高考 暑假语法专项练习八 定语从句.docx

语法专项练习八：定语从句一、1.Giving is a universal opportunity _ regardless of your age, profession, religion, and background, you have the capacity to create change.2.He refused to tell us the reason _ he was against the plan.3.Creating an atmosphere in _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.4.They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.5.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.6.It is important to fix anything _ might affect your homes heating performance, such as badly fitting windows or damp walls.7.We are not familiar with different cultures, _ is often the case in other countries.8.What Im going to say may offend some sensitive listeners at the meeting, to _ I offer my apologies in advance.9.I am afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, _ is why he never finishes anything.10.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.11.Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.12.I have two candidates for this job, both of _ would be great additions to our department.二、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不超过3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。For those who travel to China, the scenic spots and ancient civilization are _(attract) things, and so is Chinese food and drink. Like music, dance and painting, eating is also an art in China and Chinese cuisine _(list) as one of the top in the field of world cuisines.Nobody could tell exactly how many restaurants a specific city has, let alone the roadside eateries(饭馆)_(distribute) in streets and back lanes. Wherever you would like to eat in the restaurants_the roadside eateries, make sure that the restaurant is clean and the food has been_(fresh) prepared and is hot.Chinese regard eating as an art, _is a comprehensive combination of sight, smell, touch, taste and even sound. Chinese cuisine is an important branch from the Chinese culture and the core is taste while the purpose is_(preserve) health.It is a perfect combination of color, shape, _(appear) and flavor. Delicious and nutritious food has been regarded the basics of ordinary life.Chinese cuisine has a long history and is famous worldwide_its rich tastes and delightful colors. The difference in local climate, history and eating customs in each region has produced local dishes and snacks with their own_(characteristic).阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不超过3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。If youre in a hurricane-hit area and plan on riding it out, proper _ (prepare) is the key. And there is one thing you should have around at all times: a plastic water bottle. Why? When the weather _ (take) a turn for the worse, a water bottle is one of the most useful things _ you have in your home. It might even save your life. Severe flooding caused by a hurricane can make the local drinking water dirty with some _ (danger) substances. _ (avoid) a serious illness, its best to store plenty of bottled water to drink safely.Thats pretty obvious, of course. But keep those empty plastic _ (bottle) around after you drink, too, because they have lots of uncommon uses. For example, _ empty water bottle can turn into a water filter (滤水器) if you need to drink from the tap. If your lights go _, dont try the old-fashioned way with candles; you can rely on your handy plastic water bottles once again. Simply tape a small flashlight to the bottom of a bottle, and _ (it) plastic (and the water inside) will amplify the glow (增强光亮). Then the little light can _ (use) to light up a room or send signals to rescue personnel.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不超过3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。When foreigners come to China, they may be_(surprise) at Chineses special fondness and preference for seals(印章). To Chinese, seals are an art of deep cultural roots,_combines the essence of both calligraphy(书法) and sculpture and inspires generations to study, to appreciate and to collect.It is believed that seals came out as early _8,000 years ago after our ancestors could make pottery wares(陶瓷)and had private property. They tried to make marks on_(they) own possessions to prevent them from being stolen. When the first dynasty _(found),the king began to use seals to empower(授权)and to show lordly credits. Only the kings special seal was then called “Xi”, _(represent) the highest authority. