2022年高考分类题库考点7 单项填空.pdf

1 一、一、名词名词.-2-二、二、主谓主谓一一致致.-3-三、三、冠词冠词.-3-四、四、代词代词.-3-五、五、介词和介词介词和介词短短语语.-4-六、六、形容词、副形容词、副词词和倍数表达法和倍数表达法.-5-七、七、动词和动词和动动词短语词短语.-6-八、八、情态情态动动词词.-9-九、九、虚拟虚拟语语气气.-10-十、十、动词的动词的时时态和态和语语态态.-11-十一、十一、非谓非谓语语动词动词.-14-十二、十二、名词性名词性从从句句.-17-十三、十三、定语定语从从句句.-18-十四、十四、连词和状连词和状语语从句从句.-20-十五、十五、省省略略.-22-十六、十六、倒装倒装.-22-十七、十七、强调及强调及其其他他.-22-十八、十八、情景交情景交际际.-23-考点考点 7 单项填空单项填空 2 一、一、名词名词 1.(2016江苏卷24)Can you tell us yourfor happiness and a long life?Living every day to the full,definitely.A.recipe B.record C.range D.receipt【解析】选 A。考查名词辨析。句意:你能告诉我们你保持幸福长寿的秘诀吗?确切来说,就是每天活到最充实。recipe 秘诀,符合句意。record 记录;range 范围;receipt 收据,收条。2.(2016浙江卷4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may affect your.A.condition B.income C.credit D.status【解析】选 C。考查名词。句意:按时交电费很重要,因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。credit 信用,信誉,符合题意。3.(2016天津卷10)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight of rain later tonight.A.effect B.sense C.change D.chance【解析】选 D。考查名词辨析。句意:天气预报说,今晚晚些时候有风,并且有很小的可能会下雨。a chance of 有的可能,符合句意。effect3 影响;sense 感觉,意义;change 改变。二、二、主谓一致主谓一致 无 三、三、冠词冠词(2016 浙 江 卷 2)prize for the winner of the competition istwo-week holiday in Paris.A.The;不填 B.A;不填 C.A;the D.The;a【解析【解析】选 D。考查冠词。句意:比赛获胜者的奖励是到巴黎度假两周。prize 被介词短语 for the winner of the competition 限定,表示特指,故第一个空应用 the;第二个空表示泛指,故用不定冠词 a。四、四、代词代词(2016浙江卷3)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different fromin the UK.A.that B.this C.one D.it【解析】选 A。考查代词。句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差别。此处指代 the education system,故用 that。4 that 代替特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词;this 指代下文中要提到的内容;one 代替泛指的可数名词单数;it 代替同名同物。五、五、介词和介词短语介词和介词短语 1.(2016天津卷2)The dictionary is:many words have been added to the language since it was published.A.out of control B.out of date C.out of sight D.out of reach【解析】选 B。考查介词短语辨析。句意:这本词典已经:自从这本字典发行以来,这门语言中已经增添了很多字。out of date 过时的,符合句意。out of control 失去控制;out of sight 看不见;out of reach 够不着。2.(2016浙江卷6)That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help.,hes reliable.A.Or else B.In short C.By the way D.For one thing【解析】选 B。考查介词短语。句意:那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神,当你需要他帮忙的时候,他总是在那儿。简言之,他是可以信赖的。in short 简言之;or else 否则,不然;by the way 顺便说一下,顺便问一下;for one thing 一则。3.(2016 浙 江 卷 7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow upinfluence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.5 A.on B.in C.at D.about【解析】选 B。考查介词。句意:这项研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本环节。句中 that 引导的是宾语从句,we grow up为省略了关系代词 that/which 的定语从句,根据其先行词the cultures 可知此处应用 in。六、六、形容词、副词和倍数表达法形容词、副词和倍数表达法 1.(2016江苏卷31)His comprehensive surveys have provided the moststatements of how,and on what basis,data are collected.A.explicit B.ambiguous C.original D.arbitrary【解析】选 A。考查形容词辨析。句意:他全面的调查提供了最详尽清楚的关于如何收集,在什么基础上收集数据的说明。explicit 明确的,清晰的,符合句意。original 原始的,最初的;ambiguous 模糊不清的;arbitrary 任意的。2.(2016浙江卷13)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,if you are travelling at high speed.A.eventually B.strangely C.merely D.especially【解析】选 D。考查副词辨析。句意:突然停止有时会是很可怕的经历,尤其是当你高速行进的时候。especially 尤其;eventually 最后;strangely奇怪地;merely 仅仅。6 3.(2016浙 江 卷 16)In this article,you need to back up general statements withexamples.A.specific B.permanent C.abstract D.universal【解析】选 A。