人教版英语中考语法专题复习之主谓一致及倒装.docx

人教版Go for it英语中考语法专题复习之主谓一致及倒装主谓一致一主谓一致的三个基本原则：A语法一致。1.一致原则：主单-谓单/ 主复-谓复的基本句子结构中。 2. 不一致原则：特例原则。a. 不定代词（some, any, no，every/ body, one, thing, where）作主语时, 其谓语用_。 b. 主语后面有with, as well as, like, except 等，其后的谓语动词用_。B意义一致。指主语人称的单、复数变化根据其实际单复数内在含义决定。例如，the police/ public/ staff，the poor/ wounded形式上是单数，其内含是指复数，故谓语用复数； 然而news, politics,表面是复数，实际上指单数，故其谓语用单数。C就近一致原则。在一些固定句型中，如there be A and B，either A or B, neither A nor B, not only A but also B的结构作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数由与动词最靠近的一项决定。二主谓一致的9种常考情形： 1表时间、数量、重量、价格、长度、运算公式等的词或词组作主语时，形式上它们是复数，但应该将其视作一个整体，即“三单”处理。其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如，1). Three weeks _ a short time.2). 47 and 23_ 70.2动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时,其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如，1). To see_ to believe.2). It_ not easy for us to learn math well.3). It_ true that dropping litter anywhere is not right.3由and 连接的成分作主语时，要根据其实际含义来决定其谓语动词的单、复数。例，1). The famous writer and the teacher _ coming here soon. The famous writer and teacher _ coming here soon.2). The tomato and egg _ my favorite dish. Its delicious.4集合名词作主语的几种情况：a. the police/ public/ staff/ poultryb. the poor/ rich/ dead/ old/ living/ woundedc. the Smiths/ the Turners/ the Chengsd. the family, team, class, group，这组特殊词的单、复数的变化要看其实际含义而定。表整体、称呼时，作单数； 表个体、内容时，作复数。例如，My family _ going hiking in the mountains next week.All of us think that Toms family _ a good example to us.5名词性物主代词mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its作主语时, 其单、复数的变化由其实际含义而定。例如，His parents _ tall and thin, while mine are tall and heavy.6以s结尾的固有名词作主语时，其形式上是复数，但其本身算作单数，故其谓语用单数。例如，news, maths, politics, physics,7在there be, here be； eitheror, neithernor, or, not onlybut also等连接名词或代词作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数与其最靠近的主语单、复数一致，即就近原则。例如，1）Here _ some paper and two letters for you on the table, Tracy.2) Not only my classmates but Mr Smith _ (think) the first prize should come to our class.8在cup of, pair of, glass of 等量词短语前面有this, the 或 my, your, his 时，应以 cup, pair, glass 为主体，而其后的名词则为其次。例如，1). Look, this pair of shorts at the mall _ pretty cheap.2). There _ two glasses of milk on the table, too.9a. 不定代词（some-/ any-/ no-/ every- + thing/ one/ body/ where）作主语时，其本身只作单数； b. 单数代词（one/ each/ either/ neither/ much）作主语时， 其谓语用单数。1). Much of the bread_ left on the table just now.2). Each of us _ (have) an English-Chinese dictionary in my class. c. 复数代词（both, many）作主语时， 其谓语用复数数。 d. 单复各表的代词（all, some, most, any）作主语时， 其谓语的单复数随机应变。例如，1). Im sure that not all of the work _ (have) been finished already. 2). Most of the students _ still in the classroom now.主谓一致练习1. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party last weekend. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 2. Everyone except Tom and Jerry _ there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. was D. were 3. _ the books in our library _about 20,000. A. The number of, are B. A number of, is C. The number of, is D. A number of, are4. - How about your CDs now, Mike? - Oh, mine _ old and some of them _ even broken. A. is, are B. is, is C. are, are D. are, is 5. The workmen _ busy _ the small parts together in the workshop. A. is, with B. are, putting C. is, putting D. be, with 6. _ was sent to that country after the war was over. A. Lots of coats B. A lot of food C. Many kinds of foods D. Much water 7. - Do you know how many sheep _ in Australia? - Sorry, I dont know. A. is there B. there are C. are there D. there is 8. Physics _ my favorite subject, I think. A. isnt B. doesnt C. are D. arent 9. - Do you like watching cooking show on TV, Mary? - No. But my twin sister _. Shes quite fond of cooking. A. is B. are C. does D. do 10. Look, some of the bread _ been eaten on the plate. A. hasnt B. is C. have D. arent 11. Sorry, my car is full, so there _ for this big box. A. are no rooms B. is little room C. is a few room D. are a few rooms 12. The number of the teachers in our school is about 150, and _ of them _ men teachers. A. two thirds, is B. a half, are C. two third, is D. three quarters, are 13. I hear the Johnsons _ in our district for half a year. A. are living B. have lived C. lives