预测 03 阅读理解篇之词义猜测题-高考英语三轮冲刺过关.doc

预测03 阅读理解篇之词义猜测题预测一 高考阅读的文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇广告类说明文，而词义猜测题是历年高考英语阅读理解的必考考点，考查学生们根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力, 尤其是对语境的分析和把握的能力。预测二 高考阅读的词义猜测题的考查主要包括以下几种形式：猜测词义题；猜测短语题；猜测短语题等，如下图： 预测三 词义猜测题一般出现在C篇，偶尔出现在B篇或D篇，而且词义猜测题固定在1题，预计2020年高考阅读中的词义猜测题大概率出现在C篇，而且题量依然保持1题，题数应该是第二或第三题。以下为2018年和2019年全国高考1-3卷的词义猜测题的分布图：词义猜测题在2019年全国I、II和III卷中的分布情况词义猜测题在2018年全国I、II和III卷中的分布情况高考对生词的数量有量的规定，不得超过3%，而且英语中有不少词汇具有多重词性或词义，因此需要在强化词汇记忆的同时结合多重方法多管齐下。下图为具体的解题攻略： 图1：提问方式图二：解题攻略A（2019新课标全国卷I，B）For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes nervous. “Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.【答案】A【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。 通过Chris Palaez的演讲来引出Whaley老师对孩子们的成长做出的努力。通过组织活动来增强移民的孩子们在学习英语.上的信心。【解析】 25. 本题为词义猜测题。A.不正确的停顿;B、没有礼貌;C.拼写错误;D.愚骞的玩笑。根据句意:除了. ,克里斯做的非常好。结合前一句Im here to tell you today why you should . shoul.可知他在表达时有些“不正确的停顿”, 故答案为A. B（2019新课标全国卷II，B）“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again andtug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, Ill do it.”Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage teamwork.BAppeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.【答案】B【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章,讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙 ,在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务,从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。【解析】25. 本题为词义猜测题。A.鼓励团队协作; B、诉诸情感;C、促进良好行为; D.提供建议。前一句提到She may just need a little persuading (她也许只是需要一点儿劝说) , 所以“我又尝试了. , 后句作者“提到一个带着4个孩子的单亲妈妈”，“谈到自己的孩子不在球队里的父亲当教练”等都是从情感上打动这位家长,故答案为B.C（2019新课标全国卷III，B）For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative."Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?Alearning fromBlooking down onCworking withDcompeting against【答案】D【语篇导读】 本文为社会现象类议论文，介绍了中国文化及其丰富的文化,成为西方时尚设计师的灵感来源。中国年轻的设计师和模特最终在许多方面被认可,也将引领着世界时尚的潮流。【解析】(26) 本题为词义猜测题。下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang.Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”, 故答案为D.D （2019北京高考，D）By the end of the century，if not sooner，the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”43. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. BeneficialC. SignificantD. Unnoticeable【答案】 A【语篇导读】 这是一篇科普环保类说明文。一项最新研究表明 ,由于气候变暖,世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一 种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,因为光线反射的作用,它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并影响浮游植物的生长。【解析】43. 本题为词义猜测题。根据第三段中的"Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients."可知, 气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend"可知,浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A。E（2019浙江高考题，B）Money with no strings attached. Its not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “Theres a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”24.Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A. Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B. Moneynotlegallymade.C. Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D. Moneynottiedtogether.【答案】C【语篇导读】 这是一则新闻报道类的记叙文,讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站,竖起了-块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子,上面写着“留下你能给予的,拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱,但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句,阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨,弄清细节,根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子,从而得到需要的答案。【解析】24. 本题为词义猜测题。根据下文第二段开头while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the btoard可知这个板子的目的是为人们提供爱心交换,需要的从上面拿钱,有富余的可以在上面留钱。这些钱是没有附加条件的。故答案为C。A(2020年广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试C)Weve known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences, like a higher risk of heart disease. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.A study published last week, conducted by Dr. Prabha Siddarth at the University of California, showed that sedentary（久坐的）behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe（中颞叶）, a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people, ages 45 to 70, about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains. They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes. It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.It then surprisingly turned out that you dont even have to move much to enhance cognition（认知）; just standing will do the trick. For example, two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing. Participants are presented with conflicting stimuli（刺激）, like the word “green” in blue ink, and asked to name the color. Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 3-milicond margin.The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known. But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the bar for everyone.I know, this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought, from our grade school teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodins famous “Thinker,” seated with chin on hand.They were wrong. You can now all stand up.8. What can we infer from Paragraphs 3 and 4?A. Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting.B. Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.C. Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.D. Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.9. What does the underlined word “margin” in Paragraph 5 mean?A. blank.B. edge.C. decrease.D. difference.10. What is the received idea about deep thought?A. Sitting more is good for our mental health.B. Sitting is better when we think.C. Exercise more can improve our cognition.D. We should stand while thinking.11. The passage mainly tells us _.A. people tend to sit while thinkingB. standing more can make our brain healthierC. physical exercise can improve our brain healthD. sedentary behavior leads to countless health problems【答案】 CDBB【语篇导读】 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了站着思考能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的这一现象。【解析】8.此题为推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.”（这意味着，你在椅子上坐的时间越久，就越不利于你的大脑健康，可能会导致学习和记忆受损。）和第四段中的“What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.”（有趣的是，这项研究没有发现身体活动水平和大脑区域厚度之间有显著的关联，这表明运动，甚至是剧烈运动，可能不足以保护你免受坐姿的有害影响。），可知久坐的行为可能会损害我们的大脑。故选C项。9. 此题为词义猜测题。由第五段最后一句“Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by