人教版高一英语必修一笔记.pdf
Unit 1 FriendshipUnit 1 Friendship课堂笔记1、Your friend comes to school very upset.你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。upset 既可以作动词又可以作形容词，在此处是形容词，作补语，用来补充形容主语 yourfriend 来学校时的心情。The farmer came back home tired and hungry.那个农民回家时又累又饿。tired and hungry 修饰主语 the farmerDont marry young.不要早婚。young 补充修饰省去的主语 youWho has left the door open?谁把门敞开的？open 是形容词，补充修饰宾语 the doorI cant drink it hot.这东西热的我不能喝。hot 作补语，修饰宾语 it2、You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her but you have to go toclass.你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他或她，但是你得去上课。be concerned about 为担忧；关心；关注。The family are all concerned about her safety.be concerned about=be worried aboutbe concerned about=be worried about 全家人对她的平安十分担忧。Why is she so concerned about the game?be concerned about=be interested inbe concerned about=be interested in 她为什么对这场比赛这么关注重视？3、She said,“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary like most peopledo，but I want this diary itself to be my friend，and I shall call my friendKitty她说，“我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把这个朋友称作基蒂。set downset down 放下放下=put down=put downset downset down 记记下下=write down=take down=put down=write down=take down=put downHe entered the house,set down his heavy bag,and asked for some water todrink.他进了屋子，放下沉重的口袋，向人要点水喝。He spoke too fast and I couldnt set down what he said.他讲得很快，我记不下来他所讲的内容。4、I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long thatIve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。此处的 its because.that.its because.that.是强调句型，意为“因为所以It was because he was late again that his teacher scolded him.供学习参考因为他再次迟到，所以老师责备了他。Its all because he studies hard that he does well in every subject.完全是因为他学习努力，所以他各门功课成绩优秀。在在 it isit is 之后表原因的之后表原因的从从句中，句中，becausebecause不能由不能由sincesince和和 asas 替替换换。Why isnt Jane speaking to me these days?简这几天为什么不理我？It was because you spoke ill of her behind her back.那是因为你背后说了她的坏话。reason n.reason n.理由，原因理由，原因构成句型 The reason why.is that.The reason why.is that.构成短语 the reason for sth/to dothe reason for sth/to do 和 for the(some)reasonfor the(some)reasonTheres no reason for that.那事没有什么理由in order to=so as toin order to=so as toeg:He went to town in order to sell the painting.He went to town so as to sell the painting.=He went to town in order that he could sell the painting.注意注意:in order to:in order to 与与 so as to so as to相同点相同点:其后均加动词原形，引导目的状语，否认要在to 前加 not.即 in order notto/so as not to不同点不同点:in order to 引导的不定式短语可以放在句首，也可以置于句中，so as to 那么只能位于句中。5、But the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.但是因为月亮太亮了，我不敢翻开窗子。farfar 经经常常与与 tootoo 或形容或形容词词的比的比拟级连拟级连用用，意为“过过于；得多于；得多。Im afraid this bus is far too crowded than that one.=much too crowded恐怕这辆班车比那辆拥挤得多。The necklace was far more expensive than I expected.=much more expensive 项链比我预料的昂贵得多。注意：much toomuch too之后接形容之后接形容词词或副或副词词，much too difficultmuch too difficult 困困难难得多得多too muchtoo much之后接不可之后接不可数数名名词词，too much watertoo much water 太多的水太多的水6、Another time months ago,I happened to be upstairs one evening when the windowwas open.有一次，就在几个月前的一天晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。happen to dohappen to do 恰巧；恰巧；碰碰巧；偶然做某事巧；偶然做某事When I came back home my mother happened to be asleep.我回家的时候，妈妈碰巧在睡觉。The police happened to notice him when the thief was just about to run away.小偷正要逃跑，这时刚好警察瞧见了。7、The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in theirpower.It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night faceto face.供学习参考漆黑的夜晚，狂风暴雨，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了，这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。Its the first/second/last time.that.Its the first/second/last time.that.某人第一某人第一/二二/最后一次做某事最后一次做某事，在在这个这个句型中句型中thatthat之后的之后的时态时态常用完成常用完成时态时态。Its the second time that I have visited your company.我是第二次来拜访你们公司。