考查形容词辨析。句意:在这篇文章中,你需要用特定的事例来支持你的基本观点。specific 特殊的;permanent 永久的;abstract 抽象的;universal 普遍的。4.(2016浙江卷18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attendin the coming years.A.little more B.no more C.much more D.many more【解析】选 D。考查比较等级。句意:我一直很喜欢你组织的各项活动,我希望未来几年能参加更多的活动。根据前面的 events 可知此处用many more。七、七、动词和动词短语动词和动词短语 1.(2016江苏卷25)He did noteasily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A.approach B.wrestle C.compromise D.communicate 7【解析】选 C。考查动词辨析。句意:他不会轻易妥协,但是他很愿意接受任何对这项有价值的事业具有建设性意义的建议。compromise妥协,符合句意。approach 接近,靠近;wrestle 摔跤;communicate 交流。2.(2016江苏卷30)Many businesses started up by college students havethanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A.fallen off B.taken off C.turned off D.left off【解析】选 B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:多亏了良好的创业环境,很多大学生项目获得成功。take off 成功,腾飞,符合题意。fall off 掉落;turn off 关闭;leave off 中断。3.(2016江苏卷33)Parents should actively urge their children tothe opportunity to join sports teams.A.gain admission to B.keep track of C.take advantage of D.give rise to【解析】选 C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:家长们应该积极鼓励孩子们充分利用加入运动队的机会。take advantage of 利用,符合句意。gain admission to 获得的许可;keep track of 记录,与保持联系;give rise to 引起,导致。4.(2016天津卷8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally sheher opinion on the subject.A.gave voice to B.kept an eye on C.turned a deaf ear to D.set foot on 8【解析】选 A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:在讨论开始的阶段,玛丽表示沉默,但是最后在这个主题上发表了意见。give voice to 发表意见,符合句意。keep an eye on 注意,留心;turn a deaf ear to 装作没听见;set foot on 进入,踏上。5.(2016天津卷12)Im going toadvantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.A.put B.make C.take D.give【解析】选 C。考查动词短语。句意:我将利用这次旅行,来探索这个城堡的历史。take advantage of 利用,符合句意。6.(2016天津卷14)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy toa conversation with her.A.carry on B.break into C.turn down D.cut off【解析】选 A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我讨厌当我工作的时候她给我打电话,我总是太忙没有时间和她聊。carry on 继续,符合语境。break into 闯入;turn down 拒绝;cut off 切除。7.(2016 浙 江 卷 8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather thanus.A.divide B.reject C.control D.abandon【解析】选 A。考查动词辨析。句意:当我们学会让分歧团结而不是分9 裂我们的时候,我们就能取得很大的成就。divide 分裂;reject 拒绝;control 控制;abandon 丢弃,放弃。8.(2016浙江卷12)When their children lived far away from them,these old people feltfrom the world.A.carried away B.broken down C.cut off D.brought up【解析】选 C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:当孩子们住得离他们远时,这些老年人就觉得自己与世界隔绝了。cut off 使与外界隔绝,符合题意;carry away 运走;break down 出故障;bring up 抚养。9.(2016浙江卷14)When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one thatmy interest.A.limited B.reserved C.reflected D.spoiled【解析】选 C。考查动词辨析。句意:当最后决定课程的时间到来时,我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。reflect 反映;limit 限制;reserve 保留;spoil 损坏,宠坏。八、八、情态动词情态动词 1.(2016北京卷31)I love the weekend,because Iget up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A.neednt B.mustnt C.wouldnt D.shouldnt 10【解析】选 A。考查情态动词。句意:我喜欢周末,因为周六和周日我不必早起。neednt 表示没有必要;mustnt 表示禁止;wouldnt 表示过去时态的“不会”;shouldnt 表示不应该。根据句意和情景选择 A 项。2.(2016浙江卷17)Georgetoo far.His coffee is still warm.A.must have gone B.might have gone C.cant have gone D.neednt have gone【解析】选 C。考查情态动词。句意:乔治不可能走太远。他的咖啡还是热的呢。cant have done sth.