2021-2022学年高中英语外研版选修7学案：Module 1　Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing.pdf

-1-Section Grammar&Writing 转化与派生 阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法 1Her expression changed when she heard the news.2Older people sometimes find it hard to accept changes.3This information began to raise questions in her mind about Jacks innocence.4I dont think its fair to question his motives just because he disagrees with you.5 When you go through a forest，you are in danger.Thats because there are lots of dangerous animals in it.英语中的构词法有三种：转化、合成和派生。转化：单词拼写不变，词性变化。如 doubt，face 等。合成：由两词或多词合成另一个单词。如 classroom，shopkeeper 等。派生：通过在一个词的词前加前缀或在一个词的词尾加后缀构成另一个单词。如impossible，helpful，highly 等。本单元主要讲解转化与派生这两种构词法。一、转化-2-定义：不添加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法。常见转化如下：1名词动词(1)许多表示事物的名词可以用作动词来表示动作。This hall can seat two thousand people.这座大厅能容纳两千人。(2)一些表示身体部位的名词可用作动词。Hand in your papers please.请把你们的试卷交上来。(3)一些表示某类人的名词可用作动词。He soldiered in America in his youth.他年轻时在美国当过兵。(4)一些抽象名词可用作动词。More than 1,000 workers stormed into the senate building.一千多名工人冲进了参议院大楼。2形容词动词 correct adj(正确的)v.改正 dirty adj.脏的v.(使)变脏 dry adj.干燥的v.(使)变干 empty adj.空的v.倒空 free adj.自由的v.释放 narrow adj.狭窄的v.(使)变窄 slow adj.缓慢的v.(使)减速 3动词名词 dress v(给)穿衣服n.连衣裙 dream v做梦n.梦 look v看；寻找n.神色；表情 love v爱，喜欢n.爱；爱人 plant v种植n.植物，工厂 smell v闻到n.气味 study v学习；研究n.学习；研究；书房 swim v游泳n.游泳 try v尝试n.尝试 work v工作n.工作-3-4形容词名词 chemical adj.化学的n.化学品 daily adj.每天的n.日报 final adj.最后的n.决赛 native adj.当地的n.当地人 quiet adj.安静的n.宁静；平静 total adj.总的n.总数 5副词形容词 enough adv.足够地adj.足够的 daily adv.每天adj.每天的 二、派生 1在一个词的词根(root)前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生(derivation)。加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix)，加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)。词缀 类别 特点 词义 例词 前缀 通常不改 变词性 意义改变 agree(v.)同意disagree(v.)不同意 后缀 一般改变 词性 词义改变不大，但否定意义后缀除外 health(n.)健康 healthy(adj.)健康的 care(n.)小心careless(adj.)粗心的 2.常见后缀分类如下：ive actactive 活跃的 inventinventive 有发明才能的 fic terrifyterrific 可怕的 ory preparepreparatory 预备的 able(ible)eateatable 可食用的 movemovable 可移动的 creditcredible 可信的 ful carecareful 小心的 beautybeautiful 美丽的 y rainrainy 下雨的 sunsunny 晴朗的 healthhealthy 健康的-4-ous dangerdangerous 危险的 famefamous 著名的 less carecareless 粗心的 hopehopeless 没有希望的 th fourfourth 第四 fivefifth 第五 nineninth 第九 teen threethirteen 十三 fivefifteen 十五 ty threethirty 三十 fourforty 四十 fold(表示倍数)twotwofold 两倍的；双重的 tentenfold 十倍的；十重的 er talltaller 更高的 happyhappier 更快乐的 est talltallest 最高的 happyhappiest 最快乐的 ern easteastern 东方的 northwestnorthwestern 西北方的 ward upupward 向上 southsouthward 向南 backbackward 向后 homehomeward 回家的 skyskyward 向天空，向上 en woodwooden 木制的 woolwool(l)en 羊毛制的 ic(ical)romanceromantic 罗曼蒂克的；浪漫的 artartistic 艺术的 sciencescientific 科学的 historyhistorical 历史的 some lonelonesome 孤独的 troubletroublesome 麻烦的 ly friendfriendly 朋友般的；友好的-5-womanwomanly 如女人的 roughroughly 粗糙地 sadsadly 悲伤地 .单句语法填空 1_(hope)，I shall have finished my work by December.2The lake is famous for its_(beauty)scenery.3Jane played the violin_(wonder)last night.4The more the young students worked，the more _(energy)they became.5The accident happened on a _(rain)morning.