2021-2022学年新教材高中英语 单元素养检测（四）Unit 4 Meeting the muse（含解析）.docx

单元综合检测(四).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AInourannualReadersChoiceAwardssurvey，weaskedourreaderstoratetheirfavoritecitiesintheworldforartsandculture.Thesecitiesarecentresofmusicanddance，museums，andtheatres.Herearefourofthemwhereyoucanfindinspirationinthearts，startingwiththetopspot.Rome，ItalyAtitspeak，theRomanEmpireextendedovernearlytwomillionsquaremilesoflandacrossEurope，AsiaMinorandNorthAfrica.Today，thathistoryisondisplayeverywhere.Thecitysmainattractionsarefamousnotbecauseoftouristadvertisements，butbecausetheyarereallysoimpressive.NowonderitsknownastheEternalCity：Youcouldspendforeverhereandfindnewartisticandculturaltreasureseveryday.Paris，FranceHemingwayfamouslycalledParis“amoveablefeast”，butwhereveryougowhileinthecity，thereisalwayssomethingtosee，hear，tasteorfeel.Withsome150museums，Parisdoublesasanarthistoryclass，offeringtheverybestofthedisciplineacrosscenturiesandstyles.London，TheUnitedKingdomLondonisinspirationandsettingfortheriseofShakespeare，Dickens，OrwellandEliotandthebreedinggroundforallthoseiconic(标志性的)bands：TheKinks，TheClashandTheStones.LondonisalsoBanksysfavoritecanvas，hometomorethan1，000galleries，andthekindofpacewhereyoucanspendawholedayinasinglemuseumandstillbereadyformorewhenitopensthenextmorning.Vienna，AustriaAsweallknow，WesternmusicwouldbeunrecognizablewithoutAustriascapital，whichnurturedmanyfamousmusicians.ItsalsothesiteoftheViennaSecession，arevolutionaryartmovementfoundedin1897byGustavKlimt.Visitorstodaycanseethefruitsofallthatcreativityinthecitys100oddmuseums.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了罗马、巴黎、伦敦、维也纳这四个艺术和文化城市。1WhyisRomeregardedastheEternalCity?AIthadanimportantroleinhistory.BItshistorycanbeseeneverywhere.CPeoplecaneasilyfindnewartandculture.DPeoplecanspendmoneywellthere.C细节理解题。根据文中的句子“NowonderitsknownastheEternalCity：Youcouldspendforeverhereandfindnewartisticandculturaltreasureseveryday.”可知，罗马被认为是永恒之城的原因是人们很容易发现新的艺术和文化。故选C。2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nurtured”inthelastparagraphmean?AProduced.BAffected.CAttracted.DChanged.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的句子“manyfamousmusicians”可知，此处表达的应该是“产生”了很多著名的音乐家。故选A。3Whichcolumncanweprobablyfindthetext?AHistory.BArt.CEducation.DLife.B推理判断题。本文主要介绍了四个艺术和文化城市。所以我们可以在艺术专栏中找到这篇短文。故选B。BIlovedsportsandIdreamedofbeingastarathleteinhighschool.However，somethinghappenedononewintermorningwhenIwasplayingabasketballgameformyruralleagueteam.Iwashavingaprettygoodgame.ButthenIrememberedfallingandscreamingforhelp.Ididntknowwhatwaswrongwithme.IlookedatmyleganditseemedasifIhadbrokenit.Iwastakentothehospitalimmediatelyinanambulanceandthenwasdiagnosedwithadislocatedpatella(膝盖骨脱臼)Mypatellawasnotputbackintoplaceforafewhoursbecausethedoctorsneededtomakesurenothingelsewasdamaged.Fora16yearoldboy，itwasalottotakein.Ikeptaskingdifferentquestions，like“Howdoesthisheal？”“WillIneedsurgery？”