不可能做过某事;must have done sth.一定做过某事;might have done sth.可能做过某事;neednt have done sth.本不必做某事。3.(2016天津卷5)It was really annoying;Iget access to the data bank you had recommended.A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.neednt【解析】选 B。考查情态动词。句意:太烦了,我使用你推荐的数据库。根据前半句的意思可以判断这个人不能使用。wouldnt不肯,不愿意;shouldnt 不应该;neednt 不需要。九、九、虚拟语气虚拟语气 1.(2016北京卷34)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If youme,I could have helped.A.told B.had told 11 C.were to tell D.would tell【解析】选 B。考查虚拟语气。句意:你上周怎么没有告诉我你遇到的困难?如果你告诉了我,我会给你帮助的。由句子情景可知,前一句是对过去情况的表述,而后一句是对过去情况的假设,故应该使用虚拟语气。2.(2016 浙 江 卷 15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deathssince their highest in 2005.A.had not fallen B.would not fall C.did not fall D.would not have fallen【解析】选 D。考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是政府们和科学家们共同努力的话,与艾滋病有关的死亡人数就不会在 2005 年达到顶峰后下降了。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,if 从句用过去完成时,主句用would+have done。3.(2016天津卷15)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I.A.were injured B.would be injured C.had been injured D.would have been injured【解析】选 D。考查虚拟语气。句意:我系着安全带了。如果我没有系安全带的话,我可能已经受伤了。根据从句 hadnt been wearing 可以看出 是 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 的 虚 拟 语 气,因 此 主 句 用could/would/should/might+have done 的形式。4.(2016江苏卷27)If itfor his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.12 A.had not been B.should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been【解析】选 A。考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是那天他的邀请,现在我不会在这里。从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,应该使用 had done。【易错误区】(1)误导原因:主句使用的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句也容易理解成是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。(2)去伪存真:从句时间状语是 the other day,故判断是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,用 had done。十、十、动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 1.(2016北京卷21)Jackin the lab when the power cut occurred.A.works B.has worked C.was working D.would work【解析】选 C。考查动词的时态。句意:杰克正在实验室工作的时候突然停电了。be doing/be about to do.when.“正在/正要这时”。2.(2016北京卷23)Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.Wehere for more than two hours.A.waited B.wait C.would be waiting D.have been waiting 13【解析】选 D。考查动词的时态。句意:打扰一下,你们在等着看哪场电影?新版星球大战。我们已经在这里等了两个多小时了。根据答语可知,动作发生的时间是当前,而根据时间状语 for more than two hours 和句意可知,动作到现在还没有结束,还有可能继续下去,故应该使用现在完成进行时,选择 D 项。3.(2016北京卷25)Ihalf of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read【解析】选 B。考查动词的时态。句意:这本英文小说我已经读了一半了,我会尽力在周末读完。根据句意和情景可知,read 的动作已经完成,故应该使用现在完成时。4.(2016北京卷30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their effortswith success in the end.A.rewarded B.were rewarded C.will reward D.will be rewarded【解析】选 D。考查动词的时态和语态。句意:学生们一直刻苦学习功课,他们的努力最终将会获得成功作为回报。根据句意和情景可知,前一分句使用现在完成进行时,表示动作持续到现在;后一分句应该使用一般将来时,且动词 reward 与主语 efforts 有逻辑上的动宾关系,应该使用被动语态。14 5.(2016江苏卷22)More efforts,as reported,in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A.are made B.will be made C.are being made D.have been made【解析】选 B。考查动词的时态和语态。句意:据报道,未来几年将会作出更多的努力来加速供给侧结构改革。时间状语是 in the years ahead 在未来的几年里,故使用一般将来时;efforts 与 make 之间是被动关系,故答案为 B。6.(2016江苏卷29)Dashan,whocrosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.A.will be learning B.is learning C.had been learning D.has been learning【解析】选 D。