第05章--需求、技术变化与国际贸易(英文习题)答案(3页).doc

-第05章-需求、技术变化与国际贸易(英文习题)答案-第 - 2 - 页CHOICE QUESTIONS（ D ）1.According to Staffan Linder, trade between two countries tends to be most pronounced（adj. 明显的，显著的）when the countries: a. Find their tastes and preferences to be quite harmonious（adj. 融洽的，和谐的）b. Experience economies of large-scale production（规模经济）over large output levelsc. Face dissimilar（adj. 不同的，不相似的） relative abundances（n. 丰裕度）of the factors of productiond. Find their per capita income（人均收入）levels to be approximately（adv. 近似，差不多）the same（ B ）2.Which of the following would least likely apply（v. 适用于） to the product life cycle theory? a. Calculators（n. 计算器） and computers b. Coal and crude oil（原油）c. Home movie cameras（家用摄影机） d. Office machinery（办公设备）（ B ）3.Which trade theory suggests that a newly produced good, once exported, could ultimately end up（最终，结果） being imported as the technology is transferred（v. 转移） to lower-cost nations? a. Factor endowment theory b. Product life cycle theoryc. Overlapping demand theory d. Comparative advantage theory（ A ）4.Which of the following best applies to the theory of overlapping demands? a. Manufactured goods（制成品） b. Servicesc. Primary products（初级产品） d. None of the above（ C ）5.The theory of overlapping demands predicts（v. 预测，预示） that trade in manufactured goods is unimportant for countries with very different: a. Tastes and preferences b. Expectations of future interest rate levelsc. Per-capita income（人均收入）levels d. Labor productivities（ C ）6.Nations with（ ） will have overlapping demand structures and will likely consume similar types of manufactured goodsa. Similar technology level b. Similar factor endowmentc. Similar per capita incomes d. Similar production costs（ A ）7.Product life cycle theory focuses on（聚焦于） the role of （ ）as a key determinant（n.决定因素） of trade patterns in manufactured products（制成品）a. Technological innovation b. Resource endowment（资源禀赋）c. Income level d. Consumers preference（n. 偏好）TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS（ F ）1. According to Staffan Linder, the factor endowment theory（要素禀赋理论） is useful in explaining trade patterns in manufactured goods（制成品）, but not primary products（初级产品）. Correct: According to Staffan Linder, the factor endowment theory is useful in explaining trade patterns in primary products, but not manufactured goods.Correct: According to Staffan Linder, the theory of overlapping demands is useful in explaining trade patterns in manufactured goods, but not primary products.（ T ）2. The theory of overlapping demands contends（v. 认为） that international trade in manufactured products is strongest among nations with similar income levels. （ T ）3. According to the product life cycle theory, the last stage of a products trade cycle is when it becomes an import-competing good（进口竞争产品）. （ F ）4. The product-life-cycle model contends（v. 认为）that when a new product is introduced to the home market, it generally requires low-skilled labor to produce it. Correct: The product-life-cycle model contends that when a new product is introduced to the home market, it generally requires high technology to produce it.（ F ）5. According to the product life cycle model, comparative advantage shifts from cheap-labor countries to high-technology countries after a manufactured good becomes standardized（adj. 标准化）. Correct: According to the product life cycle model, comparative advantage shifts from high-technology countries to cheap-labor countries after a manufactured good becomes standardized （ T ）6. The introduction stage of the trade cycle begins when an innovator（n. 创新者） establishes a technological breakthrough（n. 突破） in the production of a manufactured goods.（ T ）7. The trade cycle is complete when the production process becomes so standardized（adj. 标准化的） that it can be easily used by other nations. The technological breakthrough（技术突破）therefore no longer benefits only the innovating nation（创新国）.（ F ）8. The product life cycle theory focuses on the role of per capita income（人均收入） as a key determinant of trade patterns in manufactured products.Correct: The product life cycle theory focuses on the role of technological innovation.（ T ）9. Technological innovations commonly result in new methods of producing existing commodities, in the production of new commodities, or in commodity improvements. These factors can affect（v. 影响） comparative advantage and the pattern of trade.（ T ）10.Linder（林德） states that firms within a country are generally motivated（v. 促动，激发） to manufacture goods for which there is a large domestic market. This market determines the set of goods that these firms will have to sell when they begin to export. The foreign markets with greatest export potential will be found in nations with consumer tastes similar to those of domestic consumers. A nations exports are thus an extension（n. 伸展，扩大；延长） of production for the domestic market.