D. has lived 14. Jenny _are going to visit the Palace Museum soon. A. and her parents B. as well mum C. together with Mary D. as well as Joe 15. Li Lei and I have decided to go to the mountains if it _ this weekend. A. dont rain B. doesnt rain C. isnt raining D. wont rain 16. In fact, neither Tom and Larry nor Jack _ from Canada. They are from America. A. comes B. coming C. come D. came17. Its true that fifteen and thirteen _ twenty-eight. A. are B. makes C. were D. make 18. Yes, _ too much is bad for your health.A. eat B. ate C. eaten D. eating19. Well, _ of the students wants to watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics this summer. A. most B. some C. every one D. everyone 20. In China, all of the old _ taken good care of, I think.A. are B. was C. is D. being 21. - _ this pair of shoes yours?- No. My shoes _ under the bed. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, was 22OK, Ill say that my family _ watching the NBA games at that time. A. are B. am C. was D. were23. Whether we go fishing or not _ on the weather. A. depend B. depends C. depended D. depending24. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south, the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, /25. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing倒装英语句子的正常语序是：主语 谓语 （宾语）。即主语在前，谓语在后。但是，有时由于句子结构的需要或者需要强调，这时就要采用倒装语序。eg. 1. I have never seen a movie so moving before.（正常语序） Never before have I seen a movie so moving. 2. Hi，Jack, here is a post card for you. 3. What are your students doing at the moment?4. Were I you, I would do it better. 5. Only in this way can you succeed.6. He can speak much Enghlish, so can I.*二、倒装句：完全倒装：又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 部分倒装：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。 前一种情况,倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误；后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。 1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首，句子用部分倒装。 例子： Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。 Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only (but also),not until 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首，句子用部分倒装。例子： No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 Not until twelve oclock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。 3. so / such.that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句, 表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 例子： So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。 To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长，以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分，其语气较自然语序强烈，因而具有极佳的修辞效果。 4.某些副词开头的句子构成的完全倒装here、there、now、then、thus等副词开头的句子可构成 完全倒装。条件是谓语动词是不及物动词，如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。 需要注意的是，当主语是代词时，不能构成倒装。 例子： Here comes our headmaster。我们的校长来了。 Here it is. 在这里。 Here is your key.这是你的钥匙。 B. 含助动词的倒装句：1. 在否定词前置时（句首）：never, not, nor, neither, hardly, little, few; never before, neither.nor., not until,not only .but alsoeg. Not only does he have a sister, but he has a little borther. Little can I speak French.Not until he saw the present, did she feel happy. I dont know that small village, nor do Mike and Jack.2. 由 only, so前置（句首）时：eg. Only when he failed, did he know his mistake. So fast does light travel that its difficult to imagine its speed.倒装句练习题1. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _.A. so does John B. John does too C. neither does John 2. They have a good knowledge of English but little _they know about German.A. do B. have C. does 3. In the dark forest _, some are large enough to hold several towns.A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie 4. Only when my friend came, _.A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer C. was the computer repaired 5. Not until I began to work, _ how much time I had wasted(浪费).A. did I realize B. was I realize C.I realized 6. Where _ go last summer, Jane?A. do you B. did you C. you did 7. On the wall_ two beautiful pictures. A. hang B. hangs C. hanging 8. Bad boy! _.A. Out you go B. Out go you C. Out goes you 9. Do you know _ out the problem?A. how did he work B. how he work C. how he worked 10. I guess you have known much about Jay Chou, _? A. dont you B. havent you C. did you11. _can you expect to get a pay rise. A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard12. _, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is13. Not until all the fish died in the river, _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize14. I dont think I can walk any further. _, Lets stop here for a rest. A. Neither can I B. Neither do I C. I didnt think so D. I think so15.Do you know Jim quarrel with(和吵架) his brother? