2023届高考英语总复习专题：定语从句.docx

定语从句关系词 先行词 成分 例句 Who 人 主/宾语 The girl who I met is Lucy.关 Whom 人 宾语（常省） The girl (whom) I met is Lucy.系 Which 人 主/宾语（可省） This is the factory which we visited.代 That 人/物 主/宾/表语 He is no longer a man the词 man he used to be. Whose 人/物 定语 The boy whose father is a teacher is a new classmate. As 句子 主/宾语 As we all know, body language is important.关 Where 地点 地点状语 This is the museum where 系 you met an old man.When 时间 时间状语 I never forget the summer副 when we are the first meeting.词 Why 原因 原因状语 This is the reason why youare lost in the race. 1. 用that不用which的情况。 先行词为 everything, anything, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词, 或先行词被every, any, all, Some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。e.g., Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 先行词被数词修饰时。e.g., The first place that they Visited in London was Big Ben. 先行词被最高级修饰时。e.g., This is the best film that I have ever seen. 当先行词被the very, the only等修饰时。e.g., After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 先行词既有人又有物时。e.g., Look at the man and his dog that are walking up the Street. 先行词被前有who, which等疑问句时。e.g., Who is the man that is Standing by the gate?2. 用which不用that的情况。 关系代同前有合词（介词提前时)e.g., The house in which I used to live has become a shop. 在非限制性定语从句中.(有逗号)e.g., Have you ever read the book, which was written by him?3. whose 指物时,常用以下代替. The classroom whose door is broken can hold to students. =The classroom the door of which is broker can hold to students. =The classroom of which the door is broken can hold to students.4. 注意事项 从句中的谓语动词与先行词的数保持一致。 one of +复数名词作先行词，谓动用复数。e.g., This is one of the books which were written by him. the only one of +复数名词作先行词,谓动用单数。e.g., He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. which引导非限制性定语从句，往往代表前面所说整个情况，此时which看作单数，谓语动词用单数。e.g., He said he was a Frenchman, which was not true.（which指代前面他说他是法国人这件事。）5. 易错分析: This is the reason that /which he told me. （told sb sth此处缺少实宾语，所以用that/which充当宾语。） such. that 中 that 不充当成分，只起连接作用。（这为结果状语从句) Such. as中as 充当成分 (这为定语从句)e.g., she is such a lazy woman that nobody wants to work with her （从句中无缺失成分）e.g., she is such a lazy woman as nobody wants to work with. （从句中缺宾语，work with sb） The samethat-同一件事物The sameas-同一类事物e.g., This is the same machine that I used yesterday. （和昨天为同一个机器）e.g., This is the same machine as I used yesterday. （和昨天为同一类机器）