高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧[][]精选PPT.ppt

高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧课件第1页，此课件共60页哦设问设问特点：特点：1、从原文中找、从原文中找单词单词，短，短语语或句子或句子设问设问。2、所、所问词问词或句与或句与该词该该词该句句常常见见意思不同意思不同，无法望，无法望文生文生义义,只有在具体的只有在具体的上下文上下文中才可判断准确。中才可判断准确。3、所考、所考单词单词有的是有的是生生词词，有的是，有的是旧旧词词新意新意。4、正确、正确选项选项的特征是放在原文不的特征是放在原文不仅单仅单句合理，句合理，全文也合理。全文也合理。5、错误选项错误选项或是或是字面意思字面意思，或是，或是故意胡故意胡说说。第2页，此课件共60页哦1.对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测Theunderlinedwordcultivated(paragraph1)roughlyTheunderlinedwordcultivated(paragraph1)roughlymeans_.means_.2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Theunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeans4.对句义的猜测对句义的猜测WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-newWhenIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegendoutofanancientlegend3.对代词的猜测对代词的猜测 Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto_.Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto_.第3页，此课件共60页哦词义理解题常见的题型有词义理解题常见的题型有:1.Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“”means_.第4页，此课件共60页哦Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning 第5页，此课件共60页哦1.He would _ the gold from his grandma.2.Unlike his brother,Hobart is quite _.Howtoguessthemissingwords?Harvey is a thief:he would _ the gold from his grandma and not feel guilty.stealUnlike his brother,who is truly a handsome person,Hobart is quite _.ordinary-lookingplain/homely第6页，此课件共60页哦Skills for guessing unknown words:1.Thelionhasits“territory”,whichisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（声称）asitsown.“territory”means_an area(that-own)动物地盘动物地盘2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans_.A.strongB.determinedC.kindD.clever定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释第7页，此课件共60页哦技巧归纳技巧归纳1:Use _利用利用_definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义mean,refer to,be called,be known as,can be defined as,in other words,that is,that is to say,namely，be called，be identified as，to put it differently 括号括号,引号引号,破折号，破折号，定语从句定语从句.etc.第8页，此课件共60页哦Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees.The word“pruning”means_A.Regular cutting of the plantsB.Frequent wateringC.Regular use of chemicalsD.Growing the plants high in the mountain技巧归纳技巧归纳 2：Using_ 根据根据_common sense or experience普通常识和经验普通常识和经验第9页，此课件共60页哦技巧归纳3:利用_ from_2.Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.A少儿期少儿期B幼儿期幼儿期C青春期青春期D成人成人期同义同义/同位语同位语similarity/appositive1.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today“ocelot”means_an endangered wild cat 第10页，此课件共60页哦ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers技巧归纳技巧归纳4:利用利用_举例举例 from examplesSignal words：for example，for instance，such as，like，as，etc.第11页，此课件共60页哦技巧归纳技巧归纳5：利用利用_From_1.The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）飘）with the wind like feathers.2.Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.雪花，雪片雪花，雪片爱交际的爱交际的比较或对比比较或对比 comparison or contrastSignal words:as,like,the same as，unlike,but，however,on the contrary,while,insteadect.第12页，此课件共60页哦技巧归纳技巧归纳6:利用利用_From_(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（过分的、过量的）（过分的、过量的）workoverwork“工作过工作过度度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanagerseyes.dis“不不”+satisfied“满意的满意的=dissatisfied“不满意不满意的的”。构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Word formation第13页，此课件共60页哦合成合成Compounding 转化转化Conversion派生派生Derivation构词法构词法Wordformationprefixsuffix第14页，此课件共60页哦 表否定 un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反表相反 un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当错误失当 mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背表向背 pro-,anti-表程度表程度 arch-,super-,ultra-,over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间表时间 pre,fore-,post-表方位表方位 sub-,inter-,trans-prefixdecontrol transplant counterattack解除控制 移植 反击 第15页，此课件共60页哦suffix-able （能（能的）的）-less （无，不）（无，不）-wards （向）向）-ship （身份；资格；权力；性质）（身份；资格；权力；性质）-some （易于易于的）的）-hood （状态；性质；时期）（状态；性质；时期）-ish （如（如的；有点儿的；有点儿的）的）-proof (防防的；不能穿透的）的；不能穿透的）-scape （景）（景）-most (最最的）的）waterproof streetscape innermost speechless第16页，此课件共60页哦lHeissaidtobe“undersizedwith“shortlegsanda“roundstomach”.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTheycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模深一模)派生派生Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的第17页，此课件共60页哦lHewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,hisverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where（06广东卷）广东卷）合成合成Compounding 谁都不知是什么地方第18页，此课件共60页哦lGreatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.（08广东卷）广东卷）lSherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks（09广东卷）广东卷）转化转化Conversionv.v.n.n.发言，发表意见发言，发表意见n.n.v.v.倚靠倚靠第19页，此课件共60页哦1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans_.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sickclever技巧归纳技巧归纳7:利用利用_ From_同义词或反义词的关系猜词。同义词或反义词的关系猜词。Synonym or Antonym.第20页，此课件共60页哦1.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“”.AfullofrespectBrudeandtooconfidentClackinginexperienceDtooshyandquietB技巧归纳技巧归纳8：利用利用_From _原因与结果关系猜词原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResultSignal words:because,so,so thathence,thereforeAs a result,assince,for,thus第21页，此课件共60页哦 The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest技巧归纳技巧归纳9:Use_ 利用利用_workedasanengineer.context or related information上下文的语境上下文的语境第22页，此课件共60页哦利用上下文利用上下文熟词新义熟词新义生活常识生活常识找信息词找信息词指代关系指代关系第23页，此课件共60页哦1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?2.Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.imaginespeech第24页，此课件共60页哦l（福建卷）福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.l64.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans_.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout第25页，此课件共60页哦lWhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的反常的)mentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?lTheunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_.A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon第26页，此课件共60页哦(2009年全国卷年全国卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,dontinsisthetellyouwhatsonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathellclamup.69.Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”inParagraph2probablymean?A.becomeexcitedB.showrespectC.refusetotalkD.seekhelp第27页，此课件共60页哦lAsawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowImafraid.(04广东卷广东卷)l58.Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto_.A.ataxiB.themoneyC.abomb D.publictransportthis,that,it,them,onethis,that,it,them,one等代词指代内容一般是在此等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键思是解题的关键.第28页，此课件共60页哦猜词技巧猜词技巧Tips for guessing the meaning of words1.利用定义或解释定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验普通常识和经验3.利用同义同义/同位语同位语4.利用举例举例 5.利用比较或对比比较或对比6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境上下文的语境第29页，此课件共60页哦More practice.Finish Exx.1 to 10,then discuss the answers with your group.第30页，此课件共60页哦1.A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,they obey orders,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“audience”in the paragraph means _.A.students B.people who watch a play C.people who act on the stage D.people who listen to something常识常识 teacher-students第31页，此课件共60页哦 2.When some kind of pain killer(止痛药）止痛药）was brought out recently,researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective（无（无效的）效的）.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”means that the colours_A.Attracted the customers stronglyB.Had weak effects on the customersC.Tricked the customers into shoppingD.Caused the customers to lose interest D因果关系因果关系because第32页，此课件共60页哦 3.Collins decided that she must go,although the hazards of the trip were many,for example,the unbearable heat,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.“hazard”means _A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC举例举例for example第33页，此课件共60页哦 4.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly blame competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or societyThe underlined phrase“the most vocal”means_A.Those who try their best to winB.Those who value competition most highlyC.Those who are against competition most stronglyD.Those who rely on others most for successC上下文语境context or related information第34页，此课件共60页哦 5.Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothemaformoffavoritismwillreplaceequality.Theword“favoritismisusedtodescribethephenomenonthat_.A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobsB.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobsC.poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavoredinjobmarketsD.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess破折号（定义或同位语）破折号（定义或同位语）第35页，此课件共60页哦6.Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence.That is to say,if we put a box in a room and lock the door,the box will still be there when we come back.“Object permanence”means that when out of sight,an object _A.Still exists B.keeps its shapeC.Still stays solid D.is beyond reachA1.定义definitionthat is to say 也就是说2.构词法permanentpermanence第36页，此课件共60页哦7.Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests 比较比较comparison(instead相反相反,反而反而)第37页，此课件共60页哦8.William Shakespeare said.“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”The underlined word“mingled”most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad DhappyBdefinition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义第38页，此课件共60页哦9.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouare-tryingtolickmetodeath.”Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.对比对比contrast normalbut-unusual第39页，此课件共60页哦 10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof（利用）（利用）otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat构词法及下文解释构词法及下文解释opportunity-ist第40页，此课件共60页哦Practice in the passage第41页，此课件共60页哦11.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.Get worse12.The animal with the longevity is the giant land tortoise which can live several hundreds years.长寿长寿13.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是_脊椎动物脊椎动物第42页，此课件共60页哦14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.concentrate/focus her attention on15.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.A long period of shortage of rainfall第43页，此课件共60页哦16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?co（共同的）（共同的）-education-al 男女同校教育的男女同校教育的 17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.country第44页，此课件共60页哦Ex2:“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams,“He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.”74.“He was just Joe Everybody.”(in the last paragraph)means _.A.Dave was famous B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was showy D.Dave was shy 第45页，此课件共60页哦Ex3:Andifyouvegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛气氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwith-ordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoyTheunderlinedwordconflictmeans_.A.dependentlifeB.fiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling第46页，此课件共60页哦Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans_.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement第47页，此课件共60页哦 Here is The Pines,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou,wild boar,and reindeer with surprising sauces.（2004年福建卷）According to the passage,The Pines is a.Aplace in which you can see many mobile homesBmountain where you can get a good view of the valleyCtown which happens to be near the Banff National ParkDrestaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food 第48页，此课件共60页哦 Ex.5:Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.housethecity第49页，此课件共60页哦1.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?2.Marry Cassatt gave up her social position and all thought of a husband and a family,which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady.3.Finally,renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop.co-education-al 男女同校教育的男女同校教育的 un-think-able 不可思议的不可思议的re-new-able 可更新的可更新的,可再生的可再生的practice第50页，此课件共60页哦Practice1.Mark Twain was not the authors real name;it was a pseudonym.2.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.a pen name.A long period of shortage of rainfall第51页，此课件共60页哦The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street.The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.第52页，此课件共60页哦l(2009年福建卷年福建卷)Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofThe Weather Makers:How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting（融化）（融化）oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesa