母题专题09阅读七选五（记叙文）(1).docx

专题09 阅读七选五（记叙文）【母题来源一】【2019北京卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._46_Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？_47_They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the teams performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isnt evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions._48_In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the teams performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”_49_Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force._50_.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.A. Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talentC. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。46.B上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的人个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。47.E下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。”该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。48.G上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。49.D上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。50.F下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。 【命题意图】 阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了新课标用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。 从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。【考试方向】 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句而成章，积章而成篇。就是这个道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。 语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。【得分要点】 （1）从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。（2）从词汇上锁定线索 做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。（3）从关联词作为切入点 通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关联词，请大家一定要背熟：（i）并列与递进：and, or, also，neithernor, eitheror, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more（ii）因果：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course（iii）转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of （ii）时间顺序：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。5. 试题的位置不同，解题策略也不同（1）若问题在段首 （i）通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。 （ii）与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找 相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会有某种的衔接手段。 （iii）段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。（2）若问题在段尾 （i）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 （ii）通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, hence, thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 （iii）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 （vi）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此 根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系 的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一 句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。（i）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头 是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。（iv）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。（3）若问题是一整个自然段 （i）承上启下是这个段落的主要任务，且自成一体，所以会有一个该段落主旨。考生可以从选项中较长的选项开始阅读，以此类推直至找到正确答案。 （ii）着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头， 因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。 （iii）分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。简单来说，最主要的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构，2.在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。【母题1】【四川省成都市2019届高三第三次诊断性检测】I am a Korean-American growing up in Korea. My delayed first day at Wheaton College was my first time in the U.S. in more than 10 years.From my first time eating at Chipotle to the endless variety of Scotch tapes on display at Target, culture shock affected me deeply. I was flooded with the rush of Starbucks caffeine (咖啡因). 1 On that first day to-do list was a job interview for a worker position. The interviewer asked where l was from. Seoul. 2 English literature. He said, "Oh, you must be enthusiastic about coming all the way here to study English from Korea!”That comment annoyed me,in a way I couldnt describe then. Its clearer now: 3 The interviewer was measuring my passion without knowing anything about me, only based on where l was coming from.That interview was a small example of what came after that first day of college, but I hesitate to tell the story because some people who made ridiculously ignorant(无知的) comments ended up being my good friends. This wasnt easy. 4 Through them, I learned to express my feelings clearly in words. To them,I owe this story.We get to know some people and others we dont. We make decisions to involve in conversations or not. 5 otherwise, I would have stayed in my bubble, meeting only people who say things that sound right.A. People think differently from me.B. It taught me disagreements are unnecessary.C. It took a lot of listening, patience and effort.D. The comment was focused on my upbringing.E. He then asked what l would be studying here.F. I was excited and terrified but tried to act bravely.G. In a way, Im thankful that I had to take those extra steps from the first day.【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过自己的亲身经历说明了我们可以认识一些人，也可以不认识一些人。我们决定是否参与对话。1.F 上文I was flooded with the rush of Starbucks caffeine说我被星巴克的咖啡因冲昏了头脑。该空承接上文，F选项“我既兴奋又害怕，但还是努力表现得勇敢些。”切题，故选F。2.E 下文English literature.说英国文学。该空引出下文，E选项“然后，他问我将在这里学习什么。”切题，故选E。3.D 下文The interviewer was measuring my passion without knowing anything about me, only based on where l was coming from.说面试官只是根据我的出身来衡量我的热情，而对我一无所知。该空引出下文，D选项“这个评论的重点是我的成长经历。”切题，故选D。4.C 上文This wasnt easy. 说这并不容易。下文Through them，I learned to express my feelings clearly in words.说通过它们，我学会了用语言清楚地表达我的感情。该空承上启下，C选项“这需要大量的倾听、耐心和努力。”切题，故选C。5.G 下文otherwise, I would have stayed in my bubble, meeting only people who say things that sound right.说否则，我就会呆在自己的透明圆形罩中，只见到那些说话好听的人。该空引出下文，G选项“从某种程度上说，我很感激从第一天开始我就不得不采取那些额外的步骤。”切题，故选G。