2021-2022学年新教材高中英语 单元素养检测（五）Unit 5 Revealing nature（含解析）=.docx

单元综合检测(五).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AForestConservationVolunteerProgramVolunteerfortheforestconservation(森林保护)programinMadagascarandcontributetowardsprotectingoneoftheworldsmostuniqueecosystems.Studywildlifeinoneoftheworldsmostbiodiverse(生物多样的)regions.Makelifelongfriendsandreturnwithwonderfulstories，photos，andmemories.Forestvolunteersreceivetrainingonspeciesidentification，carryingoutfieldsurveys，fixingequipmentanddatacollection.Youllbeguidedbyprofessionalconservationistsduringthisvolunteertrip.VolunteerRoles&ResponsibilitiesStudythediversityandquantityofspeciestoidentifychangesinforestdynamics(动态)，populations，habitathealthandidentifypossiblelocalizedthreats.Carryoutsurveysofthelocalmammals，birds，reptiles，andamphibiansthatexistinthesurroundingforests.MealsThreemealsperdayareprovidedsevendaysperweek.Eachmealispreparedbyouronsitecooks，usingtraditionalMalagasycookingmethods，usingfresh，locallygrown，seasonallyavailableproduce.Fruitandvegetablesservedwillchangedependingontheseasonandavailabilityoflocalproduce.Cost2weeks3weeks4weeks5weeks$695$875$1，055$1，2356weeks7weeks8weeksExtraweek$1，415$1，595$1，775$180PleaseNote：Anapplicationfeeof$250ischargedoverandabovetheprogramfeeasanapplicationpayment.ProgramRequirementsTovolunteerinMadagascar，youneedtobeatleast18yearsold.Theremightbeexceptionsifyoucanprovidethepermissionofyourparentsorifyouareaccompaniedbyyourparents.Volunteersshouldbehighlyenergetic;haveapositiveattitudetomakingachange;possessacertainleveloffitness，sincetheislandlifeisnotaseasyasitmightseem!【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章是为一个马达加斯加森林保护志愿者项目做广告。1Whatkindofskillwillvolunteerslearnbytakingpartinthisprogram?AHunting.BPlantingtrees.CCollectingdata.DFeedingwildlife.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Forestvolunteersreceivetrainingon.datacollection.”可知，该项目的参与者能够学习到采集数据的技能。2Whatdoweknowaboutthemealsintheprogram?ATheywillservefoodmadeoflocalproduce.BTheyprovidefixedkindsoffruitseveryday.CTheyarecookedbyvolunteersthemselves.DTheyareavailableonlyonweekdays.A细节理解题。根据Meals部分中的“Eachmealisprepared.usingfresh，locallygrown，seasonallyavailableproduce.”可知，该项目的饮食主要取材于当地。3Howmuchdoesitcostintotaltojoinina9weekforestconservationprogram?A$1，955.B$2，025.C$2，205.D$2，505.C推理判断题。根据Cost部分可知，8weeks费用为$1，775，Extraweek费用为$180，再加上另外收取的报名费$250，故参加为期九周的项目总共要花费$2，205。BGraduatingfromcollegeisdifficult，butforMorehouseCollegestudentDacavienReeves，whoisgraduatingwithajobofferfromJP.Morgan，itisamostimportanteventbeyondhiswildestdreams.TwentytwoyearoldReeveswentthroughalotevenbeforemakingittocollege.ThewholefamilybecamehomelessafterhismomTashaGrahamfellillin2012.Reevesmadeuphismindhewouldneverbeinthispositioneveragain.Hebelievedthathewascapableandhardworking，soheknewcollegewashiswaytogo.HechoseMorehouseCollege，thewellknownHBCU(historicallyblackcollegesanduniversities)inAtlanta.ThestudentsatMorehouseCollegewerewelldressed.Theycouldexpressthemselvesclearly.Reevessaidhewantedtotalkanddresslikethemandhewantedtohavethoseexperiencesaswell.Reeveswasdisciplined(守纪律的)anddeterminedtofollowinthesamefootstepsoffamousalumni(校友)likeMartinLutherKingJr.AndfilmmakerSpikeLee.Hebeganworkinghard，juggling(同时应付)aschedulethatinvolvedcollegeandtakingcareofhisbrothersandsistersatthesametime.Reevesexplainedthathismotherworkeduntil1：00intheearlymorningeveryday，andhewouldtakecareofhisbrothersandsistersuntilshereturned.