1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.doc

1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)EXAMPLE:I was caught _ the rain yesterday.A inB byC withD atANSWER: A1.I didnt buy the apples; she gave them to me _ nothing.A withB asC forD by2.Its _ my power to make final decision on the matter.A offB outsideC aboveD beyond3.I should say Henry is not _ much a writer as a reporter.A thatB soC thisD as4.I wont pay 20 for the coat; its not worth _.A all that muchB that much allC that all muchD much all that5.He didnt go into detail on the subject; he spoke _.A in commonB in generalC in particularD in short6.Its true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We wont take the new one, _, because we dont feel as safe on it.A somehowB thoughC thereforeD otherwise7.When you are about through the story _, try to make a guess how the plot will develop.A halfB midwayC halfwayD one-half8.Though already a teenager, Peter still finds it hard to _ his favorite toys.A part offB part withC part awayD part from9.Strenuous efforts have been made to _ government expenses to a desirable level.A cut downB cut shortC cut outD cut off10.When at a party, be sure not to _ from the person who tries to engage you in conversation.A turn downB turn awayC turn offD turn back11.The survival _ of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.A rateB degreeC ratioD scale12.He was _ admittance to the theatre for not being properly dressed.A deniedB rejectedC repelledD deprived13.When I ask you a question, I expect a _ answer.A punctualB fastC rapidD prompt14.If a man is legally separated from his wife, is he still _ for her debts?A answerableB chargeableC recoverableD payable15.At the meeting, Roland argued _ in favor of the proposal.A severelyB heavilyC forcefullyD warmlySection II: Reading ComprehensionEach of the three passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and chose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Text 1It doesnt come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you cant remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You remember better what you read when you know why youre reading.Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you. Im just looking”? Both you and she know that if you arent sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please.” And you and she are off - both eager to look for exactly what you want.Its quite the same with your studying. If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that - nothing. But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”. A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.This is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America. Im reading this article to find out.” Or, “Im going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time. As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree. Thats my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier. Id better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” You dont just sit there taking in ideas - you do something else, and that something else is very important.This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are ones own personal reactions.Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.16.If you cannot remember what you read or study, _.A it is no surpriseB it means you have not really learned anythingC it means you have not chosen the right bookD you realize it is of no importance17.Before you start reading, it is important _.A to make sure why you are readingB to relate the information to your purposeC to remember what you readD to choose an interesting book18.Reading activity involves _.A only two simultaneous processesB primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them criticallyC merely distinguishing between facts and opinionsD mainly drawing accurate inferences19.A good reader is one who _.A relates what he reads to his own knowledge about the subject matterB does lots of thinking in his readingC takes a critical attitude in his readingD is able to check the facts presented against what he has already knownText 2If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior. Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes. One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand. Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment. In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise. Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working (or sitting) in music halls where rock bands are playing. In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels (a measure of the loudness of sound) can be considered dangerous. Decibel values correspond to various sounds. Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss. Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind (e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise. If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect. The problem is noise.20.Noise differs from sound in that _.A it is sounds that interfere with the task being doneB it is a special type of loud soundC it is usually unavoidable in big citiesD it can be defined more precisely than the latter21.One of the harmful effects of noise on human performance is that _.A it reduces ones sensitivityB it renders the victim helplessC it deprives one of the enjoyment of musicD it drowns out conversations at worksites22.The purpose of this passage is _.A to define the effects of noise on human behaviorB to warn people of the danger of noise pollutionC to give advice as to how to prevent hearing lossD to tell the difference between noise and soundText 3The traditional belief that a womans place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions. It is said that it is a womans task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children. Thus a womans whole period of childbearing may occur within five years. Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases. Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing. Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins. Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week. The new man-made fibers are more hardwiring than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.Apart from womens own happiness, the needs of the community must be considered. Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in professions and other kinds of work. There is a serious shortage of nurses and teachers, to mention only two of the occupations followed by women. It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession. The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful. Many factories and shops, too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married. While here the question of training is not so important, industry and trade would be seriously short of staff if married women did not work.23.The author holds that _.A the right place for all women, married or otherwise, is the home, not elsewhereB all married women should have some occupation outside the homeC a married woman should give first priority to her duties as a motherD it is desirable for uneducated married women to stay at home and take care of the family24.A house-proud woman _.A would devote her whole life to her familyB would take her own happiness and that of her family as her chief concernC would still need some special training at public expense to help her in her duties as a housewifeD would take full advantage of modern household appliances25.According to the author, modern society _.A can operate just as well even without women participationB has been greatly hampered in its development by the shortage of women nurses and women teachersC cannot operate properly without the contribution of womenD will be seriously affected by the continuing shortage of working women in heavy industries and international tradeSection III: Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World. The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia. Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims. They were looking for a place where they could worship God _26_. Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its _27_. The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620. It was the middle of the stern northern winter. _28_ months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them. Only the strongest of the pilgrims _29_ that winter. Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves. Living _30_ began to improve in the spring of 1621. There were wild vegetables. There were berries and fruit. Fish and game were plentiful. Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing. The colonists health _31_ with the warm weather and their better diet.In the fall, they look back _32_ the past year. They were both regretful and thankful. Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained. The price in human life and tragedy had been great. On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future. A splendid harvest was _33_ them. They were ready for the second winter with confidence. They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter. Seven were for families, and four were for communal use. _34_, they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.The woods and forests became safe. When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists _35_. At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday. It was their first Thanks giving Day.26.A in their own styleB in their own wayC on their ownD of their own