2022年高考分类题库考点2 阅读填句.pdf

1 考点考点 2 阅读填句阅读填句 (2016全国卷全国卷)话题:信息安全词数:295W难度:Secret codes(密码)keep messages private.Banks,companies,and government agencies use secret codes in doing business,especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.36Code breaking never lags(落 后)far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography.37For example,the first letters of“My elephant eats too many eels”spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”38You might represent each letter with a number,for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,the message“Meet me”would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code,you must have a code book.39For example,“bridge”might stand for“meet”and“out”might stand for“me”.The message“Bridge out”would actually mean“Meet me.”402 However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language,some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,论述了密码的种类及对信息安全的重要性。36.【解析】选 D。前句说人类使用密码的历史很长,后句说密码破译从未落后于密码编制,根据逻辑关系可知选择 D 项,即“只要有密码存在,人们就一直试图破译密码”。37.【解析】选 E。前句说密码学有三种主要形式,后句举例说明密码学的形式,这种形式即密码是由首字母组成的,故选择 E 项。38.【解析】选 G。本段说明密码学的第二种形式,由后面的叙述可知,这种形式用一个字(数字)代替另一个字(字母),故选择 G 项。由叙述顺序也可知道 G 项中的 Another way 是一种提示。3 39.【解析】选 F。前句说要想读懂密码信息必须有密码本,根据逻辑关系,下句应该说“有了密码本,你就可以写下那些代表其他字的字”,故选择 F 项。40.【解析】选 A。前面举例说明了第三种密码学的形式,并且知道有了密码本就很容易读出信息,根据逻辑关系可知,下句应该说明“没有密码本很难破译密码”,故选择 A 项。此外,下句 However,it is also hard to.也是一种提示。(2016全国卷全国卷)话题:园艺词数:285W难度:A garden thats just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you,where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和)of its parts?36.But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.37 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).38.However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆)your childhood memories 4 Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad,but thats not whats important.39 how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden,start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.40.Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.A.Know why you garden B.Find a good place for your own garden C.Its our experience of the garden that matters D.Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden,too G.For each of those gardens,write down the strongest memory you have 36.【解析】选 F。空前面一句提到一个花园,所以此处指你也能有前面提到的那样的花园。故选 F。37.【解析】选 A。下面解释了人们从事园艺的各种原因,所以小标题应该是:知道你为什么从事园艺。38.【解析】选 E。空前后都提到了人们从事园艺的各种原因,所以此处也是原因之一。5 39.【解析】选 C。空前面一句提到祖母的玫瑰园和父亲的菜园或好或坏,但那不重要,所以此处指重要的是我们在花园里的感受。40.【解析】选 G。根据空前面的 recall 和空后面的 translate 可知,此处指把记忆写下来。故选 G。(2016全国卷全国卷)话题:如何买鱼和蒸鱼词数:254W难度:Everyone knows that fish is good for health.16But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year,but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying,storing,and cooking fish isnt difficult.17This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.18Fresh fish should smell sweet:you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.19When you have bought a fish and arrive home,youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately,but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish.20First,clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then,its ready to serve.6 A.Do not buy it.B.The easiest is to steam it.C.This is how you can do it.D.It just requires a little knowledge.E.The fish will go bad within hours.F.When buying fish,you should first smell it.G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.16.【解析】选 G。前面一句提到鱼对健康有益,所以此处具体说明鱼的好处。17.【解析】选 D。上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪鱼并不难,承接上句,此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。18.【解析】选 F。后面提到买鱼的常识,且提到 smell sweet,和 F 选项中的 smell it 吻合。19.【解析】选 E。后面一句提到买了新鲜的鱼带回家后,如果不马上吃,最好放到冰箱里。所以此处应提到这样做的原因,鱼在几小时内就会变质。20.【解析】选 B。后面提到了蒸鱼的具体方法,所以此处应是总结性的语言,表示最简单的方法是蒸鱼。(2016四川卷四川卷)话题:健康词数:198W难度:7 Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.36 In general,they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.37Between the ages of about 12 and 50,women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力).These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow.In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.38They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example:women,on average,get fewer colds than men.39Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging,but they believe that they do.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(倾向)to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.40 A.However,women,on average,live longer.B.The biological factor plays an important part.C.Women are also helped by their female genes.D.The female hormones also protect the body in another way.E.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.8 F.Therefore,women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.G.Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,文章探究了女性比男性活得更长的原因。36.【解析】选 A。考查上下文逻辑关系。前句谈到如今的男性和女性都活得更长,而后句谈到女性会比男性多活 6 至 7 年,由此可知,此空与前句为转折关系,应该谈及女性比男性活得更长。37.【解析】选 G。考查上下文逻辑关系。前句谈到女性活得更长的一个生物因素是男女之间荷尔蒙的差异,而后句都是有关荷尔蒙的情况,由此可知,空白处应解释荷尔蒙这一名词。38.【解析】选 D。考查段落主旨。第二段谈到荷尔蒙使女性较少患高血压和心脏病,这是荷尔蒙保护女性的一种方式,而本段谈到荷尔蒙保护女性身体免于某些感染,由此可知,这是荷尔蒙保护女性的另一种方式。39.【解析】选 C。考查上下文逻辑关系。后句谈到科学家还不太确信基因是如何影响衰老的,此处关键词为基因,七个选项中只有 C 项有基因一词。40.【解析】选 E。考查上下文逻辑关系。前面谈到两种观点,即有些科学家认为女性细胞比男性细胞衰老得更慢,而其他科学家认为男性9 细胞衰老得更快,这里提出了两种可能性,故选 E 项“最近的调查看来支持这两种可能性”。此处关键词为 both。(2016北京卷北京卷)话题:科学研究词数:294W难度:The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward,the risk seems worth taking.71Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why?Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better at hunting,fighting,or exploring.72As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next,humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then?Well,even 200,000 years ago,too much risk-taking could get one killed.A few daring survived,though,along with a few stay-in-the-cave types.As a result,humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing,or maybe you hate it.73 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range,scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.10 74 To help you do that,your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks,so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.75For the risk-seekers,a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active,while for the rest of us,a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking,well continue to hit the mountains,the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A.It all depends on your character.B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D.Thus,these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F.However,we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.【文章大意】本文是一篇论说文,文章论述了冒险和回报的关系:冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关,当大脑的快乐中枢被激活时,人们就会采取冒险行为。11 71.【解析】选 F。考查逻辑关系。前句提到了 weigh the risk and the reward,F 项表示“然而,并不是所有的人都使用相同的标准来权衡风险和回报”,符合上下文逻辑,故选择 F 项。72.【解析】选 C。考查逻辑关系。前句说明 hunting,fighting,or exploring 是早期人类生存的必要条件,C 项中的 those 正是指代这些活动。73.【解析】选 A。考查逻辑关系。根据 humans developed a range of character types.可知,人们形成的不同性格如今仍然存在,正是不同的性格类型才导致了我们对冒险行为采取不同的态度,故选择 A 项。74.【解析】选 E。考查逻辑关系。E 项中的 when 与 your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years 中的 teenage years 相对应,故选择 E 项。75.【解析】选 G。考查段落主旨。根据后面的句子可知,本段是有关冒险行为与大脑的关系,故选择 G 项。(2016浙江卷浙江卷)话题:大学的情况词数:560难度:下面文章中有 5 处(第 61-65 题)需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E 和 F)中选出符合各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。A.Get involved in student activities B.Your voice is actually super important C.There is a significant increase of opportunities 12 D.Stay in active communication with your friends E.Get smart about the people who you spend your time with F.Your major does not matter as much in your first year of college Five Things Nobody Told Me about College As I type this,I am in my university dorm room.A year ago,when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college applications,I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.However,theres only so much that prep books,websites,and older friends can teach.Here are the top 5 things nobody told me about college:61 Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study.If they tell you otherwise,theyre lying and will probably change what they want to pursue within the first quarter of attendance.During my first quarter at University of California,Riverside(UCR),I thought that I wanted to study Political Science with its focus on International Affairs,so thats what I applied for.However,once I worked with statewide and local government,I realized that a better fit for me would be Public Policy,and now I am in the process of changing my area.62 In college,there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations.However,there is a very important difference between 13 wanting to do something and applying for something.In order for you to take full advantage of the conferences,research,internships(实习),and fellowships that your university offers,apply!Step into your academic advisors office,introduce yourself,and begin making the valuable connections that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career.Great things happen when you step out of your comfort zone,and you would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask.63 College is where you meet your bridesmaids,groomsmen,neighbors,and potential bosses.The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later,so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in.You are only one person,and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose.Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are,and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.64 As a first-year,I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed.It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President.During my first quarter,I spoke directly to the Chancellor(校长),asking him for support 14 towards my initiatives(提 议),met with the Vice Chancellors,and cooperated with my teaching assistants to begin my undergraduate research project.Nothing good will happen when you are silent.65 At my high school,there were about only four active clubs and organizations that students could be a part of.Imagine my surprise when I stepped foot onto UCRs campus,where over 400 organizations exist,ranging from political organizations to karate club.You are not paying all of your tuition(学费)to merely go to class,study,pass tests and graduate.Make something worthy out of your experience.Create stories that you will want to tell your grandchildren one day.It all begins here,by signing up to join an organization.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要是为一些即将上大学的学生介绍他们关心的情况并提出建议。61.【解析】选 F。根据本段第一句话可知,进入大学的学生没有人确切知道自己要学什么,可判断本段讲述的是大学学习内容,同时根据作者在大学更改专业的事例可判断选 F,意为:大学第一年,你的专业不是那么要紧。62.【解析】选 C。根据本段第一句可知,在大学,你有很多可以满足你的愿望的机会,同时根据本段以及最后一句 you would be surprised on how many chances exist 可判断在大学只要努力去争取会有很多机会的,据此可判断选 C,意为:有大量增加的机会。15 63.【解析】选 E。根据本段第二句 be wise about the people who you invest yourself in 以及 you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose 可知要了解那些你交往的人,不要浪费时间在那些小题大做弄糟你计划的人身上。故选 E,意为:了解那些和你一起的人。64.【解析】选 B。根据本段中作者以自己为例,讲述了大一时不敢对注意到的学校问题发表看法,进入学生团体后获得了自信并直接向校长寻求对自己提议的支持,懂得了当你沉默的时候没有好事会发生,据此判断作者本段旨在建议同学们主动发表你的意见,故选 B,意为:你的意见实际上是非常重要的。65.【解析】选 A。根据本段以及最后一句 by signing up to join an organization 可知有很多俱乐部和团体,同学们应该多些这样的经历,从报名参加这些团体开始,故本段主题句应为建议学生报名加入团体并参与学生活动。