八年级现在完成时练习题(30页).doc

-八年级现在完成时练习题-第 30 页 八年级现在完成时练习题 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。 动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 简单地讲现在完成时就是表示：“结果、影响和持续”。其构成： have +过去分词。 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 1过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为 过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无 时间状语。 一般过去时常用的时间状语： yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语或副词： for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years 3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 解析： 1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词,如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发 生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用, 即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引 导的特殊疑问句中. 常见终止性动词与延续性动词的对应关系如下 come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/atopen-be openbuy-have die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over join the army-be in the army / be a soldier eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days. Ive been away from Shanghai for three days. I left Shanghai three days ago. It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai. 句子中如有过去时间的名词或副词时，不能使用现在完 成时，要用过去时。 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 用于现在完成时的句型 1It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 3.现在完成时中been to, gone to区别 gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地, 典型例题 1Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. Awas Bhave been Ccame Dam coming 2Have you _ been to our town before? No, its the first time I _ here. Aeven, comeBeven, have come Cever, comeDever, have come 注意： 1非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是 可以持续的。 I have received his letter for a month. I havent received his letter for almost a month. 2比较since和for since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. 注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. I have worked here for many years. 小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能 排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。 Tom has studied Russian for three years. =Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. Harry has got married for six years. =Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 3since的四种用法 since过去一个时间点。 I have been here since 1989. since一段时间ago I have been here since five months ago. since从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. It is 一段时间since从句 It is two years since I became a college student. 练习 1. Its a long time since we _ last, isnt it? 2.-I know you _ a picture book among these. -Yes, Have a look at it, please. 3. So far, spaceships without people _ the moon and some other parts of the universe. 4. My father_ home for nearly three weeks. A .has gone away fromB. has leftC .has been away fromD. went away.Mr and Mrs Green have_in China for a week. A .been B. gotC .arrived D. reached 6.-Wheres Mary? -Oh, she _the library. A.has gone to B.went to C.has been toD.had gone to 一、单项选择 1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known. must know.will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already.never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just. ago .before. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know. had known. have known. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw.see 9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10、-_ you _ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished. Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished. will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 197. . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、-Do you know him well ? - Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become. have made 13、-How long have you _ here ? -About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is. has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went.will go. has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,? A. so theyB. dont theyC. have theyD. havent they 19、_has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle _ for more than years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、句型转换 3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. 4、This factory opened twenty years ago. This factory_ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years . Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. _ two years _ the Green family moved to Fra nce. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. _ 三、汉译英 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。 6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？ 现在完成时讲解 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作 或状态常与for,since连用. for+时间段Mary has been ill since+过去一个时间点I have lived here since 1998. since+时间段+ago I have lived here since six years ago. since+从句 I have lived here since I was born. It is+时段+since+从句Its since I lived here. 瞬间动词不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 buy-have;borrow -keep;come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out ; leave -be away ; begin-be on ; finish-be over ;open-be open ; close -be closed ; die-be dead 1.have代替buy My brother has had this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用”be形容词” 表示一种状态，表延续性 1、bemarried代marry、beill代fall ill 3、bedead代die、beasleep代fall asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing代lose c)用“be副词” 表示一种状态，表延续性，代终止性动词 1“beon”代start,begin2“beup”代get up 3“beback”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here ”代come here或go there等等 d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to UNIThas gone ,has been , has been 的区别 Have/Has gone :去了 Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been :去过 My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久 My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 现在完成时讲解 一基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词 二基本句型： 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has. No, 主语 + havent/hasnt. 五现在完成时的标志 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。 * *以ever和never为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 * 以so far为标+before He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 三用法 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money . Guo zijun My father to work. 注意：现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等;)不能与when连用.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 现在完成时练习 A)选用have, has填空: 1.I _ told him the news. .She _ come back from school. 3.You _ won the game. B)按要求改写下列各句: 4.They have bought a computer. _ 5.He has lost his book. _ Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、 . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、 . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better. was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 、 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _1days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _0 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years. 8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October. I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already _ the film. I _ it last week. 2. _ he _ his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ to the teachers office. 5. I _ here since I _ here in 1999. 6. So far I _ quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _ here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ my homework. 9. He _ to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ your science book yet? 11. If it _ fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ the tree. 14. My mother _ to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived 2. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my C. when I was. B. for years D. my age was. D. been 3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met -Just weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buyC. are, having 7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have becomeC. have been D. have turned D. have, had C. had met D. will meet. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? 8. The Smiths _ in China for years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live 9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been III. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasnt come to school 就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school? 3. I bough a new bike just now. I _ just _ a new bike. 4. We began to learn English three years ago. We _ _English _three years 5. He has never surfed, _ _? _ _have they been here? 7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. 8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. Ask the questions 1) I have been there for two days. _ _ _ you _ _? 2) My father has lived here since000. _ _ _ your father _ _? _ _ he _ _? _ _ they _ a book? 1. have, seen, saw2. Has, finished3. has, come4. has g