【英语】2012年高考真题——(全国卷II)解析版12.doc

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（大纲版全国II解析）【试卷总评】 2012年全国II卷继续遵循“在稳定中求创新、在发展中求平衡”的原则。试题总体难度偏易，没有偏题、怪题。全国II卷是全国卷中难度最低的一套试卷。本试卷不考听力，以难度较小的单词辨音考查语音；用补全对话考查口语；全国II卷的单项填空考查知识全面，题干简洁、明快，容易理解；完形填空是一篇富有哲理性的记叙文，难度不大，文章内容不偏；阅读理解总体难度适中，没有什么似是而非的干扰项；阅读B篇部分同学因不了解sailing这项体育运动，可能会感到难些，阅读E篇较难；写作也是常见的书信形式，内容是过生日，学生很熟悉。单词拼写题难度较小；短文改错较难。总之，2012年全国II卷是一套难度较小的好题。第I卷第一部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节 语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分及所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1. theaterA. treasure B. wheat C. season D. realize 2. persuadeA. usual B. insist C. sugar D. trousers3. companyA. alone B. carrot C. money D. knock4. oppositeA. service B. outside C. pioneer D. police5. societyA. official B. recent C. chocolate D. difficult第二节 语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）6. -What shall we do tonight then? -_-whatever you want.A. Help yourself B. Its a deal C. No problem D. Its up to you 7. He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /8. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when9. Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herself B. this C. that D. it 10. Tony lent me the money, _that Id do as much for him.A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped11. I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.A. when B. than C. until D. after12. We _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down个房子但只完成了前面的部分。【考点定位】考查动词短语的含义。13. Next to biology , I like physics _.A. better B. best C. the better D. very well14. -Did you ask Sophia for help?-I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldnt B. dont C. didnt D. wont15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched16. 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.A. for B. at C. on D. of17. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need18. The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand20. -Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy.- Thanks. _A. So what? B. No way C. What for? D. You， too.第三节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Around twenty years ago I was living in York. 21 I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree, I could not find 22 work.I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had 25 five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 the job. “Why has my life become so 27 ?” I thought painfully.As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (认领) it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.At first I got angry. Then it 31 me I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to 35 more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at a larger 37 . She asked me if I would 38 a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers. I said yes.My 39 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 40 that I completely changed my life.21. A. AsB. ThoughC. IfD. When23. A. drivingB. repairingC. takingD. designing24. A. workingB. travellingC. discussingD. living25. A. prepared forB. attendedC. asked forD. held26. A. loseB. likeC. findD. get27. A. hardB. busyC. seriousD. short28. A. wave atB. drop offC. call onD. look for29. A. orderingB. promisingC. sayingD. showing30. A. in caseB. or elseC. as ifD. now that31. A. hurtB. hitC. caughtD. moved32. A. feelingsB. attentionC. strengthD. interests33. A. opinionsB. educationC. experiencesD. life34. A. listB. bookC. checkD. copy35. A. connectB. turnC. keepD. add36. A. herB. a passengerC. meD. my friend37. A. hospitalB. factoryC. restaurantD. hotel38. A. listen toB. reviewC. giveD. talk about39. A. planB. choiceC. dayD. tour40. A. operationB. speakingC. employmentD. thinking第二部分 阅读理解 (满分45分)第一节语篇阅读 (每小题2分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(每小题2分)(A)Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pets water. Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink. Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.41. What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?A. They are often forgotten by their owners.B. They are used to living outdoors.C. They build their own shelter.D. They like to stay in warm places.42. Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?A. To know when to bring them inside.B. To keep them from eating bad food.C. To help them find shelters.D. To keep them company.43. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may _.A. run short of clean waterB. dig deep holes for funC. dirty the snow nearbyD. get lost in the wild44. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. To give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story.D. To present a research result.(B)You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap (摆动). It shouldnt look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.45. What should you consider first while sailing?A. Sailors strength.B. Wave levels.C. Wind directions.D. Size of sails.46. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The boat.B. The wind.C. The sail.D. The angle.47. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?A. Move in a straight line.B. Allow the sail to flap.C. Lower the sail.D. Tack the boat.48. Where can you probably find the text?A. In a popular magazine.B. In a tourist guidebook.C. In a physics textbook.D. In an official report.(C)Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians dont smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.49. What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?A. Love.B. Politeness.C. Joy.D. Thankfulness.50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can _ .A. show friendliness to strangersB. be used to hide true feelingsC. be used in the wrong placesD. show personal habits51. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?A. Learn about their relations with others.B. Understand their cultural backgrounds.C. Find out about their past experience.D. Figure out what they will do next.52. What would be the best title for the test?A. Cultural DifferencesB. Smiles and RelationshipC. Facial ExpressivenessD. Habits and Emotions(D)ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia One of the worlds most famous fossils (化石) the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour, which will start in Houston next September.“Ethiopias rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not been worked out.Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-tall ape-man (猿人).【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了埃塞尔比亚的古老化石去美国展出的事件安排。53. The author writes this text mainly to _ .A. introduce a few U.S. museumsB. describe some research workC. discuss the value of an ape-manD. report a coming event54. What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A painting of the skeleton.B. A photograph of LucyC. A copy of the skeleton.D. A written record of Lucy.【考点定位】考查猜测词义。55. How many cities has Lucys U.S. tour plan already included?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Eleven.56. What was the skeleton named after?A. An ape-man.B. A song.C. A singer.D. A camp.(E)Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyones winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Heres how they work:A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic youre a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, its quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isnt on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, its quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldnt be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us in