It was the third time that she had come into this mountain village to see thechildren.这是她第三次来到这个山村看望这些孩子。8、Jews were caught by Nazis and put away.犹太人被纳粹兵抓住并关押起来。put awayput away把起把起来来；把放好；把放好If you dont use the dictionary,put it away.如果不用字典，就把它放好。He broke the law and was put away.他犯法了，因此被关起来了。语语法：法：间间接引接引语语1、技巧点拨：间接引语同宾从，“四变“一加记心中。直接引语变为间接引语时，要记住“四变“一加：一变人称、二变语序、三变时态、四变指示代词或时间状语；一般疑问句变为间接引语时，要加连词 if 或 whether.2、练习：运用以上技巧做练习：“I dont know the address of my new home,Said Anne.Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.“Are you very hot with so many clothes on?Mum said to her.Mum asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.“I did some homework yesterday,Tom said.Tom said that he had done some homework the day before.“We are going to see a film this evening,Mary said to her roommates lastSunday.Mary said that they were going to see a film that evening.“What did you do last Sunday?Father asked me.Father asked me what I had done the Sunday before.“Will you come here next Monday?my friend asked me.My friend asked me if/whether I would go there the next Monday.变化规律见课本 P88重点词汇1 1、add,add.to,add to,add up,add up toadd,add.to,add to,add up,add up toadd 增加 添加 补充说add.to 把添加到去；add to 增添“Dont add the sugar to my tea，she added.“不要把这些糖加到我的茶里面，她补充道。供学习参考Our coming added your trouble.我们的到来增添了你的麻烦。=increaseadd up 加起来；add up to 加起来总共up 是副词，to 是介词，接宾语The number of the students of our school adds up to 3000.我们学校的学生数加起来共 3000 人。These numbers must be added up as soon as possible.这些数字应尽快加起来。2 2、upsetupsetvtvt.&.&vi vi.adjadj.calmcalmvtvt.&.&vi vi.adjadj.concernconcernvtvt.n n.cheatcheatvtvt.&.&vi vi.n n.sharesharevtvt.n n.trusttrustvtvt.n n.pointpointvtvt.n n.listlistvtvt.列表；列表；n n.名名单单；表格；表格共同点：这些词既可以作动词，又可以作名词或形容词。Look,the cheat is cheating at the gate of the park.看，那个骗子又在公园门口行骗。The news quite upset him and he is upset now.upset-upset-upset这个信息使他心烦意乱，他现在很苦恼。She isnt calm though we tried to calm her again and again.她仍然平静不下来，尽管我们再三试图使她镇静。What he said doesnt concern me,but what she said has a concern with me.他说的与我毫无关系，但她讲的倒是牵涉到我。He isnt a man to be trusted.At least we three dont trust him.他不是一个可以信赖的人，至少我们三个人都不相信他。Ill takebearmy share of the expenses.That is,Ill share with you inthe expenses.我将负担我那局部费用，也就是说，我和你分担这些费用。3 3、have got tohave got toA.EA.E=have to=have to 不得不；必不得不；必须须have gothave gotA.EA.E=have=have 有有The train is leaving.We have to/have got to hurry.因客观条件，自己不得不干某事火车就要出发了。我们必须快点。The train is leaving.You must hurry.他人要求，外界要求某人干某事火车就要出发了。你们必须快点。Im quite hungry now.Have you anything to eat?=Im quite hungry now.Have you got anything to eat?=Im quite hungry now.Do you have anything to eat?我饿坏了，有什么吃的吗？4 4、go throughgo throughto examine carefully 仔细阅读或研究、审查I went through the students papers last night.昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的作业。to experience 经历；被通过；遭受或忍受You really dont know what we went through while working on this project.你确实不知道我们搞这个工程吃了多少苦。The bill didnt go through.这议案未被通过。5 5、in order to doin order to do 为为了了in order not to doin order not to do 为为了不了不供学习参考so as to doso as to do 为为了了so as not to doso as not to do 为为了不了不这两个短语都在句子中作状语，意思相同，但 so as to do/so as not to do只能位于句中，in order to do/in order not to do句中或句首均可。She studies very hard so as to/in order to catch up with others.=In order to catch up with others she studies very hard.她努力学习，为的是赶上他人。转换：She studies very hard so that/in order that she can catch up with others.In order not to miss the lecture,we got up very early.为了不错过那场报告，我们起的很早。6 6、with the purpose of=for the purpose ofwith the purpose of=for the purpose of为的是，为了目的on purposeon purpose 成心，特意的成心，特意的=purposely=purposelyDid you come to London for/with the purpose of seeing your family or forbusinesspurposes?你到伦敦来看望你的家人还是办事？I didnt hurt you on purpose.Could forgive me?=I didnt hurt you on purposely.Could forgive me?