全面归纳直接引语改间接引语(4页).docx
-全面归纳直接引语改间接引语-第 4 页引语四点变化1时态变化2如何变句型3人称变化4注意1、直接引语如果表示客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。2、直接引语若有明确的表示时间的词语，变间接引语时，时态不变。3、若直接引语中含有could, must, should等情态动词，变间接引语时，时态不变。4、直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。5、用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语时态变化直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）过去进行时过去进行时（不变）cancouldmaymightmustmust/ had to祈使句不定式如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to，must, need)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。2时间状语，地点状语，指示代词、动词直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。直接引语间接引语时间状语now 现在then 那时；当时时间状语today 今天that day 那天时间状语tonight 今晚that night 那天晚上时间状语this week 本周that week 上周时间状语yesterday 昨天the day before前一天时间状语the day before yesterday 前天two days before 前两天时间状语three days ago三天以前three days before 前三天时间状语last week 上周the last week 前一周时间状语tomorrow 明天the next day /the following day第二天时间状语next week 下周the next week 第二个星期时间状语next month下个月the following month第二个月时间状语this morning这个早晨that morning那个早晨时间状语ago/last以前/最后before之前指示代词this 这that 那指示代词these 这些those 那些地点状语here 这里there 那里动词come 来go 去动词bring带来take带去注：直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。假如就在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改变；如果在当地转述，here也不必改为there，come也不必改为go。另外，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如何变句型直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?"He asked John if he could swim."You have finished the homework, havent you?" my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework."Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?" She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth."句型。"Dont make any noise," she said to the children.She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise."Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：He said, "Lets go to the film."He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, "What a lovely day it is !"She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."He told me that he had taught English since he came here.人称变化遵从一主二宾三不变一主： 从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。eg： “I have bought an expensive car , ” said the boss.The boss said he had bought an expensive car.二宾： 从句的第二人称随主句的宾语变化。eg: I often tell him , "You are luckiest boy I have ever seen . " I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . “三不变：从句的第三人称不需要变化。注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, "I get up at six every morning。" He said he gets up at six every morning。当直接引语表示为名人名言或谚语时,时态不变.若直接引语为客观真理，时态不变，常考的有：Light travels faster than sound.光速比声速快The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转The moon goes around the earth.月球绕着地球转
