2021高考短文改错讲义-做题技巧及专题训练-学生版.doc

目 录一、谓语动词3考点1时态前后不一致3考点2缺少谓语或谓语动词形式错误3考点3语态错误3考点4主谓不一致4考点5情态动词误用以及虚拟语气4二、非谓语动词5考点1动词不定式6考点2动词的ing形式6考点3动词的过去分词6三、名词8考点1单复数或所有格错误8考点2词性转换错误8四、形容词与副词9考点1形、副词或名词词性混淆10考点2形、副词错用10考点3修饰词错用或多余10考点4比较等级误用11考点5分词化形容词混用11五、代词12考点1人称不一致12考点2代词混用12考点3漏掉代词13六、关联词及行文逻辑14考点1关联词使用不14考点2多余或缺少连词14考点3介词与连词混用15七、介词16考点1介词误用16考点2缺少介词16考点3多余介词17八、冠词18考点1漏掉冠词18考点2冠词错用18考点3多余冠词19九、专题强化练29一、谓语动词考点1时态前后不一致 典例1 When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. (全国)典例2 In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees.(浙江)典例3 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. (全国)考点2缺少谓语或谓语动词形式错误典例1 We must found ways to protect our environment.(全国)典例2 So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.(大纲全国)考点3语态错误典例1 Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(全国)典例2 Tony was scared and begun to cry.(全国)典例3 Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.(新课标全国)考点4主谓不一致 典例1 My dream school look like a big garden.(新课标全国)典例2 The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.(辽宁)考点5情态动词误用以及虚拟语气典例1 If you are me，would you talk to them？(四川)典例2 My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last. My attitude changed from then on.(新课标全国)方法归纳做动词类改错题时，需注意以下几个方面：(1)判断一般现在时与一般过去时是否错用。(2)and，but，so，or等并列连词前后的时态是否一致。(3)除了时态，还要注意主谓是否一致。(4)看是否考查虚拟语气。(5)看谓语部分是否缺少动词，特别是be动词。(6)看动词的形式是否正确，尤其注意第三人称单数形式是否错用。(7)看主动语态和被动语态是否错用。改错(每小题1处错误)1As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here._2My soccer coach retired last week. I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party. My mum makes the best biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help._3Hello，boys and girls！Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off._4I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people. _5Suddenly.they were looked like rain！_6Suddenly Mary，my best friend，asking me to let her copy my answers._7I wanted to give up，but my grandfather told me to wait a little longer. Finally，there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught._8Here I am in the middle of a city,350 miles away from our farmhouse. Do you want to know why we move last week？_9What I liked best were the free highspeed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day._10I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew._二、非谓语动词考点1动词不定式 典例1 Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(四川)典例2 The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.(浙江)典例3 She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(新课标全国)考点2动词的ing形式典例1 After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found.(全国)典例2 Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(新课标全国)考点3动词的过去分词典例 I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(陕西)方法归纳句中已有谓语动词，若再出现动词，又没有并列连词，注意考虑非谓语动词形式，根据其在句中成分以及逻辑关系，来判断其形式是否正确。做短文改错时，需注意一下几个方面：(1)作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为ing形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为ing形式了。(2)熟记其后只能接ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。(3)介词后要用动词的ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。(4)一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。(5)根据非谓语动词或其逻辑主语的关系来确定用ing形式还是用ed形式。(6)别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。改错(每小题1处错误)1Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars._2I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view._3I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits._4My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！_5One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue._6It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside._7He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees._8Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish._9After think for some time，I let her copy my answers._10He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people._三、名词考点1单复数或所有格错误典例1 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(全国)典例2 One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was.his parents were missing.Tony saw his parents.(全国)典例3 When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.(新课标全国)考点2词性转换错误典例1 This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(新课标全国)典例2 He has ruined his healthy.(辽宁)分析在形容词性的物主代词后应用名词，所以应把healthy改为health。方法归纳遇到名词首先注意区分名词是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意名词的所有格。常考考点如下：,(1)在several，few，many，one of，a couple of，three，one and a half，a large number of，scores of，dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。,(2)像advice，fun，homework，information，news，progress，equipment，furniture，baggage，luggage，jewellery，clothing等不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用了复数。,(3)该用名词的所有格，而没有用。改错(每小题1处错误)1As I told you last time，I made three new friend here._2My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass._3Mum taught me some basic step of baking._4Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. _5No one in the carriage had previously spoken to or even noticed the ticketowner before. Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help._6For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day._7Today we had a chemistry test.The teacher was angry because we had the same answers in the tests._8Within the next few minute，my grandfather also caught a fish._9You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics._10Mom，I know I have never expressed my thank to you before._四、形容词与副词考点1形、副词或名词词性混淆典例1 Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.(全国)典例2 Dad and I were terrible worried.(全国)典例3 The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste.(新课标全国)考点2形、副词错用典例1 Nearly five years before，and with the help of our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.(新课标全国)典例2 As a result，the plants are growing somewhere.(新课标全国)典例3 I remember my grandfather very much.(新课标全国)考点3修饰词错用或多余典例1 Much rare animals are dying out.(全国)典例2 He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.(全国)典例3 We dont need to do so many homework.(新课标全国)考点4比较等级误用典例1 My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(陕西)典例2 To make matters bad，now I have to share a room with my younger sister，Maggie.