2021届上海市松江区高三英语二模概要写作指导学案.docx
2021松江二模 Wildlife Protection, Anything Wrong?野生动物保护，有什么问题吗？Some of the Earths creatures die mainly because of humans choices. These choices have nothing to do with food or shelter or anything else that helps humans survive. What kills millions of animals all over the world is that humans want to make money by doing so. People use parts of animals for everything from hats to handbags, from jewelry to ashtrays and to make powders that supposedly improve a persons life.地球上的一些生物的死亡主要是因为人类的选择。 这些选择与食物、住所或任何其他有助于人类生存的事物无关。 杀死全世界数百万动物的原因是人类想通过这样做来赚钱。 人们将动物的部分用于制作从帽子到手袋、从珠宝到烟灰缸的各种物品，以及制造据称可以改善人们生活的粉末。 It is comforting to note that in the past decades, saving endangered animals has become a popular cause. Lets take saving elephants as an example. For a long while in the late 1980s, wildlife protection groups made sure everyone saw pictures or films of elephants with their faces cut off for their ivory. These groups also proved that certain populations of elephants are decreasing. As a result, most people stopped buying objects made of ivory. Laws against poaching (偷猎) were made stronger. Many countries made importing ivory illegal. Killing elephants for their ivory became more risky and less profitable.令人欣慰的是，在过去的几十年里，拯救濒危动物已成为一项受欢迎的事业。 我们以拯救大象为例。 在 1980 年代后期的很长一段时间里，野生动物保护组织确保每个人都看到大象因象牙而被切掉脸的照片或电影。 这些团体还证明某些大象种群正在减少。 因此，大多数人不再购买象牙制品。 打击偷猎的法律得到加强。 许多国家将象牙进口列为非法。 为获得象牙而杀死大象变得风险更大，利润也更低。 However, deciding that a species is endangered and protecting it by law are not always enough, as concern for certain species will become weak after a while. In the late 1970s, people protested against the killing of seal babies. Everyone was shocked to see young seals being killed in their icy habitat. The cruel activity stopped. But ten years later, the number of seal babies killed was higher than ever.然而，决定一个物种濒临灭绝并通过法律保护它并不总是足够的，因为一段时间后对某些物种的关注会变弱。 在 1970 年代后期，人们抗议杀害海豹幼崽。 每个人都震惊地看到年轻的海豹在他们冰冷的栖息地被杀死。 残酷的活动停止了。 但十年后，被杀死的海豹宝宝数量比以往任何时候都多。 Other animal protecting movements have come and gone, such as saving the whales and protecting dolphins. The whale population appears to have increased for now. And the laws are finally changed in America to protect the dolphins that swim with tuna fish in parts of the Pacific Ocean. In the years to come, peoples focus will probably turn to some other endangered species. During this time, will the elephants be forgotten?其他动物保护运动来了又去，例如拯救鲸鱼和保护海豚。 目前，鲸鱼数量似乎有所增加。 美国终于修改了法律，以保护在太平洋部分地区与金枪鱼一起游泳的海豚。 未来几年，人们的注意力可能会转向其他一些濒危物种。 在这段时间里，大象会被遗忘吗？ 【参考答案】Humans greed for wealth is chiefly responsible for some species being endangered. Luckily, people have taken steps to protect them. However, as peoples attention to endangered animals shifts, the efforts are far from enough, and it is essential to do constant work to protect them. (45 words)人类对财富的贪婪是导致某些物种濒临灭绝的主要原因。 幸运的是，人们已经采取措施保护它们。 然而，随着人们对濒危动物的关注度转移，努力还远远不够，需要不断地保护它们。 (45 字) 概要写作的写作步骤第一步：阅读A. 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。C. 简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子："Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为："Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: "But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Pauls health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.第三步：修改成文首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。另外，可以通过以下五个方面来核对(checklist)写好的摘要。1. Does the summary include the main points?2. Are words or sentences copied or your own words?3. Are there any ideas outside the passage?4. Are transitional words used to make writing coherent?5. Are all the sentences, spelling, and punctuation marks correct?
