预测 04 阅读理解篇之观点态度题-高考英语三轮冲刺过关.doc

预测04 阅读理解篇之观点态度题预测一 观点态度题是历年高考英语阅读理解占比较小的点，包括观点和态度两个方面，属于深度理解题，重点考察学生们的理解能力以及归纳提炼能力。如下图： 预测二 近几年无论是全国卷还是地方卷中观点态度题出现的频率越来越低，2019年全国各地高考试卷仅有天津卷出现，而2018年仅全国一卷出现过，此类题型在2020年的重要性及权重都将进一步减小，很有可能不出现或最多出现一题。以下为2019天津卷及2018全国一卷的体裁、话题及观点态度题的分布图：l 观点态度题考查学生把握作者或文中人物的态度，思想倾向，对某个观点是赞成，反对，中立还是犹豫不决;对记述描写的人或事等是赞扬、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等态度。考生们需要关注文章的字里行间和体现情感态度的修饰词来推断作者及文中人物的态度、思想倾向。 l 对于观点态度类的题目，常常采用关键词句法，首先设定文章或段落的重点内容和中心思想，即：文章或段落的开头或结尾。然后，抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例，同时注意流露作者思想倾向或感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词等关键词。常见的相关词汇如下：除此之外，同学们在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞，尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词，如improving, encouraging, disappointing等，以及作者对人物语言行为和思想的措词，从中领悟作者的写作态度。A（2019天津高考题，B）I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I dont remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, "I cant believe whats printed in the newspaper this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said," The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf," I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make As on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didnt enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.Yet, now that Im growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I dont have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.Were taught to read because its necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And Ive found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.43. What was the authors view on factual reading?A. It would help her update test-taking skills.B. It would allow much room for free thinking.C. It would provide true and objective information.D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.【答案】43. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇人生百味类记叙文,作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。【解析】43. 本题为观点态度题。根据第四段中的"Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make As on my test."可知, 作者认为小学和中学阶段的阅读都是事实性阅读,读书是为了获取知识,考试得A。 因此作者的观点其实是：事实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息,故选C.B（2018新课标全国卷I，D）We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution（解决方案）? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.【答案】32. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章指出纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的Callie Babbitt和她的同事研究证实：旧电子设备要比新设备耗能高，所以作者主张使用新电子设备，既经济又环保。【解析】32. 观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。C （2018北京高考，D）Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.50. What is the authors attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.【答案】50. B【语篇导读】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。【解析】50. 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.中的 advancement，move more people, and more affordably.以及plan for it可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。点睛：根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。D（2018浙江高考题，C）As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrialThe cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”30. What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.【答案】30. C【语篇导读】 文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。【解析】30. 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy（经济） is a chance to keep American strength.可见，Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色经济是保持美国实力的一个机会的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。E（2017新课标全国卷II，C） Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition has two seats， four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $279,000. And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those pilots of larger planes Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.30. What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car?A. Cautious B. Favorable.C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.【答案】 B【语篇导读】 这是一篇新闻报道,介绍Terrafugia公司研发的可飞行汽车已经通过第一次试飞并有望明年上市。【解析】本题为态度观点题。cautious谨慎的 ; favorable支持的; ambiguous模棱两可的; disapproving不赞同的。根据第三段. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.可知政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料来让这种车辆飞行更容易。Transition 现在正在进行碰撞测试来满足联邦安全标准。所以政府的态度是支持的。故选B.A(2020年河南省六市高考第一次模拟D) Although there is growing research into the negative effect that screen-based technology can have on well-being(健康), the trick technology companies have somehow played is that they have made it our problem, not theirs. For example, it is ridiculous that we blame young people for being addicted to their apps when the simple truth is that they are designed to be addictive. In the world of apps, addiction is what brings in money.Whether you run a video service, a news site or a mobile game, certainly your product will have an effect on the mental health of your users - negative or positive. But the sad reality is that if you are not optimizing that effect, it tends to be former. The reason why so