2023届新教材老高考英语人教版一轮习题：必修第二册 UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS.doc

【基础达标练】基础默写.单词背诵阅读词汇词义默写1individual adj.单独的；个别的 n个人2kingdom n王国；领域_3currency n通货；货币4military adj.军事的；军用的5legal adj.法律的；合法的6conquer vt.占领；征服；控制7gallery n(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊8landscape n(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景9butter n黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于10honey n蜂蜜_11ancestor n祖宗；祖先12courtyard n庭院；院子13snack n点心；小吃14pub n酒吧；酒馆15striking adj.引人注目的；显著的写作词汇词形默写16chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n(公司或机构的)首领；酋长 17nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近18belong vi.应在(某处)；适应19fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的20charge n收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电21amount n金额；数量22approach n接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近23ensure vt.保证；确保；担保24position n位置；姿态；职位25eager adj.热切的；渴望的26custom n风俗；习俗；习惯27crowd n人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使拥挤拓展词汇词形变化28puzzle n谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑puzzled adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的29defend vt.保护；保卫defence n防御；保卫30surround vt.围绕；包围surrounding adj.周围的 surroundings n周围的事物；环境31evidence n证明；证据evident adj.明显的；明白的32achieve vt.完成；达到achievement n成就；成绩；达到33announce vt.宣布；通知；声称announcement n通告，宣布，声明34greet vt.问候；迎接greeting n招呼；问候；问候语.核心短语默写1lead to导致2do a research project on做一个关于的研究项目3be familiar to和相似4join.to.把和连接或联结起来5break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱6result in导致7be referred to as被称作8belong to属于9as well as同(一样也)；和；还10leave behind留下11make changes做出变化12date back to追溯到13keep your eyes open(for)留心；留意14be positioned on驻扎在15be eager to do sth.渴望做某事16have a great influence on对有巨大影响.教材原句补全1Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.后来到了20世纪，爱尔兰南部地区从英国脱离出去，这才有了我们现在所知的英国的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。2They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.他们在英格兰到处建造城堡，而且还对法律体系做了更改。3Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses它美丽的乡村景色令人心驰神往，让人的各种感官都能得到滋养。4The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。5With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining.乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。语言运用.单句语法填空1There were a number of locations(locate)where the kings of Egypt built pyramids.2Looking back，Diana owes her achievements(achieve)to the goal she set，and above all，the efforts she made.3Immigrants who entered the United States through the port of New York were legally(legal)and medically inspected there.4Our milk powder is especially suitable for children under 6，as it helps a lot to build the body's natural defence(defend)5Professor Li stood there，surrounded(surround)by many students.6There's a fascinating(fascinate)drive marked out for tourists.7What evidence(evident)was there that Old Tom was helping the whales out?8As well as going(go)to the movies and football matches with my friends，I spend a lot of time with my pets.9Yesterday we held a meeting and made an approach to the low­carbon life.10One day with a basket of vegetables，he announced to us that he was going to cook a delicious dish.一句多译/句式升级1属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。Don't give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.(定语从句)Don't give up the things belonging to you and keep those lost things in memory.(分词短语作定语)2急于去看日出，他们4点就起床了。As they were eager to see the sunrise，they got up at four.