【分析】2018年高考英语全国卷真题.docx

2018年高考英语全国I卷真题解析试卷导航语篇话题体裁词数难度阅读理解A活动介绍 应用文264+91=355易阅读理解B烹饪节目介绍新闻报道274+141=415中阅读理解C语言的消失说明文304+110=414难阅读理解D新旧电子设备能耗说明性议论文349+106=455中阅读七选五颜色在房间装饰中的重要作用说明文255+ 72 =327中完形填空国际大师通过象棋传授人生技能记叙文274中语法填空跑步的好处和注意事项说明文196中短文改错寒假去祖父母家感受到的变化记叙文113中书面表达告知信应用文100(左右)中试题解读第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights.语篇解读关键词bike tour，Washington, D.C.，explore主旨概要本文是一篇应用文，分别介绍了四种骑自行车游览华盛顿的活动。百科知识the National Mall：国家广场，是位于美国首都华盛顿特区的一处开放型国家公园。这里是美国国家庆典和仪式的首选地，同时也是美国历史上重大示威游行、民权演说的重要场所。Capitol Hill：国会山，也就是通常说的国会大厦，因其坐落在华盛顿特区海拔25米的全城最高点而得名国会山。语言知识重难点词reserve 预订；view 参观；explore 探索；share 讲述；knowledgeable 知识渊博的；bike v 骑自行车重难点词块a guided tour 有导游的观光；bottled water 瓶装水；entertain sb with sth 用某事物使某人快乐；get up close to 靠近；be equipped with 配备；reflective vests 反光背心；book in advance 提前预订长难句分析Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear! 句意为：趁樱花正盛，门票未磬，赶紧预订景点！句中availability指“可购得，可买到”的状态。Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. 句意为：无论上午还是下午，无论是初来乍到还是当地居民，如果想要一种健康舒适的方式感受华盛顿，骑车游览都是最佳选择。 looking to .作newcomers and locals的后置定语。 答案及解析21. A 事实细节题 根据第一段最后一句，Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear!可知，骑车看樱花是需要提前预定的。22. D 事实细节题 根据第三段第二句，Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知答案。23. D 事实细节题 根据第四段最后一句All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知答案。BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,” she explains. “I pay £5 for a portion (一份), bur Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series (系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less语篇解读关键词Save Money: Good Food主旨概要本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了Susanna Reid主持的烹饪节目Save Money: Good Food。这个节目旨在帮助家庭烹饪省钱、美味又营养的食物。百科知识ITV (Independent Television): 独立电视台，英国第二大无线电视经营商，于1955年设立。Good Morning Britain 早安英国，ITV的王牌节目，主持人是Susanna Reid。原文出处选自英国网站EXPRESS，2017年4月8日名为Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid on new cooking on a tight budget的文章。语言知识重难点词grill vt 追问，盘问 (grill基本义是“烧烤”，当人被反复盘问，就像是放在烧烤架上受煎熬，因此grill衍生为“追问，盘问”)takeaway n 外卖食品；外卖餐馆 (takeaway是由take + away构成的合成名词)value n 划算程度；range 一系列； special n 特别节目；inspiration 好主意；transform 使改变重难点词块be used to doing sth 习惯做某事；cook up a storm 尽情 / 起劲地做饭；on a tight budget 预算紧张；put . into practice 将付诸实践；follow in the footsteps of 效仿；give sb advice on . 给某人某方面的建议；the vast range of 各式各样的；household expense 家庭开销；come to the aid of sb = come to sbs aid 来帮助某人；assist sb in (doing) sth 帮助某人 (做) 某事长难句分析In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 句意为：在 Save Money: Good Food节目中，她每周拜访一个家庭，在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，为每个家庭准备每天花费不到5英镑的食谱，同时提供如何减少食物浪费的高招。with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt 是插入语，and连接动词visits和offers，while引导时间状语从句。答案及解析24. B 推理判断题 根据第一段 ., but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 和第二段In Save Money: Good Food, she visits .可推断，Susanna Reid主持了一个新的烹饪节目Save Money: Good Food。25. C 推理判断题 根据第二段 . with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt . 及第三段I pay £5 for a portion, but Matt makes them for 26p a portion . 可推知厨师Matt帮助Susanna做一些烹饪方面的工作。26. C 写作目的题 根据第四段可知Save Money: Good Food这个节目仿效了ITV出品的节目Save Money: Good Health。由此可知，这里作者是想介绍Save Money: Good Food这个节目的背景信息。27. D 主旨大意题 本文主要介绍了Susanna Reid主持的电视节目Save Money: Good Food。由第一段 . showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget，第二段 . offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day和最后一段The team transforms . with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 可知Save Money: Good Food这个节目旨在帮助家庭用更少的钱做出美味可口的饭菜。CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns.D. They were closely connected.29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex. B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6,800.B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400.D. About 1,200.31. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.语篇解读关键词languages, disappear主旨概要本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展，很多语言逐渐消失。百科知识1. 语言多样性是文化多样性的重要组成部分。全世界大约有6800 种语言，但超过400多种语言处于濒危境地，只有为数不多的老人会说这些语言。而每两周就会有一种语言消失，随之湮灭的还有宝贵的文化财富。2. the median number中位数，又称中点数、中值。中位数是按顺序排列的一组数据中居于中间位置的数，即在这组数据中，有一半的数据比它大，有一半的数据比它小。原文出处选自美国经济学人The Economist，2004年12月29日名为Bable runs backwards (The worlds languages are disappearing at the rate of one a fortnight. What to do?)的文章。语言知识重难点词populate (某地区) 居住着；hunter-gatherer 游猎采集部族成员； settled 稳定的，固定的；nation-state 单一民族的独立国家；increasingly 不断增加地；distribution 分布；uneven 不均衡的；relatively 相对地；pick 举例重难点词块come and go 来来去去；pattern of speech 语言模式；independent of 不受的影响；soon afterwards 不久以后；settle down (在某地) 定居下来；compulsory education 义务教育；take over 占上风；mild zones 气候温和地带；hot, wet zones 气候湿热地带；accounts for (数量上、比例上) 占；well over 远远超出；be close to 几乎 (处于某种状态)； at random 随机；have much chance of 的可能性很大长难句分析 and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. 句意为：亚洲和环太平洋地区大概有3200种语言，其中仅巴布亚新几内亚一个国家的语言就远超800种。of which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词3,200。句中的well为副词，意为“相当；远远地”。The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 句意为：所有语言使用者的中位人数仅为6000人，这就意味着世界上有一半的语言，它们的使用人数小于6000人。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子。写作句型. none of these seems to have much chance of survival.答案及解析28. B 事实细节题 根据第一段第二句和第三句，When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers . they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，在游猎采集时代，虽然人口很少，但语言种类很多。29. C 词义猜测题 根据第二段最后一句中的increasingly taking over，意为“越来越占据统治地位”，可知dominant意为“占优势的；占支配地位的”。30. B 事实细节题 根据第三段最后一句，The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.以及第四段第一句中的the total of 6,800 languages可知答案。31. C 主旨大意题 通读全文，可知文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展，语言的种类越来越少。D We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So whats the solution (解决方案)? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. T