思是：然后呢？然后怎么了？15.Then he sat there and looked at it for three hours. for three hours 连续三个小时。16.本课基本句型I could answer the questions.They were very easy.I couldnt answer the questions.They were too difficult.The question were easy enough for me to answer.The question were too difficult for me to answer.17.名词（1）名词的种类分类例词专有名词指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。它的第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。表示人名Li Bai 李白 Lu Xun 鲁迅 Mr. Dick 迪克先生 Chairman Hu 胡主席表示地名China 中国 Chang an street 长安街London 伦敦 Zhong shan Park 中山公园由普通名词构成的专有名词the United States of America 美国the Summer Palace 颐和园普通名词指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名称。可数名词个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体student teachercar panda集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体family police armyteam crowd grouppeople不可数名词抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念music cold loverest power（威力）物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或实物water tea airfire rain wood（2）单数可数名词如果我们要表示一本书，一只鸟，一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数形式。表示名词的单数，要在名词前加不定冠词a或an。例如：a bird an eggThis is a desk.There is an orange on the table.a和an的使用区别a以辅音开头的名词前a book a pen a new orangean以元音开头的名词前an apple an old desk an orange（3）复数可数名词规则变化规则变化例句1在一般情况下，词尾后加-s在清辅音后读sbookbooks cupcups 在浊辅音和元音后读zbedbeds 其它Boys horses pages 2以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词，加-es，读作izbusbuses boxboxes dishdishes watchwatches 3以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v，再加-es，读作vzhalfhalves wifewives 4以o结尾的词，词尾加es或s，都读zheroheroes potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes zoozoos pianopianos photophotos 5以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加es，读izcitycities familyfamilies 6以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加s，读zdaydays boyboys 7以th结尾的词，在词尾加sth读 ，加上s读 th读 ，加上s读 mouthmouths pathpaths monthmonth 不规则变化不规则变化例词1元音发生变化manmen womanwomen footfeet toothteeth mousemice goosegeese 2词尾发生变化childchildren 3单、复数形式不变fish sheep deer Chinese Japanese 4有些名词只有复数形式clothes衣服 trousers裤子 glasses 眼睛等 Your trousers are over there合成名词变为复数时变化例词1把第一个或最后一个词变成复数highwayhighways girl friendgirl friends son-in-lawsons-in-law女婿2把构成合成名词的两个词都要变为复数man doctormen doctorswoman teacherwomen teachers（4）名词的用法名词在句中可以担任除谓语外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾补、定语等例句说明1China is a great country.名词作主语2Im a student.名词作表语3All of us love peace.名词作动词宾语4They are listening to music.名词作介词宾语5You should study English step by step.名词作状语6The party lasted two hours.名词作状语7Our school named our class Lei Feng class.名词作宾补8This is our teachers office.名词所有格作定语9Ten minutes walk isnt long.名词所有格作定语Lesson 1041.clever answer all the questionsCould he answer all the questions?Yes, he could.He was clever enough to answer them.2.stupid answer all the questionsCould he answer all the questions?No, he couldnt.He was too stupid to answer them.3.cheap buy the carWhy could he buy the car?Because it was very cheap.4.expensive buy the carWhy couldnt he buy the car?Because it was too expensive.5.loud hear the stereoWhy could they hear the stereo?Because it was very loud.6.low hear the stereoWhy couldnt they hear the stereo?Because it was too low.7.sweet eat the orangeCould she eat the orange?Yes,she could.It was sweet enough for her to eat.8.sour eat the orangeCould she eat the orange?No, she couldnt.It was too sour for her to eat.Lesson 105spell spelt spelt 1.I want her.I want to see / speak to her.2.Do you want to speak to her? 在这句话中，to speak是动词want的宾语，而这个结构动词原形前加to在英文中被称为动词不定式。本课用动词不定式作宾语的例句还有： 1 want her to come to my office； Tell her to come at once； Did you want to see me； 1 want you to type it again等。