(状语从句)Eager to see the sunrise，they got up at four.(形容词短语作状语)3The village is surrounded by the forest，and looks very beautiful.Surrounded by the forest，the village looks very beautiful.(分词短语作状语)4Evidently，in competitive society there are both losers and winners.It is evident that in competitive society there are both losers and winners.(it作形式主语)5Two friends had an argument，which broke up their friendship forever.Two friends had an argument，breaking up their friendship forever(分词短语作结果状语)6Because the key was lost，he had to wait outside the door.With the key lost，he had to wait outside the door.(with复合结构)【模拟提升练】.完形填空Last July，I booked a two­week adventure volunteering at a Thai elephant sanctuary(禁猎区) In preparation for my trip，I _1_ weight training.I even visited an elephant keeper in a zoo and he told me the elephants for tourism were the ones to _2_they could be unpredictable and sometimes dangerous after years of _3_ they suffered at the hands of the tourism industry.Hardly surprising，I thought. I flew to Bangkok and then headed to the _4_The first day was exciting.I was _5_ to my designated elephant by the mahout(驯象人)，Boonsri and my tasks were _6_I tried to gain the elephant's _7_，feeding her bananas and riding on her back.The mahout _8_ me，showing me how to use my feet to _9_ her and teaching me the words to make her stop or _10_Everything went quite well._11_，I noticed the sharp bullhooks were still used by mahouts. Day two followed the same _12_But as we walked to the river at dusk，Boonsri wouldn't move.So the mahout hit her with the bullhook.And Boonsri began to shake her head _13_On the third stroke(一击)she hit me on the shoulder，knocking me over.Before I could _14_ the danger，her enormous foot was crushing my _15_It felt like a truck was driving over me and I couldn't breathe at all. I could only hear the _16_ of the mahout.He helped to pull her foot off me and _17_ my life.As Boonsri lifted her leg，I _18_ free and was dragged to safety.I burst into tears with _19_What a lucky escape! In the following days，I stayed in hospital，thinking about a question: Why can these mild animals be so _20_？If we humans treat them more gently and kindly，maybe things will be different.语篇解读文章讲述了作者在泰国的大象庇护所做志愿者的时候被一头发怒的大象踩在脚下死里逃生的经历。作者意识到如果人类能够善待动物，它们可能就不会这么具有攻击性。1A.carried onBtook upCabandoned Ddelayed解析：根据该句中的weight training可知，为了准备这次旅行，作者开始进行举重训练。B项意为“开始从事”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“继续做”；C项意为“抛弃，放弃”；D项意为“延迟”。答案：B2A.watch BshootCprotect Dbuy解析：根据该句中的“the elephants for tourism were the ones to”，并结合破折号后的内容可知，此处表示要小心旅游区的大象，因为它们遭受了多年虐待，变得性情无常，有时很危险。A项意为“小心，当心”，故A项正确。答案：A3A.defeat BlossCfailure Dabuse解析：参见上题解析。D项意为“虐待”，故D项正确。答案：D4A.zoo BhotelCsanctuary Dhospital解析：根据第一段第一句中的“volunteering at a Thai elephant sanctuary”可知，作者飞往曼谷之后，便前往大象保护区，故C项正确。答案：C5A.used BintroducedCattached Ddragged解析：根据空后的to my designated elephant可知，作者由驯象人引见给指定的大象，B项意为“介绍，引见”，故B项正确。答案：B 6.A.designed BreportedCexplained Daccomplished解析：根据下文陈述的驯象人教作者如何用脚控制大象并发出让大象停止、行走的指令并结合空前的“my tasks were”可推知，驯象人向作者说明了作者的任务，此处使用了被动语态，C项意为“解释，说明”，故C项正确。答案：C 7.A.sympathy Bforgiveness Crespect Dtrust解析：根据该句中的feeding her bananas可知，作者给大象喂食香蕉；据此可推知，作者试图赢得大象的信任；D项意为“信任”，故D项正确。答案：D 8.A.accompanied BgreetedCcomforted Dblamed解析：根据下文showing me how to use my feet.to make her stop可知，此处表示驯象人陪伴着作者；A项意为“陪伴”，故A项正确。答案：A9A.touch BcontrolCkick Dentertain解析：根据空前的showing me how to use my feet可知，驯象人教作者如何用脚控制大象；B项意为“控制”，故B项正确。