Iheadedhomelaterwithsomemedicinetorelievemypainandanappointmenttoseeadoctor.Throughmydoctorsvisit，Ilearnedthatitwasthewaymyownbodywasbuiltthatcausedmypatellatodislocate.Acombinationofthingsliketheanglesofmybody，ligaments(韧带)thatweretootightinsomeplacesandtoolooseinothers，andthefacttherewasnogroove(凹槽)formypatellatositin.Ineededaseriesofsurgeriesand6monthphysicaltreatmenttorecover.IkeptgoingandeventuallyIwentbacktoplayingsportswithabrace(支架)on.Today，Iamfeelingmuchbetterandbothofmykneeshaveremainedhealthy.Ihavetocontinuetokeepthemstrong，though，inorderforthesurgeriestocontinueworkingproperly.IcantsaythatmyconfidenceistotallybackbecauseIwillalwayshavethefearofsomethinghappening.ButIamreadytofacedifficultiesorchallengesinthefuture.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者一次打篮球时的受伤经历，以及此经历对作者今后生活产生的影响。4Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenhewasplayingbasketball?AHebrokehisleftleg.BHispatellawasoutofplace.CHisteammatefelltotheground.DHeheardascreamfromhisteammates.B细节理解题。根据第二段“.andthenwasdiagnosedwithadislocatedpatella(膝盖骨脱臼)”可知，作者在打篮球时膝盖骨脱臼了。5Whatistherealreasonfortheauthorsinjury?AHisintensesportsactivity.BHisphysicaldisadvantage.CHiscarelessbehavior.DHistightligaments.B细节理解题。根据第四段“Ilearnedthatitwasthewaymyownbodywasbuiltthatcausedmypatellatodislocate.”可知，作者受伤的真正原因是自身身体的缺陷。6Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardhispresentsituation?ACareful.BHopeful.CCurious.DSatisfied.A观点态度题。根据第五段“IcantsaythatmyconfidenceistotallybackbecauseIwillalwayshavethefearofsomethinghappening.”可推断，作者对自己的处境持小心谨慎的态度。7Whatisthetextmainlyabout?AAnadventuroussportingcareer.BEnthusiasmforplayingsports.CAlessonfromplayingsports.DAnincidentofplayingsports.D主旨大意题。结合本文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者在参加体育运动时发生的一个小事故。CWhenachildischoking，itmeansthatanobjectisstuckinthetrachea(气管)Whenthishappens，aircantflownormallyintooroutofthelungs，sothechildcantbreatheproperly.Thetracheaisusuallyprotectedbytheepiglottis(会厌)Itallowsfoodtopassdownandgointoourstomachandalsopreventsfoodfromgoingdownthetrachea.Butoccasionally，theepiglottisdoesntclosefastenoughandfoodcanslipintothetrachea.Ifachildischokingandcoughingbutcanbreatheandtalk，thismeanstheairwayisnotcompletelyblocked.Itsbesttodonothing.Watchthechildcarefullyandmakesureherecoverscompletely.Thechildwilllikelybefineafteragoodcoughingspell.Itcanbeuncomfortableforhim，butheisgenerallyfineafterafewseconds.Dontreachintothemouthtograbtheobjectorevenpatthechildontheback.Eitherofthesestepscouldmakethesituationworse.Sometimes，anobjectcangetintothetracheaandcompletelyblocktheairway.Ifairflowintoandoutofthelungsisblockedandthebrainisshortofoxygen，chokingcanbecomealifethreateningemergency.Achildneedshelpimmediatelyifhecantbreathe，orturnsblue.Begintheabdominalthrusts(腹部施压法)ifyouvebeentrainedtodoso.Whenapersondoesabdominalthrusts，asuddenburstofairisforcedupwardthroughthetracheafromthediaphragm(膈膜)andwilldislodgeaforeignobjectandsenditflyingupinto(orevenoutof)themouth.Allkidsareatriskofchoking，butthoseyoungerthan3areespeciallyatrisk.Youngkidstendtoputthingsintheirmouths，havesmallerairwaysthatareeasilyblocked，anddonthavealotofexperiencesofchewing，sotheymightswallowwholethings.Firstaidcoursesareamustforparents，orothercaregivers.Tofindone，checkwithhospitalsandhealthdepartmentsinyourcommunity.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了儿童发生窒息的原因，以及应对窒息的处理方法。8Whatcanweknowaboutepiglottis?AItstopsfoodfromflowingintothetrachea.BItclosesassoonasweswallowfood.CItconnectsthetracheaandthelungs.DIthelpschildrenbreathesmoothly.A细节理解题。