3.want的三种用法：want sb. / sth. I want her.want to do sth. Do you want to speak to her?want sb. to do sth. I want her to come to my office.4.Tell her to come at once.Tell sb. to do sth. 它的否定式是：Tell sb. (not) to do sth.5.Can you tell me?完整意思是：Can you tell me how to spell intelligent?6. full of ,充满了。This letters full of mistakes.The room is full of smoke.Her eyes were full of tears.7.Im sorry about that. be sorry about sth.sorry后面还可以跟从句。例如：Im sorry I made so many mistakes.8 .And here's a little present for you。 这里and表示承上启下，使上下文紧密联系，当“于是”，“因此”讲。9.many,much,a few, few, a little,little辨析：many（多数）只能和复数可数名词连用At the party I didnt know many people.much（多量）只能和不可数名词连用How much money do you have?a few（肯定）few （否定）用于可数名词But we have a few small differences,too.（有区别）We have few differences. （没区别）a little（肯定）little （否定）用于不可数名词They were all very big and strong , and we felt a little afraid of them.Although they were all very big and strong ,we felt little afraid of them. 既可以修饰可数名词，也 a lot of much 可数名词之前 可以修饰不可数名词。主 lots of = 用于否定句或疑问句中 要用于肯定句中。 plenty of many 不可数名词之前例如：We havent got much tea or coffte.We havent got many tomatoes.We have got a lot of potatoes.10.I hope itll help you.如果指出有所帮助的具体方面，我们可以用“with”这个词。I hope itll help you with your spelling.I often help my mum with the cleaning.11.动词不定式基本句型1：I want to go. 基本句型2：He wants to go.基本句型3：I wanted to go.基本句型4：They were asked to go.（他们被要求去）基本1是动词不定式的典型用法，它有两个表示动作的词语：一个是want，另外一个是to go。want是这个句子的主要动词，它会随着主语的人称、数和时态而变化。to go不管主语的数、人称和时态如何变化，它永远保持“to+动词原形”的形式，to go就是不定式。在基本2、3、4中，主语、时态、语态有变化，但不定式to go不受影响，毫无变化。动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语；但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式可以在句中担任名词、形容词、副词的作用。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。例如：I want to read the book. （我想读这本书。） 主语 谓语 不定式 read的宾语 He wants to speak at the meeting. （他想在会议上发言。） 主语 谓语 不定式 speak的状语不定式前的to及做介词to的区别：不定式前面的to（也称作小品词）和做介词的to是有差别的。介词to之后要跟名词、代词的宾格，或相当于名词的词及短语做它的宾语。而不定式to之后要跟动词原形。want to read. （不定式的小品词） to read the book. （不定式的小品词） listen to me. （介词to）12.本课基本句型动词不定式I want you / him / her / them to Tell him / her / them toI want her to come to my office.Tell her to come to my office.I don/t want you / him / her / them to Tell him / her / them not toI dont want her to type this letter again.Tell her not to type this letter again.Lesson 106 I want you / him / her / them to Tell him / her / them to1.carry itWhat do you want me to do?I want you to carry it.2.correct itWhat do you want me to do?I want you to correct it.3.listen to itWhy is the boy putting a record on?Because he wants them to listen to it.4.move itThe policeman is talking to the man and the woman.Hes telling them to move it.5.try itThe woman is taking a cake to the man.She is telling him to try it.6.keep itWhat does the man tell the woman?He tells her to keep it.7.hurt yourself What did she tell him? She told him not to hurt himself.8.fall What did she tell him? She told him not to fall.9.break it What did she tell him? She told him not to break it.10.cut yourself What did she tell him? She told him not to cut yourself.Lesson 107 Its too small1.Do you like this dress ,madam?madam，是对妇女的一种尊称，服务行业的人员常用此称呼；同时,对于不知姓名的女士也可以用此来表示尊重。这个单词也可拼作maam .2.in fashion 流行的Short skirts are in fashion now. They were in fashion last year. These shoes are in fashion now.3.Would you like to try it? try 在本句中的意思是“试穿”，我们还可以用“try on”来表示“ 试穿”。try it on 代词放在on的前面 try on the dress 名词放在on的后面4.Would you like?你愿意吗?用来表示委婉的请求或提议。Would you like to go swimming?Would you like a glass of water? （后面还可以跟一个名词性的词组）5.Im afraid this green dress is too sma