新高考英语语法之定语从句核心考点汇总与练习（含答案）高三英语巩固复习讲义.doc

2022届巴蜀中学高三英语复习讲义新高考英语语法：定语从句核心考点汇总与练习概念在复合句中，担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般由关系代词或关系副词引导。引导定语从句的关系词关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语关系副词when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语定语从句的分类 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与先行词的关系非常密切，若去掉，则原句句意会变得含糊不清。例如：This is the car that my father bought recently.2. 非限制性定语从句可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明的作用，即使去掉，原句句意也是完整的。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往用逗号隔开，若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。例如：The film, which I watched just now, is very interesting.使用定语从句时的注意事项1关系词的省略(1) 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时可省略。例如：Let me have a look at the watch (that which) you bought yesterday.(2) 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作介词宾语且介词在从句后面位置时可省略。例如：The girl (who whom that) I spoke to just now is my sister.(3) 有时为了行文起见，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可省略。如：Do you know the man (whothat is) standing over there.2关系词的使用(1) 宜用that不宜用which的情况a. 当先行词是all, little, something, nothing等不定代词，或先行词被不定代词all, every, no, little等修饰时；b. 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级等修饰时；c. 当先行词既有人又有物时。(2) 宜用which不宜用that的情况a. 在非限制性定语从句中；b. 关系代词前有介词且指物或事时；c. 先行词本身就是that时。(3) 宜用who不宜用that的情况a. 先行词是those或是指人的不定代词(如：one, ones, anyone)时；b. 先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时；c. 在there be结构的句子中，先行词为人时。3“介词 + 关系代词”结构此结构中的关系代词通常有两个：指人时用whom, 指物时用which。介词的选择可根据以下情况：(1) 介词与先行词是习惯搭配。例如：Tom will never forget the year in which he went to the Great Wall.(2) 介词与定语从句中的谓语动词是固定搭配。例如：The girl to whom I just spoke is my sister.(3) 介词与定语从句中的形容词是固定搭配。例如：Last year I visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(4) 表示“整体中的部分”或“所有关系”时，用介词of。注：关系副词引导的定语从句常可转换为“介词 + which”引导的定语从句。自我检测用适当的关系词填空，必要时加介词。 1. Lucy is a girl can not only sing but also play the piano. 2. The river runs through the center of the city has been seriously polluted. 3. My daughter gave the beggar we met under the bridge ten yuan. 4. Mr. Green is aman diet is mostly food is locally grown or produced. 5. Muhammad Ali was a heavyweight champion career lasted more than 20 years. 6. I didnt buy the bicycle price was too high for me. 7. Did you visit the palace many emperors once lived? 8. Did you visit the palace dates back to the Ming Dynasty? 9. He has got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.10. Things are getting worse and worse and Damian can quickly get to the stage he cant fly.key:1. who/that 2. that/which 3. that/whom/who 4. whose; that/which 5. whose 6. whose 7. where/in which 8. that/which9. where10. where