根据第一段“.andalsopreventsfoodfromgoingdownthetrachea.”可知，会厌可以阻止食物流入气管。9Whatisadvisedtodoonceachildsairwayispartlyblocked?ATolethimgetbetternaturally.BToaskhimtocoughintensely.CTobeathisbackcontinuously.DTotaketheobjectoutofhismouth.A细节理解题。根据第二段“.airwayisnotcompletelyblocked.Itsbesttodonothing.”可知，当孩子气管被部分堵塞时，不需要采取任何措施，这种情况孩子可自行恢复。10Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dislodge”inParagraph4mean?APress.BRemove.CBreak.DSeparate.B词义猜测题。根据第四段中的腹部施压法的介绍以及“.andsenditflyingupinto(orevenoutof)themouth.”可知，腹部施压法是通过挤压形成向上的气流把异物通过气管排出体外，此处dislodge意为“移除”。11Whydokidsundertheageof3haveagreaterriskofchoking?ATheylackfirstaidcommonsense.BTheyhaveanarrowerairway.CTheyareusedtoeatingfast.DTheyhaveagoodappetite.B细节理解题。根据第五段“.havesmallerairwaysthatareeasilyblocked”可知，三岁以下的孩子容易窒息是因为他们的气管更窄小。DThepramosarehighmountainecosystemslyingbetween3，200and4，200metersabovesealevel.60%oftheirplantspeciescantbefoundinotherecosystemsintheworld.Theirplantspeciesformationtakeshundredsofthousandsofyears.ThepramosmeanalottoLatinAmerica.Thenativesettlersincludedthepramosintheirtraditionalceremonies，asagreatlyrespectedarea.TheMuiscapeopleofColombiascentralhighlandsbelievedthepramogavebirthtotheirancientmother.AMuiscachiefwassaidtohavecoveredhimselfwithgoldandthrownhimselfintoLakeGuatavita，encouragingtheconquistadores(西班牙征服者)togoonagreatgoldrushforhistreasures.DuringtheColombianWarofIndependence，SimnBolvarcrossedthePisbapramotoavoidSpanisharmy.Thepramosfeedstreams，riversandwatercatchmentareas.TheseinturnsupplywatertomajorSouthAmericancitiesincludingBogotandQuito.Thepramoshavearemarkableabilitytostorewaterthroughitsplantsanduniquegeologicalfeatures.Theyalsotakeincarbonthroughplantsandorganicmatterinthesoil.Humanactivitieslikemining(采矿)haveanegativeimpactonthisprocessbyreleasingcarbonstoredinthesoil，contributingtoglobalwarming.InColombia，wheremorethanhalfoftheworldspramosarelocated，thegovernmentismakingadecisiononthefutureofthesevaluableandfragileecosystemsthroughaprocessofofficiallydemarcating(给划界)theirboundaries.Totrulyprotectthepramosfromirreparabledamage，itisessentialtoclearlydefinetheirterritorialboundaries.TheSanturbnpramowillsoonbecomethefirstareatobeofficiallydemarcated，accordingtogovernmentplans.WhatisurgentnowisthatColombiasDepartmentofEnvironmentshoulddemarcatetheSanturbnpramosboundarybasedonthescientificprinciple.AnonoffcialorganizationAIDAistakingonlineactiontocallforthisproposal.AIDAistellingthepublicifthereareenoughpeoplesigningonitswebsitefortheplan，itllprobablyattractthegovernmentsattentionandwinabetterfuturefortheSanturbnpramo.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了pramos这一地球上独特的高寒生态系统，以及人类为保护这一生态系统所做的尝试。12WhatcanwelearnaboutthepramosfromParagraph2?ATheywereoncefilledwithamassofgold.BTheywereverycommoninLatinAmerica.CTheygotbadlydamagedbySpanisharmy.DTheyinfluencedLatinAmericanhistoryandculture.D推理判断题。根据第二段的“ThepramosmeanalottoLatinAmenca.”并结合本段内容可推断，pramos生态系统影响了拉丁美洲的历史和文化。13Whatstheroleofthepramoinpreventingglobalwarming?AIndicatingsignsofglobalwarming.BProvidingwaterforcitiesaroundit.CReservingriversandstreams.DKeepingcarboninthesoil.D细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theyalsotakeincarbonthroughplantsandorganicmatterinthesoil.”以及“.haveanegativeimpactonthisprocess.globalwarming.”