【答案】1.Hopefully2.beautiful3.wonderfully4.energetic5.rainy.单句改错 1He stood closely to me and watched what I was doing carefully._ 2We live in a comfortably double room with a big bath._ 3Some think online shopping is more convenient and the goods are cheap._ 4Eating well and exercising regularly can keep us health._ 5Lucy has become success in her career._【答案】fortablycomfortable3.cheapcheaper4.healthhealthy5.successsuccessful 人物介绍的写作 1概念 人物介绍是对人物的生平、生活、精神等方面进行描述介绍，属于说明文。2内容安排(1)介绍要写的人物，描写其外貌，勾勒出人物个性化的特征、气质、性格等。(2)喜欢或崇拜这个人物的原因以及对作者的影响。-6-3语言特征(1)遵循真实性原则，客观描述。(2)简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。亮点句式 1She is famous as a/an.2She is such a learned person that we all admire her very much.3Her wonderful career inspires many people to believe that success and happiness in life are within reach for everyone.4She set a good example to us.5Despite the fact that.，he devoted himself to.6He put all of his time and effort into.7Being a child/As a child/When young.8The reason why.is that.9I would like to recommend that.10Absorbed in his work，he is.写作任务 请根据下面的提示，写一篇介绍篮球明星科比的短文，内容需要包括所有要点提示，但不要逐句翻译。注意作文内容连贯。要点提示：科比(Kobe Bryant)是乔(Joe Bryant)的独子，而乔原来也是一名专业篮球运动员。生日 1978 年 8 月 23 日 球队 洛杉矶湖人队 位置 得分后卫 成就 1996 年，科比布莱恩特高中毕业直接进入 NBA 20072008 赛季获 MVP(最有价值球员)称号，且使湖人重回巅峰。作为乔丹之后最完美的得分后卫，2006 年他单场得到 81 分，下一年又连续四场得分超过 50。作为奥尼尔的助手，他得到了三连冠。评论 毫无疑问他是有史以来最好的球员之一。许多人认为他能与 NBA 神话乔丹(Michael Jordan)相提并论。计划 在球赛淡季或退役后去上大学-7-参考词汇：1最完美的 fabulous 2淡季 offseason 审题谋篇 体裁 人物传记，应用文 话题 人物介绍 时态 一般现在时和一般过去时 人称 第三人称 遣词造句.词汇 1_得分后卫 2_专业篮球运动员 3_重返巅峰 4_与相提并论【答案】1.shooting guard2.a professional basketball player3.back to the top4.be compared to.句式 1Kobe Bryant was born on August 23,1978.He is an NBA shooting guard who plays for the Los Angeles Lakes.(用过去分词合并成一个句子)_.【答案】Kobe Bryant，born on August 23,1978，is an NBA shooting guard who plays for the Los Angeles Lakers.2He is the only son of Joe Bryant.He himself was a professional basketball player(用定语从句合并成一个句子)_【答案】He is the only son of Joe Bryant，who himself was a professional basketball player.妙笔成篇 _ _ _【参考范文】Kobe Bryant，born on August 23,1978，is an NBA shooting guard who plays for the Los Angeles Lakers.He is the only son of Joe Bryant，who himself was a professional basketball player.Kobe became famous when he jumped straight from high school to professional basketball in-8-1996.Twelve years later，he has become the best player of the league.Kobe Bryant was awarded the seasons MVP in the 20072008 NBA season，and led Lakers back to the top.As the most fabulous shooting guard after Jordan，he once scored 81 points at a single game in 2006.The next year，he got four straight 50point.As an assistant of Oneal，he got 3 championships in a row.Theres no doubt that he is one of the best players in history.Many think that Kobe Bryant can be compared to NBA legend Michael Jordan.Kobe said he planned to get a college degree some day，either in basketballs offseason or after he retires.