考查时态。句意:大山数十年来一直在学习中国喜剧传统节目相声,想把它和西方单口相声融会贯通。大山学习相声是从过去持续到现在,并且还会继续下去,故使用现在完成进行时。7.(2016 天 津 卷 3)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I for years.A.didnt see B.havent seen C.hadnt seen D.wouldnt see【解析】选 C。考查时态。句意:当我走在大街上的时候,我偶然遇见15 了戴维。我好多年没见他了。没见戴维发生在偶然遇见他之前,故发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。【易错误区】“现在完成时”还是“过去完成时”(1)误导原因:时间状语为 for years,容易思维定势用现在完成时。(2)去伪存真:偶然遇见发生在过去,没见在偶然遇见之前,发生在过去的过去。过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去;现在完成时表示动作从过去发生持续到现在,对现在产生影响。8.(2016浙江卷9)Silkone of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A.had become B.was becoming C.has become D.is becoming【解析】选 A。考查时态。句意:到大约公元前 100 年,丝绸成为沿丝绸之路运输的主要货物之一。根据句中的时间状语 by about 100 BC 可知“become”动作发生在“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。十一、十一、非谓语动词非谓语动词 1.(2016北京卷26)it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.A.Made B.Make C.Making D.To make【解析】选 D。考查非谓语动词。句意:为更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好随身带着这张名片。动词不定式短语作目的状语。16 2.(2016北京卷28)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.A.Ordering B.To order C.Having ordered D.Ordered【解析】选 D。考查非谓语动词。句意:那些书是一周多前订购的,现在应该随时都会送来。主句的主语 books 与动词 order 是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应该使用过去分词形式表示被动,相当于原因状语从句Because they were ordered.。【易错误区】-ing 形式还是-ed 形式作状语 误导原因:用-ing 形式还是-ed 形式作状语要看从句中的动词与主句的主语是主谓关系还是动宾关系。当与主语是主谓关系时用-ing 形式,而与主语是动宾关系时用-ed 形式。去伪存真:可以转换成状语从句,依据状语从句中的谓语动词的时态和语态来决定用-ing 形式还是-ed 形式。3.(2016北京卷32)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,the old town into a dreamland.A.turn B.turning C.to turn D.turned【解析】选 B。考查非谓语动词。句意:街道两旁都是新建的木屋,使这个古旧小镇变成了梦幻之地。根据句意和结构可知,主句的内容与动词 turn 有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示产生的自然结果,故应该使用-ing形式作结果状语。17【易错误区】用 to do 形式还是-ing 形式作结果状语 误导原因:不定式 to do 作结果状语表示主句形成的出乎意料的结果,不定式前常有 only;而-ing 形式表示主句形成的自然结果。去伪存真:-ing 形式作结果状语常可转换为并列句。如本题可改为:Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,and it turns the old town into a dreamland.4.(2016江苏卷28)In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret messagewithin the work.A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden【解析】选 B。考查非谓语动词。句意:在艺术评论中,你必须认为艺术家在作品中藏了一个秘密信息。message 与 hide 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。5.(2016浙江卷10)To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look at a studyin Australia in 2012.A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted【解析】选 D。考查非谓语动词。句意:回到水污染问题之前,我想让你们看一下 2012 年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。study 与 conduct 之间为动宾关系,由 in 2012 可知此项研究已经完成,故用过去分词作后置定语。6.(2016 浙 江 卷 19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do18 with students.A.working B.work C.to work D.worked【解析】选 A。考查非谓语动词。句意:我过去航海和现在与学生们打交道一样开心。句中 do 代替 have fun,have fun(in)doing sth.做某事很开心。【易错误区】work 还是 working(1)误导原因:把 do 看成对谓语动词的强调,认为句中缺少谓语动词,选 work。(2)去伪存真:此处 do 代替 have fun,根据 have fun(in)doing sth.可知用v.-ing 形式。7.(2016 天 津 卷 4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,air conditioning unnecessary.A.making B.to make C.made D.being made【解析】选 A。考查非谓语动词。句意:凉爽的风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来,这样我们的空调没必要开了。doing 表示顺其自然的结果。十二、十二、名词性从句名词性从句 1.(2016北京卷24)Your support is important to our work.you can do helps.A.However B.Whoever 19 C.Whatever D.Wherever【解析】选 C。