“ThisisamodelofthegreatestblackmindsinAmerica，”saidRobertBrown，ReevesprofessorandfellowMorehousealumnus.RobertBrownwitnessedtheefforthemade，sayingReevessetatypicalexampletoeverystudentinthecollege.Aftergoingthroughallthosestruggles，Reevesismorethanpleasedtoreceivetheamazingjobofferandconsidersitareward.Inadditiontodoingwellincollege，Reevesalsoequippedhimselfwithleadershipandservice.“Dontallowyourcircumstancestodecidewhatyouare，”Reevessaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了无家可归的DacavienReeves历经困苦，终于从名校毕业，并获得了去摩根大通公司工作的机会。4WhathappenedtoReevesin2012?AHebecameapoorkidwithnoplacetolive.BHemadeuphismindtobealeader.CHewenttocollegeonascholarship.DHewasabandonedbyhisparents.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TwentytwoyearoldReeves.homelessafterhismom.in2012.”可知，Reeves在2012年变成了一个无家可归的孩子。5Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?AItsnevertoooldtolearnanewskill.BRespectyourself，ornooneelsewillrespectyou.CThepowerofconfidenceandexamplesisendless.DWedonotknowwhatisgooduntilwehavelostit.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Hebelievedthathewascapableandhardworking”和“followinthesamefootstepsoffamousalumni”可推断，自信和榜样的力量是无穷的。6HowdidReevesfeelaboutgettingajobofferfromJP.Morgan?AConfident.BExcited.CHopeless.DIndifferent.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“itis.beyondhiswildestdreams”和第五段“Reevesismorethanpleased”可推知，获得这份工作邀请，Reeves心情十分激动。7Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?AHealthandHardWork：TheKeytoSuccessBIsGraduatingfromaUSCollegeTrulyHard?CHomelesstoHBCU：AnInspiringStoryofaBlackBoyDHowCanaGreatTeacherMakeaSuccessfulStudent?C标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了无家可归的DacavienReeves历经重重困难，终于从名校毕业，并获得良好工作机会的故事。CWealreadyknowthatexerciseisgoodforourbodiesandfightsaging.Dailyexercisefightsthelossofmusclefitnessthattendstocreepupwithage.Anditturnsoutthatithasthesamepositiveeffectsonourbrains.AstudypublishedinNeurologyClinicalPracticeexaminednearly100individualstudiesonexerciseandbrainfunction.Itdiscoveredthatexercisingforanaverageof52hoursoversixmonthsis“relatedtoimprovedcognitive(认知的)performanceinolderadultswithandwithoutcognitivedamage.”Thetypesofexercisesthatarebeneficialincludestrengthtrainingandmindbodyexercises.AnotherstudypublishedinScientificReportsalsolookedatthelinkbetweenfitnessandcognitiveperformance，thistimecontrollingcausesthatcouldmisrepresentresults，suchasbodyweight，educationandage.ThegroupofGermanscientistsbeganbystudyingalargedatabaseofMRIbrainscans(核磁共振大脑扫描)，withanaverageageof30yearsold.Asecondroundoftestinghadthevolunteerswalkasfastastheycouldfortwominutes，followedbycognitivetesting.Bothtestsrevealedthatafitterbodyisassociatedwithafitterbrain.“Itsurprisedustoseethateveninayoungpopulation，cognitiveperformancedecreasesasfitnesslevelsdrop，”saidteamleaderDr.JonathanRepple.