时态与语态考点.ppt

关于时态和语态考点第一张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every,sometimes,at,onSunday现在进行now,现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlasteveningwhen,while过去完成before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来next,tomorrow,in过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作第二张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月（1）一般现在时1.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句（不受时态限制）Knowledgebeginswithpractice.Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea_withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.servesC.isservedD.servedThegirl_weightrecently.Yes,she_toomuch.hasgained,iseatingB.gains,eatsC.isgaining,ateD.isgaining,eats第三张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性反复出现的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频常或习惯性反复出现的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用率的时间状语连用,如如always,often,now and then等。等。Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong、seem等。等。如：如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.第四张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月4)少数用于表示起止的动词如少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。往往是由自然发生的动作。往往是由自然,日历或时刻表规定而不变且周日历或时刻表规定而不变且周而复始循环进行的情况而复始循环进行的情况,句中常带有时间状语句中常带有时间状语.The shop closes at 11:00 p.m.every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.The train leaves at three this afternoon.The plane takes off at 15:00.School begins on Friday.第五张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月5)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时,如when,before,until,If,assoonas等。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_.OK.Illputtheminthecupboard.A.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebrokenB.6)倒装句（由here，there开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作）Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.C.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.第六张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月一般过去时一般过去时:1)基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯去的习惯。1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯）-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh,how good a dad!But she doesnt like sweet things._ that?A.Dont you know B.Havent you known C.Didnt you know D.Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes,but she _soon afterwards.A.had left B.left C.would leave D.will leave第七张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月He told me he _an interesting novel last night.如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事 I met her in the street yesterday.He used to smoke a lot.I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt.readyesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in2008,beforeliberation,atthattime第八张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月3)追忆逝去的人或事追忆逝去的人或事,常用过去时常用过去时.Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.Charlie Chaplin was a great actor and acted in many films.4)一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为,但口气要但口气要比用一般现在时更加委婉比用一般现在时更加委婉,客气客气.这样的词有这样的词有think,wonder,hope等等.I wondered if you could do me a favour.第九张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月5)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.6)常用一般过去时的句型：Whydidntyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididntnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididntrecognizehim.第十张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月3.一般将来时一般将来时1)表示未来的动作或状态常用表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词（常与动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。等）。2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.3)表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式will/shall+动词原形动词原形be going to do be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么)be to do 第十一张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月 be going to be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表示谈话时临表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性*be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则则能，表意愿。如：能，表意愿。如：If it is fine,well go fishing.(正确正确)If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.(错误错误)-The telephone is ringing.-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about toA.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to -Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did A.had B.would C.was going to D.did be going to be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will will 不能表示不能表示 Look at the clouds!Its going to rain.Look at the clouds!Its going to rain.第十二张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月3.be to3.be to和和be going to be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作的动作还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等等。be to do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时有时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.be going to be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.第十三张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思：就在这时，是并列连词就在这时，是并列连词 构成句型：构成句型：be about to do when.be about to do when.I I was about to was about to leave leave when when it rained.it rained.第十四张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月特别注意特别注意（1 1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow,tomorrow,但没有但没有will,be will,be going to)going to)（2 2）某些瞬间动词某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take”take”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I _my mum.Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I _my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been 第十五张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,仅限于少量动词：return,stay,do,have,see sb off Are you staying here till next week?工作进行的怎么样？工作进行的相当顺利。你进步很快。我们想在这里建一座水坝。风挺大有人找你接电话。How are you getting on with your work?The work is going fairly smoothly.Youre making rapid progress.Were thinking of building a dam here.Its blowing hard.Someone is asking for you on the phone.第十六张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月现在进行时现在进行时:1 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,但说话时不一定正在进但说话时不一定正在进表近期特定的安排或计划；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时行时代替将来时I dont really work here.Im helping until the new I dont really work here.Im helping until the new secretary comes.secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.because technology_ so rapidly.A.will have changed B.has changed A.will have changed B.has changed C.is changing D.will change C.is changing D.will change-Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she _ just(-Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she _ just(只是只是)now.)now.A.A.studied B.is studying C.studies D.will study studied B.is studying C.studies D.will study 第十七张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月My money _.I must go to the bank to draw My money _.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before Ive none in some of my savings out of before Ive none in hand.hand.A.has run out B.is running out A.has run out B.is running out C.has been run outD.is being run out C.has been run outD.is being run out I can guess you were in a hurry.You _ your I can guess you were in a hurry.You _ your sweater inside out.sweater inside out.A.had worn B.wore A.had worn B.wore C.are wearing D.were wearing C.are wearing D.were wearing第十八张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月1.