(浙江)考点5分词化形容词混用典例1 I am awfully tiring，but I know Ill never fall asleep.(浙江)典例2 Gradually，I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered the college.(重庆)方法归纳对于形容词和副词的考查，注意以下几点：(1)作定语、表语、补语，用形容词。(2)作状语，修饰动词、形容词、全句，用副词。(3)注意比较级与最高级的比较对象或范围；单音节形容词的比较级前，不可再加more。(4)注意many，much，(a) few，(a) little；very，so，(n)ever，hardly等修饰词的用法。改错(每小题1处错误)1On the lefthand side of the class，I could easy see the football field._2I thought the biscuits were really well._3That is too much for us，considering how closely the houses are._4Dont panic or get out of line and try to remain quiet and calmly._5Beside，Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day._6No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticketowner before._7My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird._8Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test difficulty，but I tried hard to do it._9After waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatiently._10Whenever I think of the old days，I feel very happily._五、代词考点1人称不一致典例1 We must find ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so，well live to regret it.(全国)典例2 Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(浙江)考点2代词混用典例1 My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target.(陕西)典例2 He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town.(新课标全国)考点3漏掉代词典例 Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.(全国)方法归纳对于代词的考查，要注意一下几点：(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文，要注意人称一致、单复数一致以及性别的一致关系。(2)注意人称代词格的误用，以及物主代词、反身代词或疑问代词等的错用。(3)系统掌握it的各种用法。(4)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。改错(每小题1处错误)1I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party._2Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many._3In fact，I dont like to go anymore，but Im afraid Ill lose their friendship. What do you think I should do？If you were me，would you talk to him？_4We appreciate our apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure._5Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner._6The understanding between two friends means both of them have similar ideas and trust each other. Otherwise，it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long._7If its a false alarm and there is no fire，your teacher will lead us back to the classroom._8We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake._9I was eager to see him，but outside her room I stopped._10After thinking for some time，I let her copy my answers. But after the test，all of us were called to the teachers office._六、关联词及行文逻辑考点1关联词使用不典例1 After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(全国)典例2 There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(全国)考点2多余或缺少连词典例1 Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.(新课标全国)典例2 He had a deep voice，which set him apart from others in our small town，he was strong and powerful.(新课标全国)考点3介词与连词混用典例 In fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(新课标全国)方法归纳对于连词的考查，注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连接词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连接词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：,(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系，判定是并列句、主语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误。,(2)注意but转折、and并列、or或者(选择)、so因此(结果)等逻辑关系词之间的混用。,(3)注意although/though/while不与but连用；since/as/because不与so连用。,(4)注意but与and，and与or，or与so，after与before，which与that，which与what等连词的用法区别。改错(每小题1处错误)1How do you think I should do？_2My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up._3In fact，I dont like to go anymore，so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship._4If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it._5We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured._6And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can._7If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt，tell your teacher immediately._8A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset._9Before waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatient._10“He has ruined his health.We are worried about him.”That is which other teachers say._七、介词考点1介词误用典例1 Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.(全国)典例2 One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window.(全国)考点2缺少介词典例1 We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sit by the lake listening music.(新课标全国)典例2 When the teacher asks us very difficult questions，Ill think quickly and stand to answer.(大纲全国)考点3多余介词典例1 Please help with me and give me some advice.(四川)典例2 The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.(新课标全国)方法归纳(1)如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词或代词前一定是缺少介词。(2)注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。(3)不该用介词的短语中用了介词，如next year常写成in the next year。(4)某些及物动词短语中介词缺失，如look (at)，listen (to)，take care (of)等。(5)有些及物动词多加了介词，如enter the room常写成enter into the room；return my book常写成return back/to my book等。(6)注意分清连词、副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能。改错(每小题1处错误)1My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass._2My soccer coach retired in last week._3If you hear the alarm，stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside._4The more friends we have，the more we can learn for one another，and the more pleasure we can share together._5My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird._6We appreciate your apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter._7If we could show concern to others on need，the world would be a better place to live in._8Mr.Johnson is a hardworking teacher. Every day，he spends too much time with his work._9Gradually，I became interested in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college._10There had been a terrible accident on the highway and，for a result，there was a long line of traffic for at least six miles._八、冠词考点1漏掉冠词典例1 Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.(全国)典例2 As result，the plants are growing everywhere.(新课标全国)典例3 This custom soon became another meal of day.(新课标全国)考点2冠词错用典例1 Tony saw a toy in a shop window.A wom