2021届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模概要写作指导学案.docx
2021徐汇二模 A new study suggests many Americans have not visited the most popular places of interest around the country or even in their hometown.一项新研究表明，许多美国人还没有去过全国乃至家乡最受欢迎的景点。 The study found that 25 percent of Americans have yet to visit "iconic landmarks" in their own cities. Twenty-three percent said they had not visited any of the nations natural wonders, famous buildings or historic battlefields.研究发现，25% 的美国人还没有参观过自己城市的“标志性地标”。 23% 的人说他们没有参观过这个国家的任何自然奇观、著名建筑或历史战场。 The study was a project of the research service OnePoll and Zipcar, a car-sharing company. Researchers questioned 2,000 Americans. Only 33 percent of them said they had been to Niagara Falls and just 28 percent had been to Arizonas Grand Canyon. The study showed that only 30 percent had been to New Yorks Empire State Building. Only 22 percent had ever visited the National Mall in Washington, D.C.该研究属于汽车共享公司 OnePoll 和 Zipcar 的一个研究服务项目。 研究人员询问了 2,000 名美国人。 他们中只有 33% 的人说他们去过尼亚加拉大瀑布，只有 28% 的人去过亚利桑那州的大峡谷。 研究表明，只有 30% 的人去过纽约的帝国大厦。 只有 22% 的人去过华盛顿特区的国家广场。Many Americans say they would like to travel more. More than half of those questioned said they would like to get out more. Forty-nine percent reported being "creatures of habit." By that, they mean they generally do the same things in the same way. That would leave little time to visit local or national landmarks.许多美国人说他们想多旅行。 超过一半的受访者表示，他们想多出去走走。 49% 的人报告说是“习惯的产物”。 这么说，他们的意思是他们通常以同样的方式做同样的事情。 那将几乎没有时间参观当地或国家地标。 The researchers found that the main reasons keeping Americans from exploring their cities or the country were money, lack of time and a lack of good transportation.研究人员发现，阻止美国人探索他们的城市或国家的主要原因是金钱、时间不够和交通不便。 On social media, one Twitter user reacting to the study named a few reasons for not visiting famous places. The writer noted that “most of us dont get paid days off, get punished for taking a day off, or simply cant afford to visit anything or go anywhere anymore."在社交媒体上，一位对这项研究做出反应的 Twitter 用户列举了一些不去著名景点的原因。 作者指出，“我们中的大多数人都没有带薪休假，也没有因休假而受到惩罚，或者根本无法再去任何地方或去任何地方。 " The Twitter user added, "Childcare costs more than College, College Loans costs more than a mortgage payment, and jobs dont even pay for one of those things.”推特用户补充说：“托儿费用高于大学，大学贷款的费用高于抵押贷款，而工作甚至不需要支付其中一项费用。” The study found that three of the places Americans wanted to visit were Grand Canyon National Park, Yellowstone National Park and the Statue of Liberty.研究发现，美国人想去的三个地方是大峡谷国家公园、黄石国家公园和自由女神像。 The researchers also found that, on average, Americans go to a new coffee shop every five months, and a new restaurant every four months. They also spent time at a lake or near the ocean once every six months, and go to a park every five months.研究人员还发现，美国人平均每五个月去一家新咖啡店，每四个月去一家新餐馆。 他们还每六个月去一次湖边或靠近海洋的地方，每五个月去一次公园。 【参考答案】A study shows many Americans have never been to some well-known places of interest.While many Americans do have the intention to get out more, lack of money, time and good transportation stopped them from exploring their country, even their own cities.Some other people are just used to their current life and not eager to have further exploration. (60 words)一项研究表明，许多美国人从未去过一些著名的景点。虽然许多美国人确实打算多出去走走，但由于缺乏资金、时间和良好的交通，他们无法探索自己的国家，甚至是自己的城市。一些其他人只是习惯了现在的生活，并不渴望有进一步的探索。 (60 字) 概要写作的写作步骤第一步：阅读A. 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。C. 简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子："Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为："Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: "But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Pauls health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.第三步：修改成文首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。另外，可以通过以下五个方面来核对(checklist)写好的摘要。1. Does the summary include the main points?2. Are words or sentences copied or your own words?3. Are there any ideas outside the passage?4. Are transitional words used to make writing coherent?5. Are all the sentences, spelling, and punctuation marks correct?