【母题2】【湖北省武汉市2019届高中毕业生模拟考试】 When I was nine years old, I learned how to make a coin disappear. Id read The Lord of the Rings and adventured into the adult section of the library to search for a book of magics nine being that curious age at which youre old enough to work through more than 1, 200 pages of mysterious fantasy literature. The book I found instead taught basic techniques. 1 At first it wasnt even magic but just a bad trick. 2 I tossed the coin over and over, and after two weeks of this my mom got a carpet sample from the hardware store and placed it under the mirror to remove the sound of the coin falling again and again.I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice slowly, deliberately, going for preciseness rather than speed. 3 It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a miracle. 4 Everyone went crazy. The teacher on duty crossed the field to see what was going on. Usually, Mrs. Tanner filled her classroom with an appetite for punishment and an oversize plastic golf club she waved like a weapon, knocking it down on the desks of the unruly and sleepy students. 5 The coin disappeared for her too. She asked to do it again. I did. Im sure my hands were sweating, but when I looked up, everything had changed. I will remember the look on her face the look of wide-eyed, open-mouthed wonder forever.A. I was soon absorbed in the plot.B. I devoted the next months to practice.C. She was really angry about the whole thing.D. One day I made the coin disappear on the playground.E. At last I tried before the mirror and the coin disappeared.F. Now she marched toward me and demanded to know what was going on.G. I spent hours each day running through the secret moves in front of the mirror.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者九岁的时，通过不断地练习，学会了如何让一枚硬币消失。并在众人面前表演，引发了大家为之疯狂。并最后也引得Tanner老师观看表演后无比惊讶。1.B 根据上文The book I found instead taught basic techniques.可知找到的那本书教的是基本技巧。可推测作者接下来要投入时间来练习。故选B。2.G 根据后文I tossed the coin over and over作者把硬币扔了一遍又一遍，可知作者每天都要花好几个小时在镜子前练习这些秘密动作。故选G。3.E 根据后文It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a miracle.可知它看起来不像一个魔术。这看起来像是一个奇迹。可推测上文作者最终在镜子前练习时，硬币如同奇迹一般消失了。故选E。4.D 根据后文Everyone went crazy. The teacher on duty crossed the field to see what was going on.可知作者的表演让每个人为之疯狂，甚至值班老师都穿过场地去看发生了什么事。说明作者某一天在操场上表演了硬币消失的魔术。故选D。5.F 根据后文The coin disappeared for her too. She asked to do it again.可知Mrs. Tanner她向我走来，要求知道发生了什么事。因此作者又为她表演了一次。故选F。【母题3】【河南省郑州市2019届高三毕业第二次质量预测】Word travels quickly in the small fishing village of Port Washington, Wisconsin. So when Mardy McGarry wanted to build a playground for kids with special needs, she knew it wouldnt take long to create interest in the project. But she never expected that a third of the town people would join in it. 1 “A lot of learning comes through play,” says McGarry, a special education teacher for 28 years. Shed seen the wood chips and sand of traditional playgrounds stop wheelchairs dead in their tracks.When a piece of land became available, the city council agreed to choose a part for a playground. 2 She asked classrooms of kids for their wish list. She also asked experts for help. And she brought on board her friend Sue Mayer, whose eight-year-old son, Sam, has a serious disease.Her Kiwanis Club chapter came through with $ 7,000, and thats when the grassroots movement really got started. One woman gave $ 25,000 and had her company donate the same amount. 3 There were silent auctions(拍卖) and T-shirt sales. The local Pieper Family Foundation offered to donate half of the remaining $170,000 balance if McGarry could raise the rest. The $ 450,000 covered materials, but the actual construction would cost an additional $ 900,000. Not a choice. But the community could build it.On September 16, 2008, the first day of construction, they came. Two women heard about the project on the radio on the way to work and took the day off to help. 4 Ten-year-olds sanded surfaces.Today, Possibility Playground is one of the most popular destinations in Ozaukee County. Theres a giant pirate ship, a rock-climbing wall, high and low rings, monkey bars, sandboxes, swings, slides, bridges and so on. 5 Its exactly what McGarry wanted. People used to ask why she wanted to build a playground just for children with disabilities. “They didnt get it. Its only when you build a playground for children with disabilities that you build one for all children,” she said.A. Soon smaller businesses were helping.B. All children play shoulder to shoulder.C. But her students were too often left out.D. Everyone thought it was really a great wonder.E. A couple in their 80s operated their own trucks.F. McGarry started researching play equipment and contacting design firms.G. They rolled up their sleeves and used their weekdays to bring her idea to life.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。讲述McGarry想要为村里的残疾孩子建一个操场，并且一步一步实现自己梦想的故事。1.G 根据前一句可知，她的行为引来了全镇三分之一的人的参与，此处G选项符合上下文语境，描述人们参与的方式，他们卷起袖口，利用周末时间来帮忙将她的梦想实现。故选G。2.F 为孩子们建操场的提议得到了市议会的同意后，她着手选配器材和设计公司联系。故选F。3.A 在筹措了一些资金和收到了一位女士个人和公司的捐赠之后，很快一些小的公司也来伸出援手，故选项A符合语境。4.E 在开工的那天，许多人来帮忙，妇女，老人，儿童都出力，热情高涨，故选项E符合语境。5.B 操场建成了，孩子们肩并肩地玩耍，这正是McGarry想要看到的一幕。故选B。【母题4】【江西省南昌市2018届高三第二次模拟考试】 Last week the electricity in my flat went out. I had just got home from work and was happily making my tea, when all of a sudden I was surrounded by complete darkness. I tried to fix it but failed. I had to wait for an electrician to come in the morning. 1 I sat down to eat my half - cooked dinner. And then I wasnt really sure what to do. My typical evening is spent watching the TV and looking through social media. 2 So for me it was an early night. And I couldnt help but think, do we rely too much on electricity? That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity. As basic as running water. 3 I use electricity all the lime, even wh