答案：B10A.move on Bsing alongCturn up Dgive in解析：根据空前的to make her stop or可知，空处与stop相对应，表示驯象人教作者使大象停止或者前进的指令。答案：A11A.Finally BNaturallyCUnfortunately DNormally解析：根据该句中的“the sharp bullhooks were still used”，并结合下文介绍的由于使用象钩，大象开始富于攻击性可知，不幸的是，作者发现驯象人仍然在使用象钩。C项意为“不幸地”，符合语境，故C项正确。答案：C12A.challenge BpatternCinterest Didea解析：根据空前的followed the same可知，第二天也是相同的模式，B项意为“模式”，故B项正确。答案：B 13.A.happily BslowlyCgently Dviolently解析：根据上文可知，驯象人用象钩击打大象；结合空前的shake her head和常识可知，大象开始猛烈地摇头；D项意为“猛烈地”，故D项正确。答案：D14A.recall BignoreCrealize Dforget解析：根据空后的the danger以及下文中的“I couldn't breathe at all”可知，作者还没有意识到危险，它的巨大的脚便向作者的胸部碾压过来(呼吸和胸部联系紧密)；C项意为“意识到”，故C项正确。答案：C15.A.chest BheadCleg Dhand解析：参见上题解析。答案：A16A.whispers BapplauseClaughs Dyells解析：结合该句“I could only hear the _16_ of the mahout.”可知，此时作者处在危险中，只能听到驯象人的叫喊声；D项意为“叫喊”，故D项正确。答案：D17A.changed BruinedCsaved Dimproved解析：根据该句“He helped to pull her foot off me and _17_ my life.”可知，他帮助把大象的脚拖走，挽救了作者的生命；C项意为“挽救”，故C项正确。答案：C 18.A.slipped BrolledCdived Dclimbed解析：根据该句中的was dragged to safety可知，当大象抬起腿时，作者得以滚动，被拉到了安全的地方。B项意为“翻滚，滚动”，故B项正确。答案：B 19.A.relief BregretCpride Dpity解析：根据上文可知，作者脱离了危险；结合该句内容可知，作者欣慰得痛哭流涕；故A项正确。答案：A 20.A.sensitive BdisgustingCfragile Daggressive解析：根据上文表述的大象攻击作者并结合语境可知，接下来的几天，作者躺在医院里，思考这样的问题：为什么这些温顺的动物如此具有攻击性？D项意为“好斗的；有攻击性的”，故D项正确。答案：D.语法填空(2021·太原市二模)A concrete bookstore in Wisdom Bay Sci­tech Innovation Park in Shanghai is the first 3D­printed bookstore in China.It opened 1._ the public in March，2021.The bookstore consists of three parts，one of 2._ is the area of about 30 square meters，3._(accommodate)at most 15 people inside at a time.Different from simple works such as a 3D­printed flower basin，the bookstore is 4._ innovative attempt in the architecture field.Besides saving time，the 3D­printed architecture is 5._(cheap)in comparison with buildings using conventional 6._(technique)as well.In addition，7._(it)use of fiber concrete is unique，which strengthens the earthquake 8._(resist)Experts say it is as safe as any traditional concrete construction 9._(base)on the experimental data.Up to now，many similar researches on 3D­printed concrete technology 10._(conduct)in France，Switzerland and Russia.But China's researches and achievements in this field are among the best in the world.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。通过描述中国首家3D打印的建筑上海智慧湾科创园的一家书店引出文章主题：3D打印建筑的介绍、3D打印建筑的技术特点、强度以及在全球的使用情况等。1解析：考查介词。句意：它(该书店)于2021年3月向公众开放。故填to。答案：to2解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代空前的three parts作介词of的宾语，故用which。这里说的是书店由三个部分组成，其中一个面积约30平方米，最多可同时容纳15人。答案：which3解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处作主句的伴随状语，主语the bookstore和动词accommodate是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词accommodating。答案：accommodating4解析：考查冠词。该处泛指“一次创新的尝试”，故用不定冠词，且innovative的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。答案：an5解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“in comparison with”可知，除了节省时间，3D打印建筑也比使用传统技术的建筑更便宜。故用cheap的比较级cheaper。答案：cheaper6解析：考查名词单复数。technique为可数名词，根据常识可知，传统技术有多种，故用该名词的复数形式。答案：techniques7解析：考查代词。空格在名词之前，因此填形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。答案：its8解析：考查词性转换。冠词后接名词，根据the可知，该处用名词形式。答案：resistance9解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：专家表示，根据实验数据，它和任何传统的混凝土建筑一样安全。此处表示“根据，基于”，应用be based on结构，故填based。答案：based10解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语up to now可知，该句用现在完成时；主语many similar researches和谓语动词conduct之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；且主语为名词复数，故填have been conducted。答案：have been conducted第 11 页 共 11 页