可知，pramos生态系统通过植物和土壤中的有机物把碳保留在土壤里来预防全球变暖。14Whydidthegovernmentplantodrawthepramosterritorialboundaries?ATobetterprotectthepramosecosystems.BTomakefulluseoftheminesinthepramos.CTodivideresponsibilityforprotectingthepramos.DTosettleterritorialconflictbetweenneighboringregions.A细节理解题。根据第四段的“Totrulyprotectthepramosfrom.clearlydefinetheirterritorialboundaries.”可知，哥伦比亚政府划定pramos生态系统的边界是为了更好地保护它。15WhatisprobablyAIDAspresentwishforthepublic?ATopayavisittotheSanturbnpramo.BTofightagainstthepramosoldboundaries.CTorefusetoworkforlocalminingcompanies.DTosupporttheircauseoftheSanturbnpramoprotection.D推理判断题。根据第五段的“itllprobably.winabetterfuturefortheSanturbnpramo”可推断，AIDA希望公众支持其保护Santurbnpramo的事业。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)Haveyoueverstoppedtoconsiderhowemptytheworldwouldlookwithouttrees?Belowarefiveofthetopbenefitsthattreesprovide.16Whenadultswhoarefeelingdownspendtimeintheforest，theyfeelbetter.Foresttherapycanrangefromsimplywalkingamongthetreesforacoupleofhourstomeditating(冥想)inaforest.Theadultsnotetheybecomemoreconfidentandtheirmoodimprovesafterforesttherapy.Treeshelpyouhealfaster.Naturalenvironments，includingforests，helpyoureachamorepositivestateofmind.17Infact，sickpeoplewithexposuretonaturehealfasterthanthosewhodont，evenifitsjustaviewthroughawindow!Treesreduceairpollutionandimproverespiratory(呼吸的)health.Treestakeinmanyharmfulpollutantsfromourenvironment.18Theseforestsreduceanestimated670，000casesofrespiratoryillnessandsave850lives.Treesprovideoxygen.TreesarelikethelungsofourEarth.Theysupplyuswithoxygenwhiletakingawayourcarbondioxideandaskfornothinginreturn.Asingletreecanprovideenoughoxygenforfourpeople.19Treescoolcities.Treescoolthindownbyofferingshadeandthroughevapotranspiration(蒸散)20Treesevensaveyoumoneyonyourelectricbill.Whenatreeoffersdirectshadeforyourhome，youlluselessairconditioning.ATreescheeryouup!BTreeshelpreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.CThis，inturn，affectsyouroverallstateofwellness.DInfact，largeforestscaninfluenceregionalweatherpatterns.ESoplantmoretreesaroundyourhomeifyouwanttofeelcooler.FAndofcourse，treesalsoprovideplentyofoxygenforbirdsandotherwildlife.GForexample，intheUS，forestsremove17.4milliontonsofpollutionperyear.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树木对人类和环境的好处。16A此空设于段首，是本段的主题句，本段主要说明人们置身树林可以调节心情。A选项说树林可以振奋精神，符合语境。17C此空设于段中，与上句存在指代关系，C选项的“This”指代上句中的“amorepositivestateofmind”，说明积极的心态对身体健康也产生影响，并通过下文所举的sickpeople的例子进一步解释说明了这一影响。18G此空设于段中，与上句存在解释关系，上句说树木可以吸收污染物，G选项进一步举例说明仅在美国，树木和森林每年可消除一千七百多万吨的污染。19F此空设于段尾，与上句存在递进关系，上句说一棵树可以为四个人提供充足的氧气，F选项说树木当然也为鸟类和其它野生动物提供充足的氧气。20E此空设于段中，与上句存在因果关系，上句说树木可以通过提供阴凉和蒸散来给周围的事物降温，E选项说所以如果想更凉爽的话就在家附近多种树。.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Therearemanyanimalswaitingpatientlyinshelterstogetadopted.Thoughwemayfallinlovewithonesweetdog，its21topayattentiontoalltheloyalanimalswishingforahome.DariusBrown，anelevenyearoldboy，decidedtohelpanimalsget22andadoptedatafasterrate.DariusBrownusedhis23tocreateapositiveinfluenceafterhearingofthedisastrouseffectofHurricaneHarvey.Animalsacrossthecountrywereleft24homes，andalackofresourcesand25atanimalsheltersmeanttheydfaceeuthanasia(安乐死)Dariuswantedtoencouragepeopletoadoptthesepets，sohefoundedhisowncompany，“Beaux&Paws，”