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you 1.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you room!room!A.always throw B.have always thrown A.always throw B.have always thrown C.are always throwing D.have always been thrownC.are always throwing D.have always been thrown2.You _ television.Why not do2.You _ television.Why not dosomething more active?something more active?A.always watch B.are always watching A.always watch B.are always watching C.have always watched D.have always been C.have always watched D.have always been watchingwatching现在进行时与现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never always,continually,constantly,never 等等连用，表示连用，表示不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。第十九张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月 过去进行时过去进行时1 1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。或由上下文表示。1.-Hey,look where you are going?1.-Hey,look where you are going?-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticing B.I dont noticing A.Im not noticing B.I dont noticing C.I havent noticing D.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticing D.I wasnt noticing 2.-Hey,what did I say?2.-Hey,what did I say?-I _.-I _.A.Im not listening B.I was not listening A.Im not listening B.I was not listening C.I dont listened D.I didnt listen C.I dont listened D.I didnt listeneg.This time yesterday,they eg.This time yesterday,they were havingwere having lunch lunch第二十张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月2 2 表示表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。完成。-Why didnt you join us last night?-Why didnt you join us last night?-I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.-I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.A.watched B.was watching C.had watched D.have been watching A.watched B.was watching C.had watched D.have been watching-Why werent you at the meeting?-Why werent you at the meeting?-I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia.-I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia.A.waited B.was waiting C.had waited D.have been A.waited B.was waiting C.had waited D.have been Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you.We _ you Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you.We _ you back much earlier all through the night.back much earlier all through the night.A.are,expect B.were,had expected A.are,expect B.were,had expected C.will be,are expecting D.have been,were expectingC.will be,are expecting D.have been,were expecting-You look tired.-You look tired.-Yes.I _ until twelve oclock.-Yes.I _ until twelve oclock.A.am working B.was working C.has worked D.had workedA.am working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked第二十一张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月3 3 在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time,then,this time at that time,then,this time yesterday/last week,at 10 oclock last nightyesterday/last week,at 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.radio shop at the time.A.A.has worked B.was working has worked B.was working B.B.C.had been working D.had workedC.had been working D.had worked特别注意：特别注意：与与alwaysalways连用，表示感情色彩。连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key.My brother was always losing his key.第二十二张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月1.Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Dontyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkitssmart.A.wasntmakingB.dontmakeC.wontmakeD.didntmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity_sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He_quitewell,buthehasnthadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe_bynow.A.hasntturnedupB.doesntturnupC.wontturnupD.hadntturnedup第二十三张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月5.Imterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_thewrongbus.A.catchB.hadcaughtC.caughtD.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalkB.hadbeenwalkingC.walkedD.waswalking8.IreallydontthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_.A.isB.doesC.willbeD.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey_.A.wereplayingB.weretoplayC.hadplayedD.played第二十四张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月10.Kateisinhospital.Oh,really?I_._visither.A.didntknow;IllgoandB.dontknow;IllgoandC.dontknow;ImgoingtoD.didntknow;Imgoingto11.Where_theguidebook?Icantseeitanywhere.I_itrighthere,butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.hadyouput;haveputC.haveyouput;putD.wereyouputting;put14.Doyouliveinthiscity?No,we_itforholidays.A.justvisitB.justvisitedC.arejustvisitingD.havevisited15.Howistheoldmannow?Sorry,he_thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim.A.wasdeadB.haddiedC.hasbeendeadD.died第二十五张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月16.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures_.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken17.Imafraiditwillbetwomonths_.A.whenIcomebackB.whenIllcomebackC.beforeIcomebackD.beforeIllcomeback18.Theworkers_busilywhenthebosscametolookforsomethinghe_intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleftB.wereworking;hadleftC.working;hadleftD.hadworked;left19.Thenotice_“Nosmoking”.A.istoldB.readsC.tellsD.isread第二十六张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月（4）现在完成时现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)、inrecentyears等。下列句型中常用现在完成时Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second)timethat+完成时This(That/It)istheonly+that+完成时This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting+that从句+完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Dontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.第二十七张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月（5）过去完成时 常用过去完成时的几种情况：1.在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned+tohavedone。Ihadhopedtoseeheragain.我本希望再见她一面.(但没能如愿)3）“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.第二十八张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月4）表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.第二十九张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月1.Theoldman_twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon_tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned3.I_myson_adoctor,buthewasntgoodenoughatscience.A.hoped;wouldbecomeB.hadhoped;wouldbecomeC.hadhoped;willbecomeD.hope;willbecome4.I_totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasntabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped5.Helen_herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome第三十张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月（6）过去将来时参照一般将来时对比：woulddo、was/weregoingtodosth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was/weretodosth.和was/wereabouttodosth.表过去将来。7）过去进行时过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。第三十一张，PPT共四十六页，创作于2022年6月9.现在完成进行时构成：构成：have/has been doinghave/has been doing表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。可能将持续下去。-Isnt it hard to dr