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, had his “Xi”_(make) out of the invaluable and beautiful jade “Heshi Bi”.Then the local governments also needed seals for _same function. Meanwhile, private seals were carved in a variety of lucky _(character)and vivid animal patterns. _(gradual). the sphragistics (印章学) came into being.答案以及解析一、1.答案：where解析：考查定语从句。句意为：给予是一种普遍的机会，不管你的年龄、职业、宗教和背景如何，你都有能力创造改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是"a universal opportunity"，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导该从句。故填where。2.答案：why解析：在限制性定语从句中若先行词是reason，且关系词在限制性定语从句中作状语时，要用why引导从句。3.答案：which解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入定语从句的关系词。关系词在介词in后作宾语，指代先行词atmosphere，故填入which。4.答案：who/that解析：句意: 它们被他们的主人训练地很好, 它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters (主人), 且从句缺主语, 故关系词填who或that。 5.答案：that/which解析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感之源。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词problems，在从句中作宾语，故填入that或which。6.答案：that解析：句意：修复任何可能影响你家供暖性能的东西是很重要的，比如不合适的窗户或者潮湿的墙壁。空格处引导定语从句，修饰不定代词anything，在从句中作主语，故宜用that。7.答案：as解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我们对不同的文化不熟悉,这一点在其他国家也是一样的。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,意为“正如”,应用as引导该从句。as is often the case是固定短语,意为“情况常常如此”。故填as。8.答案：whom解析：句意为:我将要在会上说的话可能会冒犯一些敏感的听众,对这些听众,我提前表示歉意。分析句子结构可知,逗号后的内容为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词listeners。表示"向某人道歉"时,常用短语make/ offer an apology/ apologies to sb.,因为介词to已经提前,所以需要用"介词+关系代词"结构引导定语从句,关系代词在从句中作宾语,指人,故填whom。9.答案：which解析：句意为:恐怕与其说他是一个实干家,不如说他是一个空谈家,这就是他一事无成的原因。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个分句的内容,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导该从句,故填which。10.答案：whose解析：句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词"the World Food Programme"，关系词在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。11.答案：which解析：句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Many lessons，指物，关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。12.答案：whom解析： 分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入关系代词引导定语从句。空格处在介词of后作宾语，指代先行词candidates，因此用whom。二、答案：attractive; is listed; distributed; or ; freshly ; which; to preserve; appearance ; for; characteristics解析：1 attractive考查形容词attractive是形容词"具有吸引力的"在此做定语修饰名词things所以填attractive2 is listed考查被动 Chinese cuisine 中国菜与list之间是被动关系，所以答案是is listed故填is listed3 distributed考查非谓语eateries与动词distribute之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词在句中做定语所以填distributed4 or考查连词在饭店或者路边餐馆，一定要干净的所以用连词or"或者"所以填or5 freshly考查副词此处用副词freshly修饰动词prepare所以填freshly6 which考查定语从句这是一个非限制性定语从句，用which来引导所以填which7 to preserve考查非谓语此处是动词不定式在句中做表语所以填to preserve8 appearance考查名词分析句子可知color，shape flavor都是并列的名词，所以appearance是名词"外表"所以填appearance9 for 考查介词因为它的美味和颜色而世界出名所以填for10 characteristics考查名词characteristic是可数名词"特性，特征"，他们自己的特性，所以用复数形式所以填characteristics答案：preparation takes that dangerous To avoid bottles an out its be used解析：考查词性转换.句意:如果你在受飓风袭击的地区,并计划安然渡过难关,适当的准备是关键.根据前面的proper可知此处应填名词preparation.考查时态及主谓一致.句意:当天气转坏的时候,水瓶是你家里有的最有用的东西之一.从句主语为the weather, 此处描述客观事实应用一般现在时,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.故填takes.考查定语从句.句意同上.设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词things,且先行词被形容词最高级修饰,关系词在从句中作宾语,只能用关系代词that. 故填that.考查形容词.句意:飓风引起的严重洪水会使当地的饮用水变脏并带有一些危险物质. substances 为名词,需要用形容词修饰,故填dangerous.考查非谓语动词.句意:为了避免严重的疾病,最好储存大量的瓶装水以便安全饮用.此处用不定式短语作目的状语.故填To avoid.考查名词的数.这里指那些塑料瓶,不止一个,需用复数形式bottles.考查冠词.句意:例如,如果你需要喝来自水龙头的水,一个空水瓶可以变成一个滤水器. bottle为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且empty为以元音音素开头的单词,故应用不定冠词an.考查固定短语.句意:如果你的灯灭了,不要尝试点蜡烛这种陈旧的方法;你可以再一次依靠你手边的塑料水瓶.固定短语go out表示"熄灭",故填out.考查代词.句意:只需把一个小手电筒贴在瓶子的底部,瓶子的塑料(和里面的水)就会增强光亮. plastic为名词,需要用形容词性物主代词its修饰.故填its.考查动词的语态.句意:然后,小灯可以用来照亮房间或发送信号给救援人员. light 与use之间为被动关系,且can后跟动词原形.故填be used.答案：1. surprised2. which3. as4. their 5. was founded6. representing7. made8. the9. characters10. Gradually解析： 本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的传统文化印章的历史,以及印章学的形成。1.surprised,感到吃惊的,形容词,作表语。be surprised at,对感到吃惊。2. 关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词art, which在从句中作主语。3. 据信,早在8000年前,我们的祖先可以制作陶器并拥有私有财产之后,印章就出现了。as.as,和一样。4. their,形容词性的物主代词,修饰名词possessions。5. 当第一个朝代建立时,。found是时间状语从句中的谓语,此句讲的是过去的事,时态用一般过去时,found和主语呈被动关系,故构成一般过去时的被动语态:be(was/were)+过去分词,主语是单数,be动词用was。6. 非谓语动词。represent和逻辑主语seal呈主动关系,故用现在分词表主动。7. have sth done,使被,过去分词作宾补,sth和done是被动关系。根据题意,答案为made.8. the same.,同样的,固定搭配。9. 与此同时,私人印章上面刻着各种幸运文字以及生动的动物图案。character,文字,可数名词,前面有a variety of(各种各样的),故填入复数。10. 逐渐地,印章学形成了。gradually,逐渐地,副词,作状语。