考查名词性从句。句意:你们的支持对我们的工作很重要,无论你们做什么都会有所帮助。根据句意和结构可知,whatever 引导的是主语从句,主语从句中缺少谓语动词 do 的宾语,表示事物,故选择 C 项。2.(2016北京卷29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season isone can be entirely free from dust.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.why【解析】选 B。考查名词性从句。句意:雨季最令人高兴的事情就是你完全可以远离灰尘。根据句子结构可知,本句包含一个表语从句,且表语从句中主系表结构完整,故使用连词 that 引导表语从句,that 在表语从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用。3.(2016江苏卷21)It is often the caseanything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that【解析】选 D。考查名词性从句。句意:通常情况下,对于那些坚持希望的人来说,一切皆有可能。此句为主语从句,从句中不缺少任何成分也无实际意义,故使用 that 引导。4.(2016 天 津 卷 11)The manager put forward a suggestionwe should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.that C.which D.what 20【解析】选 B。考查同位语从句。句意:经理提出了一个建议,我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。后面是建议的具体内容,不缺成分,故选that。十三、十三、定语从句定语从句 1.(2016北京卷22)I live next door to a couplechildren often make a lot of noise.A.whose B.why C.where D.which【解析】选 A。考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妻隔壁,他们的孩子总是弄出很大的响声。根据句意和结构可知,本题是限制性定语从句,先行词 couple 在定语从句中作定语,故关系代词使用 whose。2.(2016江苏卷23)Many young people,mostwere well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those【解析】选 C。考查定语从句。句意:很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想,他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。先行词为 Many young people,在从句中作 of 的宾语并且指人,故使用关系代词 whom,答案为 C。【易错误区】them 还是 whom(1)误导原因:“他们中的大多数”习惯用 most of them。21(2)去伪存真:定语从句只能用关系代词,不能用普通的代词。指代人作宾语用 whom。3.(2016天津卷9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,the weather may be better.A.that B.where C.which D.when【解析】选 D。考查定语从句。句意:我们将会把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周,那个时候天气可能会更好一些。先行词是 next week,在从句中作时间状语,故选 when。4.(2016浙江卷11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none ofhas been proved.A.whom B.which C.what D.that【解析】选 B。考查定语从句。句意:就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出来许多理论,但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为 theories,故用which 引导非限制性定语从句。whom 的先行词必须是人;what 不能引导定语从句;that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。【易错误区】which 还是 that(1)误导原因:在定语从句中,当关系代词指事、物时,常用 that 或 which引导定语从句。(2)去伪存真:引导非限制性定语从句,用 which 而不用 that。22 十四、十四、连词和状语从句连词和状语从句 1.(2016北京卷27)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,hes in his nineties.A.as long as B.as if C.even though D.in case【解析】选 C。考查状语从句。句意:尽管我爷爷已经九十多岁了,他仍然不时地打打网球。根据句意可知,主句和状语从句之间是让步关系。2.(2016北京卷33)I really enjoy listening to musicit helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.A.because B.before C.unless D.until【解析】选 A。考查状语从句。句意:我真的喜欢听音乐,因为听音乐有助于放松,并且让我免受一天中其他的纷扰。根据逻辑关系可知,应为原因状语从句,故用 because 引导。3.(2016北京卷35)I am not afraid of tomorrow,I have seen yesterday and I love today.A.so B.and C.for D.but 23【解析】选 C。考查连词。句意:我不害怕明天,因为我经历过了昨天并且热爱今天。由前后句子的关系可知,后句是前句的原因,故选择连词 for。so 表示结果;and 表示并列;but 表示转折。4.(2016江苏卷26)some people are motivated by a need for success,others are motivated by a fear of failure.A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While【解析】选 D。考查状语从句。句意:尽管有些人是受到成功的激励,而另外一些人是因为害怕失败而前进。while 引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”,符合句意。because 因为;if 如果;unless 除非。5.(2016 天 津 卷 7)the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.A.Unless B.Until C.As D.While【解析】选 C。考查连词和