英语中虚拟语气(7页).doc
-英语中虚拟语气-第 9 页虚拟语气英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句 wish（would rather）+宾语从句suggest（）+宾语从句2. 主 语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do表 语 从句S+is that +s + (should) +do同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do3. 定语从句 It is (high) time that + S + did 用过去式表现在情况 1. 时态后退型 用过去完成式表过去 两种形式 用过去将来表将来 2. should+动词原形型 内 容 详 述I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)时 间 条件状语从句 主 句与现在事实相反的假设 If +S+did S+would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设 If +S+had done S+would/should/could/might+have done与将来事实相反的假设 didIf+S should do were to do S+would/should/could/might+do注意事项：1倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。2错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。3If there weren't/had not been +=without4If it were not for/ If it hadn't been for= but for5otherwise+虚拟语气的句子6虚拟语气的句子，but+ 陈述事实的句子II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 sb. did (希望现在用过去式) 1. wish+that sb. had done（希望过去用过去完成式）sb. would/should do（希望将来用过去将来）2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。时 间 从 句虚拟现在 were, did (动词一般过去式)虚拟过去 had done虚拟将来 did (动词一般过去式)例：I would rather I hadnt said such unkind things to you. （虚拟过去） I'd rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. （虚拟将来）Id rather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现在) 3. suggest+（that）S+should+do 表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should 动词原形，should常常省略。这类词有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested， require等。 注意：1. suggest 当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气 2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。判断改错：（错） Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill. （错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong. （对） I insisted that you were wrong.III. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。It is 可用的词有三类 that （should）do suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等 important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等 a pity, a shame, no wonder等 IV虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。 某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议）， idea等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off V 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. VI 虚拟语气用在定语从句中It is（about high）time that sb.did sth/should do sth. eg. Don't you think it's about time we went home？ 注：在this is the first time second time that句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。 eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？ VII. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中 1在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。2由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。3虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得），for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。 在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should 动词原形构成，should也可省略。 eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again VIII虚拟语气用情感语言中 1虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。 eg.You shouldn't have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distance 2If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语 eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.IX.虚拟语气的特殊用法： 1. 省掉if的条件从句结构： Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,) 2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如： A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he would.) 3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如： If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home.虚拟语气练习题：1. If you were old enough, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed2. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring3. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were4. It is strange that such a thing _ in your class. A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened5. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadn't tried C. have tried D. didn't try6. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended8. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew 9. The two strangers talks as if they _ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been10. It is high time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum11 The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes12. But for the guidance of our instructor(导师) , we _ in the experiment. A. shouldnt succeed B. could not have succeeded C. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded13. Its about time people_ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take14. She couldn't have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history. A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read15. Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York? A. had gone B. should go C. go D. will go16. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free immediately. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set17. Your advice that_ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited18. It was essential that we_ lease（条约、合同） before the end of the month. A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing19. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone20. He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been21. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been22. It is important that the TOEFL _office your registration. A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm23. If I had seen the movie, I _you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told24. I had hoped that John _a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend25. Id rather you anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt26. Everybody has arrived. Its time we the class. A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. should start27. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for28.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken29. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history. A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read30. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling31._ the fog, we should have reached our destination.A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for32. But for the guidance of our instructor(导师) , we _ _ in the experiment. A. shouldnt succeed B. could not have succeed C. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded33. The Law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C will have D. have34. I recommended that the student _ his composition as soon as possible. A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing35. I would have called you up for help had it been possible, but I _ your phone number then.A. hadnt had B. didnt have C. shouldnt have D. couldnt have36.Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be37.I wish I_ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see38.Had you listened to the doctor, you_ all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been39._ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave40.He is talking so much about America as if he_ thereA. had been B. has been C. was D. been41.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water. It looks as if it_.A. breaks B. had broken C. were broken D. had been broken42.He treated me as though_ his own son.A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were43.If only I_ a car of my own.A. have B. had C. would love D. should have44.Look at the trouble Im in ! If only I_ your advice.(2003上海)A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow45.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lieII. Translation1. 我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。3.-如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？-会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。4如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这么困了。5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。Keys I. 1-5 CDDCB 6-10 ADDDB 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 BBADA21-25 DBACB 26-30 BBCAA 31-35 DBDCB 36-40 DCCCA 41-45 CDBCC II. 1I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him.2He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.3- Would you have called her up had it been possible? - Yes, but I were busy doing my homework.4If you hadnt seen that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.5Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.