我不是有意伤害你的。你能原谅我吗？I came here on purpose/purposely to see you.我专程到这儿来看你。7 7、face to faceface to face 面面对对面面状语状语face-to-faceface-to-face 面面对对面的定面的定语语face to face=bead to beadface to face=bead to beadface-to-face=bead-to-beadface-to-face=bead-to-beadI really want to have a word with her face to face.=I really want to have a face-to-face word with her.我确实想和她面对面谈一谈。8 8、fall in love with sbfall in love with sb 爱爱上某人上某人动态动态be in love withbe in love with 爱爱上某人上某人状态状态前者不能和表示时间的 for，since，till，until，how long 等词语连用。The girl fell in love with a foreigner last week.这女孩上星期爱上了一个外国人。动态The girl has been in love with a foreigner for a week.这女孩和一个外国人相爱已经一个星期了。同类短语试比拟：动态catch up with sbget in touch with sbget into troubleget married to sb练习用括号里的词语翻译句子：1.她的成功增添了我们的喜悦。add to供学习参考状态keep up with sbkeep in touch with sbbe in troublebe married to sbHer successhasadded to our happiness.2.李东爱上了短篇小说。fall in loveLi Dong has fallen in love with stories.3.我得把昨天的报纸仔细读读。have got to，go throughI have got to go through yesterdays newspapers.4.你应该和她面对面谈谈。face to faceYou should have a talk with her face to face.5.为了出国，他拼命赚钱。with the purpose ofHe tries his best to earn money with the purpose of going abroad.Unit 2 English around the worldUnit 2 English around the world课堂笔记1 1、more thanmore than多于；不多于；不仅仅not more thannot more than不多于不多于no more thanno more than仅仅仅仅less thanless than少于少于not less thannot less than不少于不少于Did you know there is more than one kind of English in the world?你知道世界上的英语不只一种吗？Im afraid she is less than eighteen this year.恐怕她今年不到 18 岁。There are not more than fifty-four students in each class.每个班上的学生不多于 54 人。Her sister is no more than eleven old this year.她妹妹今年仅仅只有 11 岁。2 2、play a.role/part inplay a.role/part in 扮演角色；担任扮演角色；担任 职务职务play a.part inplay a.part intake a.part intake a.part inWomen of China play an important role/part in every field.中国妇女在各个领域都发挥了重要作用。This actor played a leading part/role in this film.这个演员在那部电影中担任主角。We all take/play an active part in sports.我们都积极参加体育锻炼。3 3、then ever beforethen ever before 比以往任何比以往任何时时候更候更than before,than everthan before,than ever 比以前比以前than usualthan usual比平比平时时这些短语常与比拟级连用，例如：Tom got up earlier this morning than ever before.汤姆今天比以往任何时候都起来得早。Most of us study English much harder than before/ever/usual.我们大多数人学英语比以前用功多了。4 4、because ofbecause of 介介词词，“因，“因为为的意思，其后接名的意思，其后接名 词词、代、代词词或短或短语语等，不能接句子。等，不能接句子。becausebecause连词连词，也是“因，也是“因为为的意思，其后要接句子。的意思，其后要接句子。供学习参考The boy didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.The boy didnt come to school yesterday because of his illness.5 5、a number ofa number of“大量的，很多的“大量的，很多的意思，修意思，修饰饰可可数数名名词词，其后，其后谓语谓语要用要用复数复数；the numberthe numberof.of.的的数数量量数数目目，谓语谓语要用要用单数单数。A number of foreigners are going to our school.很多外国人要到我们学校来。The number of the students of our school is 2500.我们学校的学生总数是 2500 人。6 6、come upcome up上上来来，过来过来；生；生长长出；出出；出现现，发发生生Will you come up to Beijing next month?你下个月能到北京来吗？They got up early to watch the sun come up.他们早起，为的是看日出。Spring has come and the grass is beginning to come up.春天到了，草开始长出地面。7 7、such as,like,for examplesuch as,like,for example这这三三个词语个词语都有“例如都有“例如的意思，的意思，for examplefor example在句首在句首时时，后面用逗后面用逗号号隔隔开开，在句中，在句中时时前后都用逗前后都用逗号号隔隔开开；such assuch as和和 likelike用于句中，之后不能用用于句中，之后不能用逗逗号号隔隔开开。English is also spoken in many other countries,such as South Africa,Singaporeand Malaysia.其它一些国家也讲英语，比方南非、新加坡和马来西亚。此处的 such as可换为 likeHe likes sports very much,for example,swimming and skating.他非常喜欢体育运动，比方游泳和滑冰。8 8、give a commandgive a command名名词词=give orders=give orders下命令；下命令；command sb to do sthcommand sb to do sth 动词动词=order sb to do sth=order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事The soldiers started out as soon as the officer gave a command.军官一下命令战士们就出发了。The officer commanded/ordered the soldiers to set out at once.军官命令战士们马上出发。