“Weknewhowthismightbeimportanttoanelderlypopulationwhichdoesnotnecessarilyhavegoodhealth，buttoseethishappeningin30yearoldsissurprising.Thisleadsustobelievethatabasicleveloffitnessseemstobeapreventableriskfactorforbrainhealth.”Inpreviousstudies，neuroscientistshavelookedatthebrainactivityofyoungpeopleandcompareditwiththebrainactivityofpeopleover40.Whilecompletingcognitivetasks，youngerparticipantshadbrainactivitythatwashighlylocalized.Dependinguponwhattheywerethinkingabout，thescansonlylitupineithertherightorthelefthemisphere(半球)oftheirbrain.Buttheolderparticipantsusedfarmorebrainpowertocompletethesametasks.Nomattertheactivity，theoldervolunteerstendedtousebothhemispheresoftheirbrain.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过研究说明了为什么运动对大脑有好处。8Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“creepup”inParagraph1mean?AFadeaway.BPausesuddenly.CAppeargradually.DChangegreatly.C词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“exerciseisgood.fightsthelossofmusclefitness”，再结合常识可知，此处意为：随着年龄增长，我们的肌肉会慢慢变得越来越不健康。9Whatcanweinferfromthetwostudies?ASixmonthsexercisecantreatcertaindiseases.BBodyweightisalwaysirrelevanttobrainfunction.CAbouttwohoursexerciseaweekimprovesbrainfunction.DStrengthtrainingnegativelyaffectscognitiveperformance.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“exercisingforanaverageof52hoursoversixmonths.improvedcognitiveperformance”可推知，每周大约两小时的锻炼可提升大脑功能。10Whichistherightorderoftheprocessofthesecondstudy?Comparingtwotestsresults.Askingthevolunteerstowalkfor2minutes.Testingthevolunteerscognitiveability.Studyingbrainscansofyoungpeopleonadatabase.ABCDD细节理解题。根据第三段中的“beganby.afitterbrain”可知第二个研究的过程是：先研究数据库中年轻人的大脑扫描图片，然后要求志愿者快走2分钟，接着测试这些志愿者的认知能力，最后比对两种测试结果。11Thebrainactivityofyoungerparticipantstendsto_AhappeninaspecificarearelatedtothethinkingBbesimilartothatoftheolderparticipantsCshownarrowerviewsabouttheworldDbemuchmoreorganizedA细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“youngerparticipantshadbrainactivitythatwashighlylocalized.litupineithertherightortheleft.brain”可知，年轻人的大脑活动一般只发生在一个特定区域。DMostadultshavelowerlevelsofconcernaboutclimatechangethanyoungpeople.Yetitsadultswhohavethepowertoaffectthepoliciescontributingtoclimatechange.Nowanewstudyshowsthatteenagersmaybeabletoraisetheirparentsconcernsabouthumaninfluencesonclimate.Thekeyistotalkabouttheissuesandsharewhatyouvebeenlearningatschool.Foranewstudy，teachersusedanewcurriculum(课程)withthestudents.Itinvolvedmorethanjustlessonsaboutclimatechange.Thestudentsalsotookpartinservicelearningprojects.Studentswroteblogpostsaboutwhattheylearnedandsharedthosepostswithothers.Thestudentsalsointerviewedtheirparents.Someonemightaskhisorherdad，forexample，whatchangeshedseenintheirhometownsweatherovertime.Theprogrammadesurestudentswouldtalktotheirparents.However，Dr.Lawson，ascientistofthestudyteam，adds，“Atnopointdidwetellkidswhattothinkorwhattosay.Thatway，kidsdidntfeelthattherewasallthisresponsibilityIputonthemtochangetheirparentsmindaboutanything.”Fifteenmiddleschoolteachershadbeendividedintoeitheroftwogroups.One，thetestgroup，gottrainingonhowtousethenewcurriculumbeforeintroducingittostudents.Teachersinthecontrolgrouptaughttheirschoolsregularlessonsonclimatechange.Theseprogramsalsolackedtheextraactivities.Lawsonsteamdividedthestudentsandtheirparentsintotwogroups，too.Theresearchersthensurveyedthekidsandtheirparentsbeforeandaftertheschoollessonsonclimatechange.Parentsandstudentsinbothgroupsshowedmoreconcernaboutclimatechangeafterthelessons.Butfamilieswherekidshadbeeninthetestgroupshowedthebiggestchanges.And，Lawsonnotes，youdontneedaspecialcurriculumtodiscussclimateissuesathome.“Talktoyourparentsaboutwhatyouseegoingon，”shesays.“Dontbeafraidtoshareyourthoughts.Anddontfeeldiscouragedifyoudontchangeyourparentsmindsafteronechat，”sheadds.“Theimportantthingisnottogiveuphopeandbewillingtohavethoseconversations.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究表明青少年通过和家长交流在学校所学的气候知识，可以影响父母对气候的关注。12Howcanyoungpeopleincreaseparentsconcernsaboutclimate?ABymakingclimatepolicies.BByshowingthemscientificfindings.CBysharingtheirknowledgewiththem.DByinvitingthemtodoresearchprojects.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thekeyistotalkabouttheissuesandsharewhatyouvebeenlearningatschool.”可知，学生可通过与家长分享他们在学校学习的知识来提升家长对气候的关注度。13Whatdidthestudentsdointhenewstudy?AGavelessonsaboutclimatechange.BAttendedprojectsonservicelearning.CSharedtheirclimateblogswithparents.DInterviewedparentsabouttheirlessons.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thestudentsalsotookpartinservicelearningprojects.”可知，学生在研究中会参与服务性学习项目。14Thestudyteamavoidedteachingkidswhattosayorthinkbecause_AtheyrecognizedkidsgoodcommunicationskillsBtheydidntwanttoputtoomuchburdenonkidsCtheyhadsomedoubtsabouttheirownknowledgeDtheydidntbelievekidsinfluenceonparentsB细节理解题。根据第三段中的“kidsdidntfeelthattherewasallthisresponsibility.aboutanything”可知，研究人员不希望给孩子们增加负担，感觉改变父母的想法是他们的责任。15WhatcanweknowfromParagraph4?AParentsweresurveyedtwiceduringtheresearchprogress.BThetestgroupandthecontrolgroupshowedequalimprovement.CStudentswereputintoateamtocompeteagainsttheirparents.DTeachersinthecontrolgroupaddedextraactivitiesinthelessons.A推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Theresearchersthensurveyedthekidsandtheirparentsbeforeandaftertheschoollessons”可推出，家长参与两次调查。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Phoneaddictionhasanumberofnegativeeffects.Herearesomewaystoremoveit.Inordernottolookatyourphoneassoonasyouwakeupinthemorning，placeyourphoneinanotherroomoryourcoatpocket.Thenspendatleastthefirst30minutesofyourdaybuildinggoodhabits.16Studiesshowthatonaverageweusethephone50to150timesaday.17Youcoulddosomereading，doacrosswordpuzzleorevensomethingassimpleasawalkintheyardanythinghelpingyougetridofyourphoneisOK.Oneofthemainproblemswithsmartphonesisthatyouworryifyoudontcheckyourphoneregularly，youmaymissoutonsomethingimportant，suchasinvitationstoeventsorworkemails.18Whensomeonehassomethingimportanttotellyou，theymaygiveyouacall.Therefore，itisnecessarytostayawayfromyourphonesometimes.Whatsgoingonintherealworld，rightinfrontofyou，isalmostalwaysmoreimportantthanwhatishappeningonline.Putawayyourphonewhenyouarewithsomeoneimportant.19Forexample，havingdinnerwithfriendswillbecomeawkwardwhenyoualwayscheckyourphone.20Thatisbecausebeingaddictedtothephonebeforegoingtobedgreatlyinfluencesyoursleep.Thiscanharmyourphysicalandmentalhealthinthelongrun.Therefore，makeitaruletostopusingyourphoneanhourbeforeyougotosleep.AAskyourfriendsorfamilyforhelp.BHowever，itisalmostneverthecase.CYoursmartphonehasalmosteverytoolthatyouneed.DSoyoushoulddosomethingmeaningfultoavoidlookingatit.EAgoodrestshouldbemoreimportantthanyourphoneatnight.FThiscouldbeexerciselikeamorningrunorcookingagoodbreakfast.GManyrelationshipshavesufferedbecauseofouraddictiontothephone.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何克服手机上瘾的几种方法。16F该空位于段尾，与前一句内容存在解释关系和指代关系，F项中的this指buildinggoodhabits，此句对前面的内容作进一步的解释说明。故选F。