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also16. Only by practicing a few hours every day _ be able to waste much time. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 17. Not until the early years of the19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know18. _got into the room, _ the telephone rang. A. He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when19. _ snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring综合能力提高题一短文填空。 free, I, stood, something, me, one, face, it, send, able, against, after I was still shy in front of people. And my first day at the new school made me a laughing stock（笑料）of the classroom. I 1 to the blackboard to write my name. I knew my name, and knew how to write it, but 2 at the blackboard with the eyes of so many pupils on my back made me freeze inside and I was 3 to write a single letter. “Write your name,” the teacher called to me. I lifted the white chalk(粉笔)to the blackboard and, as I was about to write, I couldnt remember anything: I could not remember my name, even the 4 letter. Somebody laughed and I became more nervous.“Just forget us and write your name,” the teacher called and walked to 5 side, smiling at me to give me confidence. “Whats your name?” she asked. “Richard,” I answered. “ Then write it.”I turned to the blackboard and lifted my hand to write, but I could remember 6 . I realized how totally(完全地) I was failing and I became weak(柔弱)and put my hot forehead(前额) 7 the cold blackboard. The room burst into(突然爆发)a loud laugh and my body froze. I sat and blamed(责备) 8 . Why did I always become so silly when I was called to perform in a crowd? I knew how to write as well as any other pupil in the classroom, and I could talk 9 . Then why did strange_10_ make me freeze? I sat with my ears and neck burning, seeing the pupils around me talking in very low voice, hating myself.二. 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，补全表格中所缺的信息。请将答案按编号一次填入表格内的题号后横线上。News 1. 9-year-old Lin Dingwen from Singapore recently designed an iPhone painting program called Doodle Kids(小涂鸦). The program lets users draw with their fingers by touching(触摸)the iPhones touch- screen and then clear the screen by shaking the phone. Lin is good at 6 programming languages, and he has completed about 20 programming projects.News 2. A new walking, talking robot from Japan with the face of a girl that can smile and weighs 43kg was on show. But it still cant share the catwalk with human models because it isnt safe enough. For now, the 158-cm-tall black-haired robot will mainly serve to make people happy. Developers said the robot may be used in amusement parks or to perform simulations(模仿)of human movement as an exercise teacher.News 3. In a new study, 186 four-year-olds were given regular carrots to eat and later, they were given the same vegetable but it had been renamed X-ray Vision Carrots(X光透视眼胡萝卜). In the following days, they ate nearly twice as many. Children continued to eat about 50% more carrots even on the days when they were no longer named as anything special. Cool names can make for cool foods.News1.Lin Dingwen who 1. recently designed an iPhone painting program. Not only is Lin good at 6 programming languages 2. .News2Its strange that the new talking, talking robot from Japan has 3. . But it still cant share the catwalk with human models 4. .News3There were 186 four-year-olds who 5. . In the following days, 6. .能力进阶（中考易错题二）1. He was sentenced to death _ what he has stolen from the bank.A. that B. since C. because D. because of2. The days we have been looking forward to _ soon Acoming Bwill come Ccame Dhave come3. The person we talked about _ our school last week Avisiting Bwill visit Cvisited Dhas visited4. The man whose son