语语法：祈使句法：祈使句1、比拟：Not politePoliteVery politeWould you please open thewindow?Would you please turn off theTV?Open thePlease open thewindow！window！Turn off the TV！Please turn off the TV！2、点拨：间接引语中祈使句的固定搭配tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不要做某事tell sb never to do sth告诉某人千万别做某事ask sb to do sth请某人做某事ask sb not to do sth请某人不要做某事ask sb never to do sth请某人千万别做某事供学习参考order/command sb to do sth命令某人做某事3、练习：“Look at the blackboard,boys！said the teacher.T：What did the teacher say?S：The teacher told the boys to look at the blackboard.“Dont throw the waste paper everywhere,children！said the man.T：What did the man say?S：The man told the children not to throw the waste paper everywhere.“Stand in line,please！She said to the guests.T：What did she say to the guests?S：She asked the guests to stand in line.“Never be late for class again,Li Dong.Said Mr.BlackT：What did Mr.Black say to Li Dong?S：Mr.Black told Li Dong never to be late for class again.“Put out the fire as soon as possible,young boys！commanded the officer.T：What did the officer commanded?S：The officer commanded the young boys to put out the fire as soon aspossible.重点词汇1 1、includeinclude包含、包括包含、包括includingincluding现现在分在分词词includedincluded过过去分去分词词There are seven people in my family,which includes my uncle.我们家共 7 个人，其中包括我叔叔。include 指整体中包含局部=There are seven people in my family,including my uncle.=There are seven people in my family,my uncle included.=There are seven people in my family,and my uncle is included.2 2、because,because ofbecause,because of 因因为为because 是连词，后面接句子，because of 是短语介词，后面接名词或代词。Our manager didnt attend our party because he was busy.因为忙，经理没有参加我们的集会。=Our manager didnt attend our party because of busyness.Jack didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.因为生病，杰克昨天没上学。=Jack didnt come to school yesterday because of his illness.以下短语介词相当于 because of 的用法，以后会逐渐接触到：thanks to，owing to，due to，as a result of，on account of3 3、actuallyactually事事实实上上=in fact=in reality=as a matter of fact=in effect=in fact=in reality=as a matter of fact=in effectHe pretended to be rich.Actually,he has little money.他假装很富有，其实他没有什么钱。=He pretended to be rich.In fact,he has little money.=He pretended to be rich.In reality,he has little money.=He pretended to be rich.As a matter of fact,he has little money.供学习参考4 4、presentpresentadjadj.现现在的；出席的，到在的；出席的，到场场的的at presentat present 现现在在=presently=now=presently=now易混点：present 因意思不同，在句中的位置也不一样。Most people are satisfied with the present government.大多数人对本届政府感到满意。All the people present agreed to our plan.所有出席的人都赞成我们的方案。At present,many people enjoy sports in their spare time.现在，很多人喜欢在业余时间锻炼身体。注意：注意：presentpresent出席的，出席的，参参加的，放在被修加的，放在被修饰饰的名的名词词后后边边。除此之外，。除此之外，presentpresentn n.礼礼物物presentpresentvtvt.赠赠送注意送注意读读音不同音不同He presented me a present at my birthday party.5 5、command sb to do sth/order sb to do sthcommand sb to do sth/order sb to do sth命令某人做某事命令某人做某事command 和 order 均具有“命令的含义，用法大致相同，二者均指正式下命令，而且这种命令具有绝对权威性，不得违抗，必须服从。不同之处是，commandcommand 侧侧重用于重用于军军事事方面方面，而 orderrder除可用于除可用于军军事方面外，事方面外，还还可指一般的命令，可指一般的命令，并并含有奉含有奉劝劝的意思的意思。试比拟：The general commanded/ordered his men to attack the city.将军命令其战士攻打城市。The doctor has ordered her a months rest in bed.医生要他躺一个月。If you make any more noise,I shall order/command you out of the hall.要是你们还吵吵嚷嚷的，我就叫你们滚出大厅。6 6、requestrequest，askask，begbeg，requirerequire这几个动词都有“请求，要求的意思，但有区别。当“请求讲时，ask 最通俗，最口语化。I asked her to shut the window.我请她把窗户关上。request 也是“请求的意思，但主要用于庄重的讲话和文字中，常用于通告中，多用于被动语态。Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke in the car.乘客请勿在车厢或汽车内抽烟。beg 是“乞求的意思，态度很谦恭。要求他人给予较大的帮助。He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him.他自知伤了她的心而央求她原谅。require 是上对下，长辈对子女或依法进行的某种要求。Before the match the police required us to show our tickets.比赛之前，警察要求我们出示看票。These books are required reading.这些书是必读的。7 7、in the direction ofin the direction of
